Professional Documents
Culture Documents
compartments
Outline
• Overview of edema
Body water content
• TBW -Total amount of water in body
• 42L in a 70kg health adult
• varies with age and sex
• Infants: 73% (low body fat, low bone mass)
• Adult males: ~60%, females: ~50% water
• Water content declines to ~45% in old age
Fluid intake and output
• Interstitial:
surrounds cell. Is the location of most ECF; ¾. Contains little or no protein
• Transcellular :
within specialized body cavities e.g. CSF, synovial, pleural.
Composition of body fluids
• Water and solids
• Solids; organic and inorganic substances
• Organic; Glucose, amino acids and other proteins, fatty acids and
other lipids, hormones and enzymes
• Inorganic; Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3, phosphate and sulfate
ECF Vs ICF composition
ICF
Cations: Anions:
HPO4 (50)
Na+ (14)
HCO3- (10)
K+ (140) SO4 (10)
Mg2+ (20) Cl- (4)
Nutrients:
High concentrations of proteins.
Movement of fluid btn compartments
• Difference btn relative osmolarity →fluid shifts
• Fluid shifts end at eqbm
• At eqbm, a new steady-state is achieved
• Changes in osmolarity typically affect the ECF first;
- compartment directly in contact with outside envt
- Solutes and water can be added to it from GI tract
- can be subtracted from it by action of kidneys
- loss from perspiration, breathing, and the feces
Water balance and ECF Osmolarity
• Water intake must = water output = ~ 2500 ml/day
• Water intake: beverages, food, and metabolic water
• Water output: urine (60%), insensible water loss (lost through skin
and lungs), perspiration, and feces
Measurement of fluid volume
• TBW and the volume of different compartments of the body fluids are
measured by indicator dilution method or dye dilution method.
Indicator dilution method
• A known quantity of a substance such as a dye is
administered into a specific body fluid compartment.
• These substances are called the marker substances or
indicators.
• After administration into the fluid compartment, the
substance is allowed to mix thoroughly with the fluid.
• Then, a sample of fluid is drawn and the
concentration of the marker substance is determined.
• Radioactive substances or other substances whose
concentration can be determined by using
colorimeter are generally used as marker substances
Formula of IDM
• Quantity of fluid in the compartment is measured using the formula;
𝑴
V=
𝑪
Where;
• V = Volume of fluid in the compartment.
• M = Mass or total quantity of marker substance injected.
• C = Concentration of the marker substance in the sample fluid
• However this is not so accurate (some fluid is lost in urine)
Fomula for IDM
• Correction factor, (to cater for loss in urine)