2019- WOFKDOOK @| Detailed Explanations of a Try Yourself Questions Mechanical Engineering Heat TransferConduction Detalled Explanation of Try Yourself Questions Deed Heat flux throughout the system Ty) = 1000 Wim? ¥ Sa La 3 8 WV gel /h= 500 Wim? % = heh b= T+ a 9, Sat T= Tye eae DO ae ee er L= 20m, k= 20 Wim'G, T, = 50°C, h = 500 Wim?-K, gg = 100 Wim? = 4% = 50412 5, Ty = Tot P= 804 2 = 5042 Ty g wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © Copyright )MADE EASY Workbook eb T= Tye Go 50 1000 , 100030.02 ht k 500 * 20 20 = 8042420 531 + +50 33°C i R it Tso" R is oi aw qn oA Re RR 2R, + Re 0.01 = = 0,0104167 x10" Ra = (axax.12)x107 Rep = 8.05 __ -.0,0390625 x10" (84.04) x10" 0.05 . = 288 __- 01862510" Fo = Soxax.axio> * 1 ___ 02778 x10° TEx(4x.06)x<10° O41 3 SEAS Aa = 0.0625 x 10° Re = 35x (4x.06)x10 * 0.08 Re = Dx(4x ta) = 0.0625 T= 900°C r= 200° oA A Aa 0.0104167.10' 0.00851«10' 0.008224«10' 0.0625.10" T-T, 400 A, (0.0104167 + 0.00651+ 008334 + 0.0625) x 10° 4 = 4558W (b) Temperature drop across F ar a= R AT = q x Rp= 4.558 x 62.5 = 284.875°C (© copyright MADE ERSY wor madeeasypublications org )4 Mechanical Engineering © Heat Transfer MADE EASY Pome T,, = 200°C, T_ = 15°C, h = 20 Wim?-k, K = 60 Wim-K A= zxt= 0,02 m? P= 224) =204m m= iP fn a 5.83/m = VhpkAxtanhmLx(Ty -T.) = 910.95kW Assuming uninsulated tip for the fin Peery = 0.1 m, T, = 500°C T, = 20°C h= 90 Wim? -K 50x38 = 7.407 x 104 pVE ~ 2700x05x900~ “407 * T-20 exp (-7.407 x 10~ x 100) Faq = ex 7.407 x 10 x 100) T = 466°C T220 e=20, U 4 " Fao = *P 7407 x 10-4 300) T = 404.36°C Poesy Heat dissipate 480 x 10° N ‘exp (-7.407 x 10 x 500) 351.43°C A, = 049mm? be 12mm 0.7 mm Heat dissipated by fins Q = nQ,,/PRRA, tanh(ml) fn = number of fins Q, = 70-30 = 40°C P = 2(07407)=28mm 0.48 = ny(2.8x10%)x 12x 170x 0.49 10° x 40 tanh(m) www.madeeasypublications org MADE ERSY © Copyright |MADE EASY Workbook 5 mm [RP [12x2.8x10% KA, V170x 0.49 10% (2.8 x 12x 170 x 0.49.x 10°) x 40 tanh(20.08 x 12 x 101 20.084 mr" n= 0:950785 _ _ 30.235-31 V2.8x10% : , « —mC— = hA(T-T_ mer (T-T) aT A oa at mo! -) aT bA = --4 fat ler sul For copper sphere, M = 3kg p = 8950kgim? Gy = 0.383 kuikg"C Ve M L395x104 > fa < s95et0* Characteristic length (© copyright MADE ERSY wowmadeeasypublcations.org6 Mechanical Engineering © In(o.s64) = 3318 = (= Heat Transfer hx 3600 ~ 9950 x 0.283 x0.144 729h 0.04544 Wim? 45.44 Wim?-K 018 m, T, = 800°C o),, =O (Insulated at inner surface) CY | Temperature profile in cylinder is given by At At ° From equation (i) T T = t+ Cylnt+ Cp 0) 2 + Cyln(0.012) + Cp iy nat S40 2K 500x10°x 0.012, C 2055 012 65.45 500 x 10°/? acogs + ObMbINT + 532.73 22727272 x 12 + 65.45 Inv + 632.73 at ret T = -227272.72 x (0.018)? + 65.45 In 0.018 + 532.73 = 196.16°C T = 196.160 1 MADE ERSY © copyright) ( wwrwmadeeasypublications orgHeat Exchanger @ Detalled Explanation 4 di Try Yourself Questions Deed (@) LMTD method: The rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger is found as Q = [196 (Top Tllvarer 1.2 (4.18) (90-30) = 301 kW ‘The outlet temperature of geothermal fluid is determined as 301 Ty = 201 = 125.10°¢ ox = 9-903) Therefore AT, = 160-90= 70°C AT, = 125.10-30=95.10°C 70-96.10 TD = —O= 98.10 95 940 ane IMID = Thro 796.10) °° ce Q___301x10" i Hence A= Glimrb) ~ Gooy(ersy ~ 1 ™ To provide this surface area, the length ofthe tube required is found as A 62 Lx Sie sop plzeezm (b) NTU Method: We first determine:the heat-capacity-rates of the-hot and cold fluids to identify the smaller value of the two. Gy = myc, = 2(4.31) = 8.62 KW G, = 2(4.18) = 5.02 KW Therefore, Gin = Ge = 5.02 KIC and © = Cyril Cay = 5.0218.62 = 0.583 Q 301.00 ~ Galtnn=Ten) ~ 502(160-30) ~°4°" © copyright MADE EASY wonwmadeeasypublications org8 Mechanical Engineering © Heat Transfer Now we determine the value of NTU by making use of the expression of NTU for a counterflow heat exchanger from equation. e-1 = ou eee mu ees) seer" (seo UA We know NU = ¢. or A= U Henee, L = 12987m NTU-Gyn _ 0.731(6.02% 10") 0.461-1 ) = 9701 = 6.12 m2 600 Therefore, we find that the same result is obtained in both the methods, % Ine fe, te le, Te, Heat lost by the system = 25000, TriPig)aossrc + FA, — hy) = Jap0 12560 + 4.18(82.55 - 25)] = 17.997 x 10° kW Heat gained by cooling medium = MyCy(Toe ~ Te) Now, MyCy(Too- Tex) = 17.997 x 108 KW ia 17.997 x 10° © (4.18) 25-15 = 43055 kaisee Now, using LMTD method 0, = 3255-25=7.55°C 0, = 25-15 = 10°C 8,8) _ 7.55-10 Now 8m = Fa) ( nf 21) iy 8 10 So, Mass flow rate, m= VA,xp a www.madeeasypublications org MADE EASY =8.72 © Copyright |MADE EASY Publications m = A= tp Total cross-sectional area for water flow is 43 = A088 e Al = Faqo00 = 04308 m¥ Cross-sectional area per tube FxUt9 10° ~ (21.2% 10°)P 2.16 x 104m? No ottabes = =24808 1999 2.16 x 107 Q = FAUe,, 17.997 x 10° 086 1993 x nx 0.019x10x8.72 2017m Length _ 2.017 Saye = BSE = 101m So, MADE EASY MADE ERSY Heaton WorkbookRadiation Detalled Explanation of Try Yourself Questions @ _ off-t) A AR Here A, = A, = A, and Ris the equivalent resistance of the thermal network ep= 0.75, e=0.70 By summation rule of view factors: aa + Fay + Fan = 1 Fz, = 0 (in consideration of furnace surfaces to be plane) From symmetry Fa = Fan Hence, Fay = Fag = 0.5 Again from the reciprocity relation, F,_ Again Henee, ‘As we know, Therelore wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © Copyright )MADE EASY Workbook 11 2 A pw on 0428 a(ts0y' in 1-078, __1__ , 88 _ a 09 kw 075 “oss(@s2" 07 Q _ 5.67x10"(100 A~ 208 26.72 x 108 Wim? 2 7,100 k 1,=500K e:-05 ey=025 @ 4 _ __o(f-T') _§.67x10* x(1000* - 500*) a” Fa Fe 34141 ig. 2 4= 10631.25 wins? ot 4 ~ i963; KH A= 10684 Te ©) a oft -7:) A” ret (fe (S wire & Fy Le el] Fs 2214.843 Wim? kW 4 me 2.24 | © Copyright 5.67 x(1000" -500*)x 10" B+te9404+1 wowmadeeasypublcations.org12 | Mechanical Engineering © Heat Transfer MADE EASY ———Punlientone () alo o2t4e = 5.67 x 10% x(1000'-T*) 34149 T = 837.59K MADE EASY MADE ERSY ubConvection Detalled Explanation of Try Yourself Questions T1 : Solution 24 L(pgaT) a we Grashott's number, os 8 1s0'e 2 Tyeay = 875°C = L-2 a y 2)1.6x 10% msec B= AT = Gy - BX2TIX103 x9.81X125 _ 4 964, 1911 (16x10 Nu = 0.15 (GrPyt® ht Fe = 0-15 (0.69x 1,061 x 10")1 = 627.59 2 he SBESOH SISA IO™ = 9.82 Wim?-K Heat Transfer = h(2A) AT =9182 x (2x4) «125 = 98200 Air at 25°C — temperature = 25°C - velocity = 25 misec 8 length = 2m Ce width = 1m Z se density p = 1.2 kgim® — 2m © copyright MADE EASY wonwmadeeasypublications org14 v P Reynold number Mechanical Engineering © Heat Transfer 15x 10° m/s 0.69 VL _ 25x2 = 28x? = 3.33 x 108 T7 Texio® 7 3:99988.83 = 3.83 x 10 So flow is laminar as R, <5 x 108 Boundary layer thickness = 8 = 8 3 Now z a 8 4 5 8 8 8 Now shear stress . G Total drag force Grashofts number, ( wwrwmadeeasypublications org R,, 5x2 333,38.88 (eye = 0.01732m (0.69)"* 0.88 0.01732 088 0.0196m 1.96cm c(t) 1.328 _ 28x 10% G( Zot) 23x10>(431 2x28!) axe = 001725N = 315K = 385K 3154885 _ gen 2 — EBgat _ D%pgat 15cm vy ¥ a5K _ (1.5x 10?) x2.86x 10? x9.81x (385-315) ~ (2.076x 10>)? = 159798 MADE ERSY © Copyright |MADE EASY Workbook | 45 Na = 240.43 (Gr Pr) = 240.43 (15379.8 x 0,697)" = 6.375 4 | 6a75 ce p= 8875x008 19 75 wimek 15x10 Q = (4nr)xhx(aN) = (4m x (0.75 x 104)*) x 12.75 x (385-315) Q = 0631W Given: V= 30 m/s, d= 25 mm = 0.025 m, T,, = 280°C, T,, = 20°C. 9.046 Rep? K = 38.45 x 10° WimK, ¢, = 10268 kkaK, p = 0.7306 kgim®, u = 26.17 x 10 kgim-s pVD _, 0.7306 x30 0,025 = 260°C, f= Rey = 20988 Po 2 2617x108 Re, > 2300, So p= 0046 =6.20x10" (20938) 0. Sa (9 at (Pn? = Seals ==) w= —\ 21 _, _6.44x 10% (xtoxcgass) 38.45 x 10% by, ey) (Sh wl fh, = 6.44 x 10% x 0.7306 x 30 x 1028.8 fh = 144.27 Wim? 2a0°¢ ps =20°¢ 260°C = 2606 2ore Cann MADE EASY wor madeeasypubliations.org)Mechanical Engineering © 16 LTD Q= hALMTD Pumping power, P Hy, Hy P Heat Transfer 93.57°C hA-LMTD = rhea PAV 0, AT 0.7806 x 5 x 0.025? x 30% 1026.8 240 144.92 93.57 0.1955 m? mdi 0.1955 4, xx0.005 49m pg@h,and Q= AV 4ilv? _ 4x6.29x 10° x2.49x 30? 2gd 2x 9.81x 0.025 114.95m 0:7306 x 9.81 x © x 0.025% x 30x 114.95 4 P = 12.13Wpertube T= 25°C, Ty, Pr = 0.68, Gr Nu Nu AL. K 627.9x3.13x 107 p 2 Q Q Q a www.madeeasypublications org _ 1 1 2meot (22™)+273 98 Tm 1 BATE | 9B Ix gang 125x2 vw (16x 1057 O(GrP I)" = 0.15 (GrPr)” 0,19(1.063 x 10" x 0.69)" = 627.9 e279 9.83 Wim?K 2x RAAT. 2x 9.83 x 4x 125 9826 5194 9.82 kW 7 MADE ERSY (heat transfer from both side) © Copyright |