Professional Documents
Culture Documents
B. Learning Content
Chant
The Ifugaos observe a social ritual where the mettle of the young men of the community
is put to test. Done usually after the camote cuttings have been planted, the ceremony involves a
sham battle-using stones, instead of sharp weapons – between groups of young men. It is believed
that the warriors who suffer the most bruises from such a battle will reap a rich harvest of
camotes; the bigger the bumps on the head they sustain, the bigger the camotes. As the fight goes
on the cheerers, composed of women, children, and older men chant the following song. Its words
do not mean anything at all, but it is used to taunt the participants. (Arciaga, Azarcon, Ceniza,
Literature of the Philippines)
Bagbagto (Cordillera)
Bag-bag-to, bag-bag-to lambik
Tulambik, tulambawikan
Bawikan, bawikalanay
Kalanay, kalanapunay
Napunay, napunayagta
Nayagta, nayagtakumpa
Takumpa, takumpaya-aw
Paya-aw, paya-atimbaw
Atimbaw, atingawistan
Gawistan, gawistannabu
Tanabu, tanabuga-ay
Buga-ay, buga-ay madon…
AND BEFORE THE coming of the Spaniards? What literature could we produce as evidence of
our lifestyles? The Bagbagto stands out as one. Hereunder, I present the first five lines – with
analyses in contemporary Igudut language(s).
Bagbagto, bagbagtolambik ( tolambik which means “to roll over”)
Tolambik, tolambawikan ( bawikan which must be a noun common for animals which does this
or that.)
Bawikan, Bawikalanai (Kala nai which suggests “here’s my weapon (e.g) take it”
Kalanai, Kalanayakta (Naayak et ya which means “am here, come on! fight me”)
Nayakta, Nayapayaw (Nay [di] apayaw [but] which warns: “but be careful, I might get you too!”)
Payaaw Paya astimbao (‘payaw [isunga] estem bao which states [but since we’re both here] do
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your best.”)
ALL AND ALL, the first five lines of Bagbagto sends forth a challenge to the enemy – re-
worded thus in English, as simply as can be done, to wit:
1st line: Let’s fight (or play) Bagbagto ~ that where we roll over when we are hit;
2nd line: When we roll over, hit, we’re like the Bawikan sleeping upside down;
3rd line: Here’s my weapon take it if you can;
4th line: But beware I am here [who holds it] and you too may instead be taken by me;
5th line: [So,] estem bao! Prepare, come on, en garde!
Folk Songs
Manang Biday (Ilokano)
Pamulinawen (Ilokano)
Refrain:
Essem nga diak malipatan ta nasudi unay a nagan,
Uray sadin ti ayan, lugar sadino man,
Aw-awagan di agsarday, ta naganmo kasam-itan.
No malagipka, pusok ti mabang-aran.
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Aywen, biagko, indengam man.
Iyasasokko nga inaldaw
Ta diak to a kayat ti sabali nga imnas
Sika laeng, o, biagko, ita ken uray tanemman
No malagipka, pusok ti mabang-aran.
Refrain:
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Lumangoy si nonoy sa kalipong awon
Dai mahiling niya ang saiyang kailusyon.
Listen to it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWzwUqY0YL4
Dandansoy (Bisaya)
I suppose you are all familiar with this song most especially if you are from the Cordillera.
Listen to it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQSU4cACZ2k
There are many versions to this song so I don’t want to focus much on the lyrics. What I want you to read
is the history of the song which is posted on Bontoc Municipal Library Facebook Page written by Van
Bacwaden Galgala.
Just so you know, the original song is titled "Nan Layad En Sikhafan" and not "Nan Layad Nan
Likatan." The lyrics of the song were written by our great grandfather, Christopher Ngong-o
Oakes (circa 1917 during his bachelor days) of Bontoc, Mountain Province and sung to the
melody of "Love at Home" by John Hugh McNaughton which was a very popular song during
their time. The lyrics were translated to English by siblings Sofia Oakes Bacwaden and Estella
Oakes Felwa (daughters of Christopher Oakes) .
The song is a heartbreak song. It is about a love so deep and beautiful but when it ended, the
pain felt was just as deep. It is a song of despair and a lamentation of a love all past and gone
(nar-os cha am-in). The last stanza is a plea (to the maiden) for compassion (sumeg-ang ka man)
to rekindle the love (wedwechas fangonen ta) and be together in marriage (ta't ampay en
among ta, omafong ta'y chuwa).
Some accounts would say that the song was written by Christopher Oakes after getting
heartbroken when his relationship with a Bontoc lass failed. Some say that it was with a Bontoc
lass who later married a Mr. Claver while some would say that it was a Bontoc lass who later
married a Mr. Diaz. Nagwapo gamin kanu nan ikit mi ay nay sunga, kanan lola Sofia.
That (story above) was how I knew it too. However, according to my grandma Sofia, the song
was actually written by Christopher Oakes when an Ilokano friend of his, who was deeply in
love with a lass from Payag-eo, Sagada, was deeply heartbroken over the failed relationship.
The Payag-eo lass later on married then Assemblyman George Tait (his first wife). The lyrics
were mainly written by Christopher Oakes with some contributions by his then group of
friends. All these, I just learned awhile ago from my grandma Sofia.
Accordingly, the song was first sung in public in 1947 during the Bontoc Town Fiesta (1st
celebration of the the fiesta after the war) by a group of high school boys led by now Atty. Jaime
Gomez along with Antonio Yawan. Grandma Sofia remembers her dad (Christopher Oakes)
dictating to them the lyrics of the song from memory.
Per grandma Sofia's recount, the song was again sung in public, this time in 4 voices as taught
by Mrs. Saboy, by a group representing Blocks 1 and 2 (Chakchakan area) which included Mr.
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Chaokas during one of the popular Community Nights annualy held in All Saints Mission
School (grandma cannot recall the year.)
The song was later on recorded and popularized by Mr. Pedro Chinalpan as "Nan Layad Nan
Likatan" changing the melody of the first line of the chorus. More recordings and renditions of
the song were made such as that popularized by Lourdes Gomeyac (then popularly known as
Lourdes Fangki) and that of the Pe'tune Band of which our cousins Janus Carlo Ananayo and
Brax Felwa Domatog, great grandsons of Oakes, were members.
Now why do we sing the 'Layad' in weddings? It is not actually the original song "Nan Layad
En Sikhafan" (First and second image) which is supposed to be sung during weddings. Our
grandmother Sofia came out with another version of the song (third photo), tweaking the lyrics
making it appropriate for weddings hence titled "Layad Ta'y Chachama." She came out with the
lyrics for our cousin's, (her first granddaughter) Zenith Rose Bacwaden Dalog’s wedding to
Clarence Dalog on April 9,1999 where it was first sung. Thus, that’s the version that should
be sung during weddings - the happier, more positive one that speaks of eternal love. This was
also the version sung during my wedding on June 2018 as requested by the grandma directed
by cousin Zenith, the ASC choir director (for those who were wondering then ).
Danum by Salidummay
Listen to it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khONPdsjr58
Note: Let us all be a ‘danum’. I hope you find inspiration from this song to keep on going like the water
no matter what is going in our own crazy world. Let us all find our own will to keep on flowing.
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Salawikain (Proverb)
Ambahan ni Ka Bestreng Kutsero (o mga Tagulaylay at Bulaybulay sa Kahirapan ni Rio Alma )
(Region 3)
Note: Tagulaylay means monotonous way of singing or peaceful singing and bulaybulay means
meditation.
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At aanhin pa ang damo…
Oy, sa gabi ng tagtuyot,
Paghiga mo’t walang kumot
Natutulog ka sa lungkot
Nagigising ka sa poot!
Aanhin pa ang kutsero
Kung patay na ang negosyo?
Aanhin pa ang negosyo
Kung patay na ang kabayo?
Aanhin pa ang kabayo
Kung patay na ang damuho!
Riddles
Aeta Riddles (Region 3)
Muminuddukam
A ningngijjitam.
Filipino translation: May korona pero hindi reyna
May kaliskis pero hindi isda.
Ajar tangapakkingnga niuk
Awayya ipagalliuk.
Filipino translation: Kapag hiniwa mo,
Naghihilom nang walang pilat.
Assini nga pinasco ni Apu
Nga magismagel yu uluna.
Filipino translation: Isang kuwebang may itak sa loob
Puno ng buto pero hindi libingan.
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Nakalitaw and pusod.
Poems
Liham ni Pinay Mula sa Brunei (NCR)
by Elynia Ruth S. Mabanglo
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Ito lamang ang sagot,
Bayaang lalaki ang maglaba ng kumot.
Bonsai (Region 7)
by Edith Tiempo
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Till seashells are broken pieces
From God’s own bright teeth,
And life and love are real
Things you can run and
Breathless hand over
To the merest child.
C. Learning Activities
True or False Questions (20 points)
Make sure you are logged in to your pcc.edu.ph account.
If you have understood already your learning content then you may proceed to the 4th
learning activity posted or assigned in your Google Classroom.
Do not forget to submit or turn-in your answers.
Do not forget also to mark your activity as done.
D. Resources
http://www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph/ethnos.asp?mode=archives/2009/september/9-27-
2009/ethnos.txt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nc2cLyZmEJA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=na09LxbeCg0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zkg7hZ32Qf4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVZgJGC8u2k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWzwUqY0YL4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9djatNd2hA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQSU4cACZ2k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khONPdsjr58
https://web.facebook.com/485923715433/posts/d41d8cd9/10163270425445434/?_rdc=1&_rdr
E. Assessment
Poetry Writing (20 points)
Make sure you are still logged in to your pcc.edu.ph account.
If you are done already with your learning activity then you may now proceed to your
assessment posted or assigned in your Google Classroom.
Do not forget to submit or turn-in your answers.
Do not forget also to mark your assessment as done.
Encode your own created poem in Assessment 4 form on your Google Classroom.
Make sure that you are going to observe some literary elements that you have read
from your modules in creating your own work of poetry.
Your poem can be written in Kankanaey, Ilocano, Filipino or English. If you are
going to use another language like Ibaloi or Korean please provide an English
translation so your instructor can understand it.
Your poem should be 4 stanzas or more and each stanza has to have three verses or
more.
F. References
Arciaga, M.L., Azarcon, T.S. Ceniza, E.L. Literature of the Philippines. Baguio, Saint
Louis University.
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