leqcia XIII

didmaliani sazogadoebrivi Senobebis

konstruqciuli gadawyveta.

sazogadoebriv SenobebSi, sadac gegmarebiTi TvalsazrisiT araa gaTvaliswinebuli

Sualeduri sayrdenebi: kedlebi da svetebi, gadasaxuravad gamoiyeneba didmaliani
konstruqciebi. magaliTad, samayureblo da sportul darbazebSi, sportul auzebSi, daxurul
bazrobebSi, sagamofeno pavilionebSi da a.S. amgvar konstruqciaTa dasamzadeblad
gamoiyeneba iseTi masalebi, rogoricaa: maRali klasis betoni, armocementi, winaswar
daZabuli armatura rkinabetonis konstruqciebSi, maRali simtkicis foladi, alumini da sxva
Senadnobebi.

didmaliani konstruqciebi, imisda mixedviT Tu ra masala gamoiyeneba maT

dasamzadeblad, iyofa or jgufad: xisti masalisagan damzadebuli konstruqciebi, magaliTad
betoni, liToni, xe, plastmasebi da moqnili konstruqciebi. es ukanaskneli iyofa kidev or
jgufad: dakiduli, magaliTad trosebi an Txeli liTonis furclebi da rbili, magaliTad
qsovilebi an sinTetiuri apkebi.

muSaobis statikuri pirobebis mixedviT ganasxvaveben xisti didmaliani

konstruqciis or jgufs: sibrtyiTs da sivrciTs.

xisti sibrtyiTi didmaliani konstruqciis yvela mzidi elementi muSaobs mxolod

vertikalur sibrtyeSi da gadascemen datvirTvebs svetebs an kedlebs. aseTebs
ganekuTvnebian: koWebi da wamweebi anu fermebi. maT mier gadasaxurav sivrces
mali ewodeba, xolo ewyobian isini, rogorc wesi, erTi da igive manZilis daSorebiT rasac
biji ewodeba. am SemTxvevaSi Senobis saxuravis mowyoba xdeba rkinabetonis filebis
an fenilebis meSveobiT.

xisti sibrtyiTi didmaliani konstruqciis Semdeg saxes warmoadgens: CarCo,

TaRi da kamara. amgvari konstruqciebi garda vertikaluri datvirTvebisa warmoSobs
gambrjen horizontalur Zalvebs. amasTan isini gamoricxaven svetebisa da mzidi kedlebis
arsebobis aucileblobas da amdenad ufro ekonomiurni arian.

sivrciT xist didmalian konstruqciaTa mzidi elementebi muSaoben ori an sami

mmarTulebiT. aseTebs ganekuTvnebian: gadamkveT-Rerovani da gadamkveT-
wibovani sistemebi, aseve Txelkedliani garsebi, rogorebicaa erTmagi da ormagi
simrudis garsebi, nakecebi, karvisebri konstruqciebi da yvela saxis gumbaTi. masalis
xarjis Semcirebis gamo amgvari konstruqcia ufro ekonomiuria vidre sibrtyiTi da rac ufro
didia gadasaxuravi mali, miT ufro didia ekonomia vertikaluri sayrdeni elementebis
ricxvis Semcirebis xarjze. samagierod, sagrZnoblad rTuldeba samSeneblo warmoebis
teqnologia, izrdeba xarji qargilebis mowyobasa da armaturis winaswar daZabvaze.
 garda zemoT moyvanili xisti konstruqciebisa, arseboben agreTve gadaxurvis moqnili
didmaliani konstruqciebi. amgvaria, magaliTad kiduli da rbili anu pnevmatikuri
gadaxurvis konstruqcia.

kidul konstruqciebSi ZiriTad mzid elements warmoadgens Wimvaze momuSave trosi

anu vanti, romelzedac Seikidebian an lagdebian gadaxurvis filebi. zogierT SemTxvevaSi
amgvari konstruqcia SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc sibrtyiTi. magaliTad trosebisgan
Semdgari wamwe mowyobili or svetze.

moqnil didmalian konstruqcias ganekuTvneba ageTve pnevmatikuri konstruqcia,

romelic pirvelad gamoyenebul iqna mSeneblobaSi wina saukunis 40-ian wlebSi.
transportabelurobis, simsubuqisa da montaJis siswrafis gamo maT meti gamoyeneba
hpoves droebiT mSeneblobaSi. esaa gasaberi, sinTetiuri qsovilisgan Seqmnili
konstruqcia haeris damWirnxi mowyobilobiT, romelic haeris gamoSvebis Semdgom
SeiZleba daikecos an daixves gadasatanad. misi masa Seadgens 0,5-3 kg/kv.m.

sibrtyiTi didmaliani konstruqciebi. CarCoebi, TaRebi da kamarebi.

CarCovani gadaxurvis sistemis upiratesoba wamwe-koWovanis mimarT

mdgomareobs SemdegSi: CarCos rogorc konstruqciul elements gaaCnia sakuTari sixiste
da SenobaSi TviTon asrulebs ganivi sixistis kavSiris rols. amasTan mcirdeba Senobis
gadaxurvis mzidi elementis simaRle, magaliTad wamwes an koWs cvlis CarCos
horizontaluri elementi - rigeli. CarCo sruldeba or an sam saxsrovani an saZirkvelSi
xistad Camagrebuli. CarCoebi saZirkvlebSi iwveven ganmbjen Zalvebs, amitom iatakis
qveS sayrdenebs aerTeben mWimebiT.

rkinabetonis CarCo SeiZleba iyos xisti CamagrebiT an orsaxsrovani, rigelis sruli

an ortesebri ganivi kveTiT, erTi an mravalmaliani. 30-40 m-iani malis SemTxvevaSi
rigelis simaRle Seadgens malis 1/20, xolo winaswar daZabuli armirebisas aRwevs –
malis 1/25. isini SeiZleba iyvnen monoliTuri an anakrebi. anakrebis SemTxvevaSi
elementebis gadabma unda moxdes iq, sadac naklebia mRunavi momenti. xistad
Camagrebuli CarCos dgarisa da rigelis kveTis simaRle mudmivia. saxsrovani CarCos
SemTxvevaSi dgarisa da rigelis ganivkveTebis simaRleebi mcirdeba saxsrebisken.

liTonis CarCoebi xuraven ufro did malebs vidre rkinabetonis. misi rigeli SeiZleba iyos
sruli an cxauris formis kveTiT, rac amcirebs konstruqciis masas. malis gazrdisas 60
metramde, cxaurisebri formis rigelis simaRlea malis 1/20-1/25, xolo sruli kveTis rigelis
SemTxvevaSi misi simaRle aRwevs malis 1/25-1/30.

xis CarCoebi sruldeba samsaxsrovani. xis koWebis msgavsad Selursmuli an

Sewebebuli. 24 metramde malebis gadasaxuravad. misi rigelis simaRlea malis 1/12-1/15.

TaRebi muSaobis principis mixedviT identuria CarCosi. arsebobs: xisti, or da

samsaxsrovani TaRi, mWimiT da umWimod saZirkvlebis doneSi. CarCosgan
gansxvavebiT TaRebSi ganmbjeni Zalvebi SeiZleba Caqres kontrforsuli kedlebis an xisti
miSenebis meSveobiT. TaRovani Senobis sixiste grZivi mimarTulebiT miiRweva
maTze mowyobili grZivebiTa da filebiT (ganivi mimarTulebiT TviT TaRia xisti).

rkinabetonis TaRi sruldeba sruli ganivkveTis an cxauris formis. TaRis simaRlis

Sefardeba malTan Seadgens 1/2½- 1/4 paraboluri formis SemTxvevaSi da 1/4¼- 1/8 -
wriuli formis. sruli ganivkveTis mqone TaRis mzidi elementis simaRle Seadgens 1/30 –
1/40 malisa, xolo cxauris tipis - 1/25 – 1/30 malisa. TaRebze xistad damagrebuli
gadaxurvis filebi qmnian cilindrul garss da unarCuneben TaRovan sistemas sixistes
grZivi mimarTulebiT.

liTonis TaRebi ganivkveTis tipiT sruldeba analogiurad rkinabetonisa, Tumca sruli

tipis ganivkveTis simaRle malTan SefardebaSi meryeobs 1/50 – 1/80, xolo cxauris tipis
ganivkveTis SemTxvevaSi 1/30 – 1/60.

xis TaRebi, sruldeba ortesebri kveTis Selursmuli da marTkuTxa kveTis

Sewebebuli. pirvel SemTxvevaSi TaRebi sruldeba samsaxsrovani namglisebri
konfiguraciis, meoreSi – orsaxsrovani cilindruli, mWimebiT. TaRis simaRlis
Sefardeba malTan meryeobs 1/2 – 1/6, TaRis kveTis simaRlis Sefardeba malTan ki –
1/20 – 1/30. Selursmuli TaRis malis sigrZe aRwevs 24 metrs, Sewebebulis – 40 metrs..

klasikuri kamara, romelic mravladaa SemorCenili romanul, goTikur da aseve qarTul

arqiteqturaSic, agebulia soliseburad gaTlili bunebrivi qvisgan. aguris kamaras formas
aZlevs nakeri da igi SeiZleba iyos naxevarwriuli, elifsuri, Seisruli an sxva formis. bolo
dros kamara sruldeba rkinabetonis da konstruqciuli TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens e.w.
gardamaval konstruqcias sibrtyiTidan sivcriTisken. arsebiTad esaa erTmaneTTan
mijriT midgmuli TaRebis sistema, romelic iTavsebs Tavis TavSi, rogorc mzid ise
SemomzRudav funqciebs. igi TaRis msgavsad cdilobs gaSlas da amdenad warmoSobs
ganmbjen Zalvebs. Tanamedrove kamara sruldeba monoliTuri, mcocavi qargilebis
meSveobiT, rac arTulebs, aZvirebs da axangrZlivebs mSeneblobas.