MADE EASY 2 0 23 Workbook | Detailed Explanations of a Try Yourself Questions Electronics Engineering Communication Systems bs GE) MADE EASYAmplitude Modulation @ Detalled Explanation wt Try Yourself Questions 11. Eo The signal St) = Agl1 4 pcos (wp !)] cos (0,1) The signal canbe represented as s(t) = Ro[ Ages ADH alert yg oni) Slang = [Aceh + ABH rn] ath = [0.0] (where, s{f)|, = the complex signal s(t) and s{f)|,, = the complex low pass equal of the signal s(t)) A Mee = Ac + Putting the conditions given in the questions we get: cos, + jsina,t|+ “2 fcose, —jsinogt on 3 1 — J8IN 2 op = Flersw, + jsino,t]+F[cosu, ~ jsinagt] lee Geoswnt = jg sinont) Acnviea = |(+ Zoos} a(Lenvn} | Expression for AM signal Vauld) = Ap costagt + Agm, COS(in, + Wn }t + AGM, COS, ~ Wp )t wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Detailed Explanations of Try Yourself Questions: ESE + GATE 2023 3 Publications m2 Also n= Ths = 40% 2am? or 0.8+04m2 = m2 m, = 1.184 B = Am, /2=8.16 Eso. 2 RO < x H aio C8 Fos a cz 1 vi-(0.5)? © AO" x2nx 25x10 0.5 Cs 1.1nF a x() = m(t) +cosw,¢ Kl) = Alm) + cosngt) + 10{ m*() + cos? w,t + 2m(jeosw,] Z 4m) + 10m" () + 4008.42 Beos2e,t+20mt}co80.t ater passing through fiter Hl) = 4cosw,t+20m(eose,t 4[1+5.m(d) coso,t n= 5xM 08 = 5xM 08 = 8.016 Mas — upnnnnea © Copyright MADE EASY womadeeesypublatonsorg) PubllaationsAngle Modulation Detalled Explanation a i Try Yourself Questions sol. Maximum instantenious frequency Kp f= Em) 10° fy) 95 x108 = +] 2) x 104 11595x108 = = (=) = (2) x10 ore (2) { (Ky) (2a) 2nx 1OHrtz/Volt Oradivelt Kyrt) S() = 10 cos [2m x 10% + 20nL4r()— Gt 1) + 2r(t- 291] wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Detailed Explanations of Try Yourself Questions: ESE + GATE 2023 5 Publestions ‘Standard FM expression is given by: s(t) = Accos|2nfet-+2mk,| mia] 2rk | mie = 20m (41 ~6r(t~ 1) + 2nt- 2)) Kym(t) = 10[4 Wt) 6u(t-1) + 2r(t-2)] Af = max|Ayn(t)| = 40 Hz Beg sot. Maximum frequency deviation Moa = [-nncase? waite) v2. 74. Eom Comparing the equation with he standard equation s) = Acosle,t + ky m40) K,m(t) = 0.1 sin(10°nt) mnt = 22sinto%as) ko 0.01 sin (10° nt) Similarly s(t) = Acos| et + KJ m(that ] KJm{Q) dt = 0.1 sin(10* xy _ 01 y 014x108 2 8 riot = Fog tO at) = Te coslt0"nt) = 10.008 (10° xt 5V. f= 100Hz} AS= kyA,= 1 kHz OV, f= 50 Hz } Af= 2 kHz Toget Af'= 30kHz frequiency multiplication factor should be 18 (a) BW = 218 + 1, B= kA, fae 2 Bw = ation h=11 ae ‘coupes, MADE EASY won madeessypublcations org ubllaationsElectronics Engineering © Communication Systems MADE EASY Publieatone LEA sol. p, = Aimar mio) 300.1 fo 1k W, = 2 (100+ 1) 1k = 202 kHz. By = Kynar {rm(O) 10x 1=10 BW, = 2(10 +1) 1k= 22 kHz Bandwidth required for channel = 202 + 22 = 224kHz i soi. The phase modulated signal can be given by, s(t) = A.cosl2mtt+ Kym{0] = ‘The instantaneous frequency of the modulated signal |.cos[0(0] 1 adit) _ 5 4 Ke amit) ~ 2x dt 0 en at sin(1000zt) Gi tt ‘= 100: 1000) V = 1002 ver nt sine( 10008) = 100 8EROn dim) _ 459] 1900ncos(1000z1) _sin(t000nt) at 1000nt 1000nt? Atte t ms dm(t) _ 100c0stn at 10% So, + e108) = 100-79*2 itis = 100-68 174 —EE www.madeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © copyriaht) Publications4 sot Given 88.5 MHz < f, < 108 MHz Also, or, fo = Where hoax = 0.54 1F 90+ IF 1105 41F = 2.126 = IF = Image frequency or Also 125 f= © Copyright Radio Receivers Detailed Explanation f Try Yourself Questions 10.8MHz 10.8 MHz + f, 10.8 + 88. 99.3 MHz 10,8 + 108 = 118.8 MHz 99.3 MHz - 118.8 MHz Crnax C, ff t fy HE& bin= hy HIF VTS = 1.204 90 x 1,204 + IF x 1.204 0.204 1F 10.42 MHz f+ 21F f+2x 1042 104.16 MHz www madeeasypublications.orgSampling and Pulse Code Modulation Detalled Explanation @) f Try Yourself Questions Step side A signal power (SNA), (SNA), wowwsmadeeasypublications org Nnf,=8x 10x 300 = 24000 Hz = 24 KHz 2A > (where R= number of bits) wR 2 A 2123 Ae Sen 2 ae 2") ‘lg 3.2'8)-18602n MADE EASY © CopyrightMADE EASY Detailed Explanations of Try Yourself Questions: ESE + GATE 2023 9 Publications 73. fo 8000 samples/sec 1 8000 = No. of pulses in one block = 20 +5 = Sampling rato Sampling interval = 25 usec 5 1 Space belween leading edge of adjacent pulses - “28 — 5 ysee 25 Width of one signal = 1.5 usec Space between successive pulses = 5-15 =3.5 usec ms To prevent slope overload 5 aint) 81, = max|A™)| . at 3% 200x108 2 2nA,f, 2x mx (10x08) x4 be 200. 10° 8 = 0.187 volts _— Publlaations © Copyright ‘www madeeasypublications.org |Digital Carrier Modulation Schemes Detalled Explanation 9 of Try Yourself Questions sol. Average energy = Uae? + soliday? +4 T8aF ] = flea? + 200° + 18a") = to 72. Eom Let signal | be represented as xt Jasin; ostst $0 | 0 ; osest and signal II be represented as at Agsinm ; O Pl i] PO) > ] = (0.6) (0.3) > (0.1) (0.5) (0.1) (0.2) Hence, we select mg wherever pis received We algo fins hat (em) > A {4 \ pum) > Pf) pom) ™ img | PUM) > PL in, | PUere) = (0.5) (0.5) > (0.3) (0.3) > (0.1) (0.2) Hehe, we Select m, wherever ris received We also find that | P¢m)> P|} e(m,)> Pf 4 {re} Plom) > PE} Pla) > P| JP) > (0.4) (0.5) > (0.8) (0.2) > (0.1) (0.3) Hence, we select m, whenever r, is received. wwwmadeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Detailed Explanations of Try Yourself Questions: ESE +GATE2023 | 43 Publestions (il) The probability of being correctis Pl) = P(m) of. + Plone 2) ery of (0.6) (0.3) + (0.5) (0.5) + (0.5) (0.4) = 0.63 Hence probability of error, P(e) = 1-P(o) P(e) = 037 fey soi. For a binary symmantrie channel for wrong transmission let the probability be p Thus mutual information 1K) = HAY) AIX) and HYX) = -plog,p—(1~ p) log, (1 =p) : 1% ¥) = HO) + ploggp + (1-p) logs (1 ~ p) Craw = MX Nona 1+ plog,p #(1~ p) log, (1 =p) me 30, P24 °C, P2(1-P,) 75.10) ) 6; = 0 @G,=%, Ox, 05 = 0, @0,= 1, Oxy 107 Ley 5 es] = [ey ap xg]/ 1 1 0 ot 107 P=l110 ort 100/104 @=/O10i110 001014 ca sei. Itis given that "1001100" is a valid code word. = © = 1001100 MADE EASY > © Copyright wrmadeeasypublcationsorg ubllaations14 | Electronics Engineering ® Communication Systems MADE EASY Publieatone 1b 1 104 110 weejadd 100 o10 oo 1 Tb 104 110 => [roorto}}@ Tatpe 100 O10 oof CH = [a b@1 O]=[0 0 0] [@ ymodulo-2 addition) Henge on comparing, a= 0, b= 1 % os ¥, ALA Sol. 7 at — O2 a _ Jos 02 oe [Pia] = (33 tel —— PU = Pls) iyi] % oo % 08 02 = [04 06] [oa sal [0.38 0.62 P/O) = 0.38 Pt) = 0.62 Be Condition 1: When /, is received, decision is made in favour of my, So, Plry Ling) Pim) > Pliy | m,) Plm,) (.7)(1-p) > (0.3Xq) 0.7+08q < 07 Tp+3q< 7 @ Condition 2: When r, is received, decision is made in favour of m,, So, Pir, 1m,) P(m,) > P(r, | m,) Plm,) (0.3)(1~ 9) > (0:7Xe) 0.7p+0.3q < 03 7p+3q <3 (iy If condition 2is satisfied, then condition - 1 will be satistied automaticaly. So, the sufficient condition to be satisfied is condition, 2. 7p +3q<3 — | wonumadeeasypublcatios.org MADE EASY PublicationsRandom Variables and Random Process @ Detalled Explanation 9 of Try Yourself Questions ol. The A.C power of the signal is given as a,? where 6,7 is the standard deviation of = EX|-(EP where EL] = id moment [E(X)? = (mean)? now, (ELA? = lim Ry) = 6 and EXE] = lim Rods) = 10 0-6 =4W. 72. Eo ays J tyr - fora fetde = -(1-@) =(e-1) LE3 sol. Rt) = 5¢+5=30. Gay soi. 0 [hoor = 1 apacmde = 1 = -1 © copyright MADE EASY wowmadeeasypublications org16 | Electronics Engineering © Communication Systems MADE EASY ——Punlieatons = 2a-b (ii) cdf = [jt(ddx = [facade = 1 for x20 and f* G(x)dk forx <0 1 go 10) = 3¢" x<0 (i (1X82) = [fda - Le (b) yy) power of Y(t) (thoos(2nt,t+ 8) (Y(0] [X%(9-cos%2nt.t+8)] [X%(t]-E (cos*2ntt+ 6)) ELH) = bo leo 1% 1 Elcos?(2nt.t +0)] = a Joostants+ 8) = 5 i leone Power t yi) = Ryx() (a) ‘To maximize the entropy, allthe decision boundaries should be equiprobable i i ; 1 1 Jo.teiax =5 Joas =3 5 blxk = 3 1 1 eis-th= 5 ab=5 1 12 ; 1 | 1 nt Jestsex -t Jade =} ally = 3 1 1 aci=5 aars 1 6 —EEE www.madeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © copyriaht) PublicationsMADE EASY Detailed Explanations of ry Yourself Questions:£SE +GATE2023 | 47 Publestions (a) Signal power = s, “ 1 5 = | Po,(ade+ J x7p,(x)ae + fx%0,(v)de ‘s 4 + | bak + } wads + [ted 5 4 1 =7 volt? step size — MADE EASY wewaumadeeasypubliations org © CopyrightDetalled Explanation of Try Yourself Questions iB sol. tol (Ee) serte{ [Ee Po = 304 Vie (10)? x 100 x 10% = 102 2x 104 pole tene| [1° ) ‘erto(v56) we setae - dol £23 sol. Ep TE B26 Ep = > N 6.76 &, = 1.382 x 10°° Joule E,=PxT, > P > (1.352 x 10-9) (108) P= 1.352mW “\www.madeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © CopyrightMADE EASY Detailed Explanations of ry Yourself Questions: ESE +GATE2023 | 49 Publestions BER Sol. For BPSK signal Aly gc, - Ake nd _ oo and SE G 76x 10% = 1.32 x 10% faa scl. The probability density function of the input variable A can be given by, 4 (eee fdr ls.) = oe 2°; When "-1"is transmitted tdrls) = pe tris) = ee When *+1" is transmitted Van Given that, Pts) = 2/8 and P(s,) = 118 According to MAP criteria, the rule for determination of threshold is, 4% PUMal 1 8) 2 PLS Mar) fy At optimum threshold (r= r,). PAS) Flin I) = PS.) felt |) aig Wes gto? ver ven (ig— 1? (ry 3)? = 2in@2) “Bigg + 1 + Bfy—9 = 2in(2) Ar, = 8+ 2in(2) 1 = 24 pIn(2)=2 +in(v2) fy = 2.3466 = 2.35 a ‘coupes, © Copyright MADE EASY wor madeeasypublcationsorg