MADE EASY 2 0 23 WworkbO0K @| Detailed Explanations of a Try Yourself Questions Mechanical Engineering Heat Transfer bs GE] MADE EASYConduction Detalled Explanation 9 of Try Yourself Questions emperatute profile in cylinder is given by -gP? T ae Cylnr+ Cp Oo} at sore s 500 x 10° x (0.012) c. 500 = eee + Gn{0.012) + Cp G,-442.0, = 532.73 (iy At rar, Teo -800x10x0.012, 2x055 0012 wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Detailed Explanations of Try Yourself Questions: ESE + GATE 2023 3 C, = 65.45 G = 822019 500 x 10°)? T arose + O-45inr + 822.019 T = -227272.72 x r? + 65.45 Inr + 822.019 at re T = -227272.72 x (0.018)? + 65.45 In 0.018 + 822.019 = 485.44°C Given: Two different layers of materials A(fire brick) and (85% magnesia). “25mm 40 mm magnesia Feri Bo Wik y= 0.37 Wik Convective heat transfer for outer surface, h= 10 wim? Fa = 06m Iga = 0.6 +0.125 = 0.725 m Fig = 0.725m Ing = 0.725 +0.04 = 0.765m Assume temperature of outer surface is T,, Consider the element of radius rand thickness dr. Heat transfer through this element, Q = al ir Integrating, = Thermal resistance of hemisphere, R= a a © Copyright MADE EASY won madeessypublcations org4 Mechanical Engineering © Heat Transfer Total thermal resistance, etka Lia Fg, = 0.4043 KW Heat transfer betwoen insides of oven and surroundings, 1073-293 0.4043 Also, temperature al contact of two layer = Te Outside temperatur Also, = OR + Ty = 788.31 K =515.431°C = Panera T = 120~100x + 24x? + 40x? 0x4 ST yovoro = 197 axe ao Rate of heating or cooling aT ar a * ‘ocation for maxima. 2(2) aclar} = ° 240-720" = 0 aE www.madeeasypublications.org MADE EASY Publications Publications 1 | 1], 2nkelia foe] NAy 1929.26 W = 1.929 kW ~ 2 kW 500 mm © Copyright)MADE EASY Detailed Explanations of Try Yourself Questions: ESE + GATE 2023 5 Poway Frecay Distomte Red bick Te Ki] & | m& IA t + +9 q - T,b,8 ~ KAT kA” kA 1 4 OAT, 0.08025 ~ O11, by 094013’ 07 gaqtor L, = 0873=57.30m od t= 150 mm, k= 15 wimk AT-T.) _ 500%(100-20) o 4 = “0.180 0.150 = 0.267 x 108 Wim? k TX) = a+ be + cx? 7 X=0 T(0) 00°C, T_ = 20°C, h= 500 Wim?-K at X=0, T, = 100" 7 100 = a+0+0, (a= 100) + al OX), = x20 eb bs 2x =0 b + 20(0.15) = 0 4030 = 0 (il) For steady state, = AT-T.) = 500 x (100-20) MADE EASY woramadeeasypubliations.ora)Mechanical Engineering b b 2.67 x 10° + 0.36 Since it is mentioned long rod, Heat Transfer 266.67 x 10 2.67 x 10° kim a 8.9.x 108 kim h=20 T= 140, T,= 100 Kx0.03 K= Given data; Kiniess steel = For infinitely long rod, { worwmadeeasypublications org 18 Wik 14Wim-k 5mm 0 rc 50 Wime-K. 5.36 MADE ERSY d=008 ay=m 0.48 Aii) © Copyright )MADE EASY Detailed Explanations of Try Yourself Questions: ESE + GATE 2023 Publiestions m [PP [Boxmxo008 XA Viax% x0.008" 53.45 5.38 za 5.36 S58 = 0.10027 m= 100.27 mm 53.45 if rod is made of copper, 350Wim-K. n= E- RE YEA x™ 0,005 350 x 7 x 0.005" m = 1069 mL = 536 5.36 © = 70.6904 = VhPKA(T-T.) = [50% x 0.005 x14 x F 0.005" (100 ~ 30) = 102e54w Gogpar = VAPRA(T ~T.) = [501 x 0.005 x 350 x 7 0.005" x (100 - 30) = 5.1427 W 501.38 mm copper > Ieee © Copyright iS Soprist Publlaations MADE EASY ‘wwwmadeeasypublications.org |Heat Exchanger @ Detalled Explanation 4 di Try Yourself Questions Deed (@) LMTD method: The rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger is found as Q = [196 (Tog That 1.2 (4.18) (90-30) = 301 KW The outlet temperature of geothermal fluid is determined as 301 Typ = 160- 125.10" on = WO- Fe ayy Therefore, AT, = 160-90= 70°C ATy = 125.10-30=95.10°C 70-95.10 TD = 20=98.10 5, 949 and co Q goixtoh fence = SOO 612m Hen U(LmTD) ~ Teooy(er.9y ~ ° To provide this surface area, the length of the tube required is found as A __612 nD ~ (0.015) (b) NTU Method: We first determine the heat capacity rates of the hot and cold fluids to identify the smaller value of the two. L 129.87 m Gy = myc, = 2(4.31) = 8.62 KW G, = 2(4.18) = 5.02 KW Therefore, Gin = Ge = 5.02 KIC and © = Cyril Cay = 5.0218.62 = 0.583 Q 301.00 ~ Galtnn=Ten) ~ 502(160-30) ~°4°" wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Detailed Explanations of Try Yourself Questions: ESE + GATE 2023 9 Now we determine the value of NTU by making use of the expression of NTU for a counterflow heat exchanger from equation. e-1 1 0.4615 oh = inf 24818 =1_) _ mu ates) omen" sesso 97828 vA We know Mu = @ 0.7325(6.016x10" w A = NUGan _ 97825(8016710) 6 yo57 me U 00 = nx0015KL Hence, L = 129.95m Therefore, we find that almost same results obtained in both the methods, —— 18 —_— Asim UA, _1075x1 NTU = GE "age 4 982 U = 1075 Wime-k Gy = yoy = 0.1827 x 2000 = 305.4 Gyn = 305.4 G, = me, =0.361x 480 = 1508.98 1508.98 ¢, p= So 20.20 550 tiny = Sapp 70-1527 kgl soc 1300 = 18° -o361 fhe = 3gqp = 0:38tKa! sec CoAT 1-exp[-ATU(I-A)] Tna\Tne ~ *" 7=Roxp[-NTUC-A}] Cann MADE EASY woramadeeasypubliations.ora)10 | Mechanical Engineering © Heat Transfer MADE EASY eee een een pusicatone 1-exp[-3.52(1-0.2)] 0.2exp[ -3.52(1-0.2)] 10.0598 02x0.598 0982 Tyo = 20:372°C @ = tyCHLTw ~ Tho ]= 305.4[94- 20.372] = 22.486 KW — (omamadeensypubiatonsong MADE EASY | econ)Radiation Detalled Explanation of Try Yourself Questions F, 2 Fy = 0(in consideration of furnace surfaces to be plane) From symmetry, Fay = Fan Hence, Fay = Fan = 0.5 Again from the reciprocity relation, F,3 Again F, Henee, ‘As we know, Therelore © Copyright MADE EASY wowmadeeasypublications org12 Mechanical Engineering 41000)" io (a) (b) —EE www.madeeasypublications.org 033 Publications Heat Transfer paw or 0.428 (360) -075 0.75 8.67%10"(1000¢ 2.09 26.72 x 103 Wim? BIO T,= 1000 1,=500k ot |e.=05 50.25 _ 8.67 x10 x(19004 - 500*) S44 alo alo alo 5.67x( 1000" - 500*)x 10" Sie) 3et0494 141 & = 2o1a.24a win? 4 poyg A 2 = 22th MADE ERSY La Publentiona © Copyright)MADE EASY Detailed Explanations of ry Yourself Questions ESE+GATE2023 | 43 Publestions 4 _ _o(h-T) co A” te tte 6 Fe 17 x 10 x (1000 -T* zeraga = £:87%10" x(1000"-7") 34149 T = 837.59KConvection Detalled Explanation of Try Yourself Questions TI : Solution 2m 2 2 Grashott’s numer, or = Fboa7) 150°C v 2m e75C ° 2m 1.6 x 10% m/sec 4 1 = te = 2.77 x 10°5)K Bo T7308 ° AT = 150-25 = 125°C 10 1 Gy = BX2T7x 109 x9.81X125 _ 4 964 4911 (1.6 x 105)? Nu = 0.15 (GrPr)"® AL .: = 0.15(1.061 x 10" x 0.69)"* = 627.5 Fe = 0:15 (1,061 x 1017 0.69)" = 627.59 2 p= G27S9X313%107 59 wine. 2 Assuming heat transfer from both sides of the plate. Heat transferrate = h(2A) AT=9.82 x (2x 4) x 125 = 9820W Piney 2.181% 10° x 1.01108 p= aT = 0.694 pe — PML 0962x122 _ 5 0934 x 108 > 5x 10° K 2431x10 So, flow is turbulent at the end of the plate. Distance upto which flow is laminar (x, wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Publications Re, 5x 10 For laminar region, Nu hex 0.031 Forturiuulent region, Nu = o.2se( Detailed Explanations of Try Yourself Questions : ESE + GATE 2023 5x 108 = Pe rn 0.9620 x 12% x 2.43110 0.923m 0.332 ReY?priS 0.962% 12x.x)"? 3 cee 2.431x 10° } (0.694) 6.7067 ve 0.0296 Ref!SPr' 415 oa6ext2 | (0.694) 2.131% 10" 31.39 r Turbulent Laminar Average heat transfer coefficient, ii © Copyright ih. ides i h, +] Ih Pare | S| Looe ubllaations 15 ‘wwwmadeeasypublications.org )16 Mechanical Engineering © Heat Transfer -4 “2 = 22.20Wim?-k Poesy Internal force convection Boundary condition: Constant Heat Flux Case T,,(Bulk mean temperature of fluid) Atinlet, T,,;=0°C Atoutlet, T,, 9 = 50°C. Variation of Bulk Mean Temperature (T,) op Ty tL. linear with “! mo, = 50°C 1 1m:T, at x “no sore = 0704 TP yy ine, oP te, > Ty 0+50xx > T,,= 50x atx=02m, T= 10°C Am, T,=20°C(P) x=0.6m, T,=30°C (Q) x=08m,T,=40°C(R) r= 1,0m, T= 50°C When ow is thermally developed ‘h’ becomes constant From Newton's law of cooling, > =50 Publications [ex 6.7067 x 0.928"? +31.39x 8 x(2" -0. o234*)| gq” = MT,-T,) [7,> Surface temperature of pipe] > Tg- Tm = constant Difference between pipe surface and fluid temperature is constant when flow is thermally developed. Also, when flow is thermally developed, pipe surface temperature ‘T,' varies linearly, Now, given that, Tat location P, Q, R, Tgp = 50°C Tyg = 80°C Tea = 90°C Temperature difference between pipe surface and fluid, at P, Ty Ty, = 50-20 = 30°C 80-30 = 50°C 50°C at Q,T5- Ty at R, T= T, = 90-4 Publications aE | wonmadeeasypublations.org MADE EASY La © Copyright |MADE EASY Detailed Explanations of ry Yourself Questions: ESE +GATE2023 | 47 Now, itis clear that, from Qto R, T,—T,,i8 constant and 7, varies linearly. So, low is thermally developed and R al be 02m ane 02m atin 29a 2 be 02 no Pier Given: Height, L = 1.5, Wi Average temp {,,, = 90°C for p = 0.946 kgim®, k, = 0.0313 Wimk V = 22.10.x 10®m*s, C, = 1.009 ku/kg-K {te temp, t, = 180°C, Surrounding temp, t, = 30°C. Xoo x 120% 1.59 so Gg = spas _ 87915 9G% 12x18 ope ety v (22.10x 10%)? 273 + tang Gr = 2.24095 x 101° ere, Prandtl number, Pr = PR® = 0.67395 Ra = Grx Pr = 1.6110" As given Ny, = 059 (Ra 223 he = 80.562 x 0.59 = 206.832 hh = 4.316 Wim’ So rate of heat transfer from both the surfaces, d, = 28 mm, typ = 25°C, v= 2.1 mis Cann MADE EASY vwimadeeasypublationsor1g | Mechanical Engineering © Heat Transfer MADE EASY Publieatone Properties of water should be take at, - BHI y= Se a p= 1000 kgim? Specific heal = 4.183 ki/kg-X K = 59.78 x 10% Wimk Pr = 7.02 4,006 x 10% m%Js pvD_vD_ 210.023 mv 1,006 x 10° 48011.9284 > 2300 Re Flowis turbulent By using Dittus-Boelter equation, Nu = 0.023 Re®®. Pr? n= 0.4 for heating, Nu = 0,028 x (48011.9284)°# x 7.029 = 278.83 PP _ press a 7247.1554 Wim?k 8 x 7247.1654 = 9058,0442 Wimek Re Heat transfer per meter length of tube, 4 = Fi xDGyo-Tu) = 9058,9442 x x x 0.023 x (25-15) @ = 6545.6879 Wim amctiomticieran MADE EASY eae Publications