‫ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B...

‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﻳﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺧﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻓﻘﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﻳﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ]‪) [1‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪(Flowchart :‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻔﻕ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻟﺗﻣﺛﻳﻝ ﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﺧﻭﺍﺭﺯﻣﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺗﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ،‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻛﺭ ﻫﻧﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ّ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻻِﻧﺳﻳﺎﺏ ﻫﻭ ﺃﺳﻠﻭﺏ ﻣﺣﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺣﺩﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻧﻑ ﻣﻌﻳـ ّـﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻣﺟﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺻﻧﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺣﻠــ ّـﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻣﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﺔ )‪.(imperative programming‬‬

‫ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺎﺕ ﺳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻌطﻲ ﺻورة واﺿﺣﺔ وﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺧطوات اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ﻟﺣل ﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ذھن اﻟﻣﺑﺮﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺣﻳث ﺗﺳﺎﻋده ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺗﺑﻳن ﻟﻠﻣﺑﺮﻣﺞ اﻷﺧطﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﺮاﻣﺞ وﺑﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻷﺧطﺎء اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﻳﺔ واﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻌﺗﻣد اﻛﺗﺷﺎﻓﮫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫وﺿﻊ اﻟﺗﺳﻠﺳل اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﻲ ﻟﺧطوات ﺣل اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ ﻟدى اﻟﻣﺑﺮﻣﺞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺗﺳﺎﻋد اﻟﻣﺑﺮﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ادﺧﺎل أي ﺗﻌدﻳﻼت ﻗد ﻳﺣﺗﺎﺟﮫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﺟﺰء دون اﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟدراﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻣﻳﻊ اﺟﺰاء اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺗﺳﮫل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﺮﻣﺞ ﻓﮫم اﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﻘدة واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻛﺛﺮ ﻓﻳﮫﺎ اﻻﺣﺗﻣﺎﻻت واﻟﺗﻔﺮﻋﺎت وﺑذﻟك‬
‫ﺧﺎرطﺔ ِاﻧﺳﻳﺎب ﺗﺣﺳﻳب اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺗظﮫﺮ اﻟﺧﺮﻳطﺔ اﻟﺧطوات اﻟﺮﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﺑوﺿوح‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺣﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻻﻧﺳﻳﺎب‬
‫ﺗﻔرﻳق أﻧواع ﺧراﺋط ا ِ‬

‫ﻻﻧﺳﻳﺎب‬
‫ﻋﻧﺎﺻر ﺧﺎرطﺎت ا ِ‬

‫أﻧظر أﻳﺿﺎ ً‬

‫ﻣﺻﺎدر وﻣراﺟﻊ‬

‫ﺗﻔﺭﻳﻕ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺍﻻِﻧﺳﻳﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺳﻡ ﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻟﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺷﻣﻝ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻭﻉ ﻭﻣﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻧﻭﺍﻉ‪:‬‬

‫‪ _1‬ﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺍﻟﺗﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺑﺳﻳﻁ‪ :‬ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺗﺭﺗﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺧﻠﻭ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻔﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ‬

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‫ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B...‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺗﻣﺎﻻﺕ؛‬

‫‪ _2‬ﺍﻟﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‪ :‬ﻳﺣﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻻﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺎﺿﻠﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭﻳﻳﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻓﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻟﻛﻝ ﻓﺭﻉ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻵﺧﺭ؛‬

‫‪_3‬ﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺍﻟﺷــ ّــَـﻘْــﻠــ ُـ ْﻭﺑـَـﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻘﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ﻻﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﺩﺩﺍ ﻣﺣﺩﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣّﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺣﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺭﻣﺞ ﻭﻳﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﺍﺳﻡ ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﻘﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺳﻳﻁﺔ ﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺑﻘﻰ ﺑﻼ ﻏﻳﺭ؛‬

‫‪_4‬ﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺫﻱ ﻋّﺩﺓ ﺷــَـﻘْــﻠــ ُـ ْﻭﺑـَـﺎﺕ )‪ :(diagrams of repeatedly executed loops‬ﻓﻲ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺷﻘﻠﻭﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺗﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻭﺗﺳﻣﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻘﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺷﻘﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﻘﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺷﻘﻠﻭﺑﺔ ً ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ ً ﻭﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻔﻳﺫ‬
‫ﻟﺗﺣﻘﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺷﻘﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ؛ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺧﺫﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺍﺳﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺳﻧﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻻﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺷﻘﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﺧﺭﺍﺋﻁ ﺍﻟﺷﻘﻠﻭﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺩﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺿﻣﻧﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻻِﻧﺳﻳﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺗﺗﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻟﺭﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺛﻠﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻁﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﻣﺗﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻷﺿﻼﻉ…‬

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‫ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B...‬‬

‫اﻟﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳم‬ ‫ا ﻟر ﻣ ز‬

‫ﻳُﻣ ِﺛّل اﺗﺟﺎه اﻻﻧﺳﻳﺎب اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﺳﻳﺎب]‪[2][3][2‬‬ ‫ﺧط‬

‫ﻳﻣﺛل ﻧﻘطﺔ ﺑداﻳﺔ أو ﻧﮫﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﮫﺎﻳﺔ]‪[3‬‬ ‫ﺑداﻳﺔ ‪/‬‬

‫ﻳﻣﺛل ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ُﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ]‪[2‬‬

‫ﻳﻣﺛل اﺗﺧﺎذ ﻗﺮار أو ﺗﻌﺑﻳﺮ ﻣﻧطﻘﻲ ﺑﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺟواب‬ ‫ﻗﺮار]‪[2‬‬

‫ﻳُﻣﺛل إدﺧﺎل أو إﺧﺮاج اﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎت أﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫إدﺧﺎل‪/‬إﺧﺮاج]‪[2‬‬

‫ﺗُدَرج ﻓﻳﮫﺎ ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت إﺿﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﺣول اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ أو ﺧطوة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫)ﺗﻌﻠﻳق(]‪[2][3‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ‬

‫ﺗُظﮫﺮ ﻋﻣﻠﻳ�ﺔ ُﻣﻌ�ﺮﻓﺔ ُﻣﺳﺑﻘًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻌ�ﺮﻓﺔ]‪[3‬‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﻳ�ﺔ‬

‫وﺻﻼت ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ ﺗﺣل ﻣﺣل ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎت طوﻳﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺣﺔ اﻟﻣﺧطط اﻻﻧﺳﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻔﺳﮫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ]‪[3‬‬ ‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﻣن‬

‫وﺻﻼت ﺗﺣل ﻣﺣل ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎت طوﻳﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺣﺔ أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ]‪[3‬‬ ‫وﺻﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ‬

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‫ ﻭﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬- ‫ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ‬ https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B...

‫ﻻﻧﺳﻳﺎب‬
ِ ‫أﻧواع اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻣﺮﺳوﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎرطﺎت ا‬

ً ‫ﺃﻧﻅﺭ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ‬
‫▪ ﻧﻣط ﺑﺮﻣﺟﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬
http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Tochniyot_Limudim/ArabicMigzar/Chomr) ‫ اﻟﻣﻧﮫل‬.1
https://web.archive.org/web/20161108150846/http://cms.edu) ‫( ﻧﺳﺧﺔ ﻣﺣﻔوظﺔ‬iEzer/Milon/400.htm
cation.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Tochniyot_Limudim/ArabicMigzar/ChomriEzer/Milon/400.ht
.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣوﻗﻊ واي ﺑﺎك ﻣﺷﻳن‬2016 ‫ ﻧوﻓﻣﺑﺮ‬08 (m
Harley R. Myler (1998)، "2.3 Flowcharts"، Fundamentals of Engineering Programming .2
.978-0-521-62950-8  ISBN ،36 –32   . ‫ ص‬،with C and Fortran، Cambridge University Press
Misty E. Vermaat (2011)، Discovering Computers, Complete: Your ‫؛‬Gary B. Shelly .3
،693 –691   . ‫ ص‬،Interactive Guide to the Digital World، Cengage Learning
.1-111-53032-7  ISBN

Flowcharting Techniques: An IBM manual from 1969 (https://web.archive.org/web/20141127075 ▪

821/http://www.fh-jena.de/~kleine/history/software/IBM-FlowchartingTechniques-GC20-8152-

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‫ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B...‬‬

‫)‪1.pdf‬‬
‫ﻻﻧﺳﻳﺎب )‪(http://live.gnome.org/Dia‬‬
‫▪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻔﺗوح اﻟﻣﺻدر ﺑـِﺎﺳم ‪ ،Dia‬ﻳﺳﻣﺢ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم رﺳم ﺧﺎرطﺎت ا ِ‬

‫ﻣﺟﻠوﺑﺔ ﻣن »‪&oldid=58619646‬ﺧﺎرطﺔ_اﻻﻧﺳﻳﺎب=‪«https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title‬‬

‫آﺧر ﺗﻌدﻳل ﻟﮫذه اﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻳوم ‪ 8‬ﻳوﻟﻳو ‪ ،2022‬اﻟﺳﺎﻋﺔ ‪.11:48‬‬

‫اﻟﻧﺻوص ﻣﻧﺷورة ﺑﺮﺧﺻﺔ اﻟﻣﺷﺎع اﻹﺑداﻋﻲ‪ .‬طﺎﻟﻊ ﺷﺮوط اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام ﻟﻠﺗﻔﺎﺻﻳل‪.‬‬

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