Теория перевода

Тажикеева А.Ш.
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To observe the phenomenon of translating and translations is Translation Studies
___________:
A) Subject.
B) Object.
C) Task.
D) Structure.
E) Aim.
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Methods Translation Studies use:
A) Methods of psychology.
B) Methods of literature.
C) Methods of linguistics.
D) Methods of philosophy.
E) Methods of history.
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The special theory of translation studies is focused on:
A) Studying of general principles of translation.
B) Studying of target text to source text adequacy.
C) Studying of practical aspects of translating activity.
D) Studying of certain types of translation.
E) Studying of principles of a certain pair of languages.
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The particular theory of translation studies is focused on:
A) Studying of general principles of translation.
B) Studying of target text to source text adequacy.
C) Studying of practical aspects of translating activity.
D) Studying of certain types of translation.
E) Studying of principles of a certain pair of languages.
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Discipline Translation Studies is interconnected most of all with:
A) Philosophy.
B) Literary studies.
C) Linguistics.
D) Culture studies.
E) Language engineering.
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The fact that the users handle TT in such a way as if it were ST is called
_________:
A) Semantic similarity.
B) Structural similarity.
C) Functional similarity.
D) Sense similarity.
E) Process similarity.
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When despite obvious differences in linguistic structure meaning can still be
expressed across languages:
A) Untranslatability.
B) Translatability.
C) Adequacy.
D) Pragmatics.
E) Comprehensibility.
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One of the following that is not a component of any speech creation:
A) Sender.
B) Participant.
C) Subject.
D) Situation.
E) Understanding.
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Key periods in the history of the Judeo-Christian-Islamic world:
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
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The period which is characterized by studying aphorisms and sayings of the
translators:
A) Prescientific.
B) Ancient.
C) Acientific.
D) Greek.
E) Prehistoric.
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The country where a special translators training school was established for the first
time:
A) Ancient Greece.
B) Ancient Sumer.
C) Ancient Egypt.
D) Babylon.
E) Assyria.
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Sense-for-sense translation means _________:
A) Oral translation.
B) Literal translation.
C) Written translation.
D) Contextual translation.
E) Faithful translation.
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The general theory of translation studies is focused on:
A) Studying of general principles of translation.
B) Studying of target text to source text adequacy.
C) Studying of practical aspects of translating activity.
D) Studying of certain types of translation.
E) Studying of principles of a certain pair of languages.
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The applied translation studies is focused on:
A) Studying of general principles of translation.
B) Studying of target text to source text adequacy.
C) Studying of practical aspects of translating activity.
D) Studying of certain types of translation.
E) Studying of principles of a certain pair of languages.
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The task of the theory of translation is __________:
A) The semantic identification of the translation.
B) A theoretical description of the translation phenomena.
C) The performance of future translators.
D) Creation of translation masterpiece.
E) Presumption of structural identity of two texts.
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The theory of translation provides the translator with __________:
A) Future work.
B) Strong command of English.
C) Appropriate tools of analysis and synthesis for translation process.
D) New lexical, structural and phonetic objects of foreign language system.
E) High salary.
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Systematic study of translation basing on three general ‘laws’ or ’rules’ was
offered by:
A) Tytler.
B) Denham.
C) Cowley.
D) Dolet.
E) Dryden.
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Translation Studies formed as a science in ____________:
A) The XIXth century.
B) The second half of the XIXth century.
C) The beginning of the XXth century.
D) The second half of the XXth century.
E) The XXIst century.
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The word ‘science’ was firstly used by Nida in _____:
A) 1954.
B) 1964.
C) 1974.
D) 1970.
E) 1981.
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The author of the book “Toward a Science of Translating”:
A) Nida.
B) Chomsky.
C) Darbelnet.
D) Vinay.
E) Malblanc.
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Translation Studies was based on ____________ since 1970s:
A) Holmes’s map.
B) Toury and Reiss’s map.
C) Linguistic oriented science.
D) Contrastive analysis.
E) Applied translation.
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An important role in the formation of Translation Studies in the 1990s was played
by ________________:
A) Germany.
B) Belgium.
C) Canada.
D) France.
E) UK.
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The approach to TS going beyond language and focusing on the interaction
between translation and culture:
A) Translation shift approach.
B) Discourse and register analysis approaches.
C) Systematic approach.
D) Integrated approach.
E) Cultural studies approach.
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The first translator mentioned in the history:
A) Tribal chief
B) Priest
C) Farmer
D) Philosopher.
E) Scientist.
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The “sense-for-sense” tradition in translation was started by:
A) Horace.
B) St. Jerome.
C) Cicero.
D) Baker.
E) Plato.
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French humanist who was executed for his error in the Bible translation:
A) Darbelnet.
B) Luther.
C) Voltaire.
D) Dolet.
E) Vinay.
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The smallest segment of the utterance:
A) Word combination.
B) Minimal translation unit.
C) Sentence.
D) Phraseological unit.
E) Utterance.
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An ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target language cultural values
refers to ________:
A) Domestication.
B) Foreignization.
C) Translation strategy.
D) Translation.
E) Minimal translation unit.
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A translation method excluded by dominant cultural values in the target language:
A) Translation strategy.
B) Translation.
C) Minimal translation unit.
D) Domestication.
E) Foreignization.
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One-to-one correspondence between SL and TL units is peculiar to:
A) Regular equivalents.
B) Lexical equivalents.
C) Permanent equivalents.
D) Grammatical equivalents.
E) Phraseological equivalents.
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Stages of pre-translational analysis according to M. Brandes are subdivided into
_______:
A) 3.
B) 4.
C) 2.
D) 5.
E) 1.
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Words of specific character, such as scientific and technical terms, proper or
geographical names, etc. have:
A) Regular equivalents.
B) Lexical equivalents.
C) Permanent equivalents.
D) Grammatical equivalents.
E) Phraseological equivalents.
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One-to-one correspondence between SL and TL units is peculiar to:
A) Regular equivalents.
B) Lexical equivalents.
C) Permanent equivalents.
D) Grammatical equivalents.
E) Phraseological equivalents.
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One-to-many correspondence between SL and TL units is peculiar to:
A) Regular equivalents.
B) Lexical equivalents.
C) Permanent equivalents.
D) Grammatical equivalents.
E) Phraseological equivalents
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An exceptional translation of a SL unit which suits a particular context is called:
A) Grammatical equivalent.
B) Lexical equivalent.
C) Permanent equivalent.
D) Occasional equivalent.
E) Regular equivalent.
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Words that are often found among SL names of specific national phenomena:
A) Regular equivalents.
B) Borrowings.
C) Equivalent-lacking words.
D) Permanent equivalents.
E) Grammatical equivalents.
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The equivalents of the word “laborious” such as “еңбекқор; ыждағатты;
/“утомительный; трудолюбивый” are defined as:
A) Grammatical equivalents.
B) Lexical equivalents.
C) Phraseological equivalents.
D) Permanent equivalents.
E) Occasional equivalents.
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The period which is characterized by studying aphorisms and sayings of the
translators:
A) Prescientific.
B) Ancient.
C) Scientific.
D) Greek.
E) Prehistoric.
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When translating starts after the original speech or some part of it has been
completed:
A) Simultaneous translation.
B) Written translation.
C) Consecutive translation.
D) Informative translation.
E) Literary translation.
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An interpreter is supposed to perform his translation while the speaker is uttering
the original message:
A) Simultaneous translation.
B) Written translation.
C) Consecutive translation.
D) Informative translation.
E) Literary translation.
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The type of translation which involves the use of special equipment:
A) Literary translation.
B) Written translation.
C) Consecutive translation.
D) Informative translation.
E) Simultaneous translation.
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The scholar who formulated the main principles of translator’s note-taking:
A) J. P. Vinay.
B) F. Rosanne.
C) V. Komissarov.
D) S. Bassnet.
E) R. Francois.
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The process of putting down precocious information _______:
A) Oral translation.
B) Translation aid.
C) Translator’s note-taking.
D) Recasting.
E) Translator’s memory.
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Precocious information usually consists of ________:
A) The longest words.
B) Personal names.
C) Text type information.
D) Pictures.
E) Abbreviations.
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Modifying an existing product to make it accessible, culturally suitable to a target
audience is ______:
A) Film translation.
B) Product adaptation.
C) Specialized translation.
D) Brand translation.
E) Product localization.
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The translation models are used because __________:
A) They make translation easier.
B) The mental processes of translation are directly observable.
C) The mental processes of translation are not directly observable.
D) They help to translate correctly.
E) The mental processes are not directly connected with translation.
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The situational model is also known as ________:
A) Denotative.
B) Transformational.
C) Dynamic.
D) Structural.
E) Language correspondence model.
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The transformational model of translation is based on the linguistic theory by
________:
A) N. Chomsky.
B) L. Venuti.
C) E. Nida.
D) C. Noam.
E) D. Holmes.
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Any oral or written text and its basic unit – a word are bearers of different
information:
A) Communication model.
B) Information model.
C) Situational model.
D) Transformational model.
E) Language correspondence model.
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The translation model considering the process of translation as an act of two-
language communication:
A) Communication.
B) Information.
C) Situational.
D) Transformational.
E) Language correspondence.
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There is a number of nuclear structures which are fully equivalent to each other:
A) Communication model.
B) Information model.
C) Situational model.
D) Transformational model.
E) Language correspondence model.
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The five levels of equivalence were distinguished by _________:
A) V. Komissarov.
B) E. Nida.
C) R. Jacobson.
D) P. Newmark.
E) I. Alekseyeva.
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The notion of equivalence is ______:
A) Good.
B) Bad.
C) Ambiguous.
D) Adequate.
E) Evaluative.
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The only element common for the ST and TT in the 1 level of equivalence:
A) The identification of the situation.
B) The method of the situation description.
C) The invariant meaning of the syntactic structures.
D) The purport of communication.
E) The equivalence of semes.
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The elements common for the ST and TT in the 2 level of equivalence:
A) The identification of the situation, the method of the situation description.
B) The identification of the situation, the equivalence of semes.
C) The identification of the situation, the invariant meaning of the syntactic
structures.
D) The purport of communication, the identification of the situation.
E) The purport of communication, the equivalence of semes.
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The purport, the identification and the method of the situation description:
A) The 3 level of equivalence
B) The 2 level of equivalence.
C) The 1 level of equivalence.
D) The 4 level of equivalence.
E) The 5 level of equivalence.
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The purport, identification and the method of the situation description, invariant
meaning of the syntactic structures:
A) The 3 level of equivalence.
B) The 1 level of equivalence.
C) The 2 level of equivalence.
D) The 5 level of equivalence.
E) The 4 level of equivalence.
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The purport, identification and the method of the situation description, invariant
meaning of the syntactic structures, equivalence of semes:
A) The 4 level of equivalence.
B) The 5 level of equivalence.
C) The 3 level of equivalence.
D) The 1 level of equivalence.
E) The 2 level of equivalence.
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Which level of equivalence is closer to the reliable:
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 5.
D) 4.
E) 3.
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The most important condition of translation equivalence:
A) Text type reproduction.
B) Text form reproduction.
C) Invariant artistic effect.
D) Invariant plane of content.
E) Stylistic features reproduction.
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The word "impeachment" belongs to:
A) Lexical equivalent.
B) Grammatical equivalent.
C) Permanent equivalent.
D) Equivalent-lacking word.
E) Phraseological equivalent.
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Any verbal language can render any message originally written in another verbal
language:
A) P. Newmark
B) V. Komissarov.
C) E. Nida.
D) W. Koller.
E) R. Jacobson.
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The measure that focuses on the message itself, in both form and content:
A) Formal equivalence.
B) Dynamic equivalence.
C) Correspondence.
D) Equivalent effect.
E) Pragmatic effect.
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The phenomena that depends above all on achieving equivalent response:
A) Formal equivalence.
B) Dynamic equivalence.
C) Correspondence.
D) Translation.
E) Transformation.
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The level of equivalence that is mostly observed in proverbs:
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
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The type of equivalent the English idiom “to dine with Duke Humphrey” belongs
to:
A) Lexical equivalent.
B) Grammatical equivalent.
C) Permanent equivalent.
D) Equivalent-lacking.
E) Phraseological equivalent.
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Holmes divides Translation Studies into:
A) Theoretical.
B) Descriptive.
С) Applied.
D) General.
E) Partial.
F) Pure.
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The universals of translation:
A) The law of understanding.
B) The law of communication.
C) The law of high standards.
D) The law of interference.
E) The law of situation.
F) The law of growing standardization.
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The psycho-linguistic classification distinguishes __________:
A) Oral translation.
B) Literary translation.
C) Informative translation.
D) Consecutive translation.
E) Written translation.
F) Simultaneous translation.
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The genre-and-style classification distinguishes _________:
A) Oral translation.
B) Informative translation.
C) Consecutive translation.
D) Literary translation.
E) Written translation.
F) Simultaneous translation.
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Translation strategies suggested by L.Venuti:
A) Domestication.
B) Explicitation.
C) Transposition.
D) Foreignization.
E) Implicitation.
F) Transformation.
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Subtypes of film translation:
A) Oral translation.
B) Subtitling.
C) Written translation.
D) Simultaneous translation.
E) Web site translation.
F) Dubbing.
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E. Nida distinguished between ____________:
A) Formal equivalence.
B) Semantic equivalence.
C) Expressive equivalence.
D) Connotative equivalence.
E) Dynamic equivalence.
F) Denotative equivalence.
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P. Newmark distinguished between ________________:
A) Dynamic translation.
B) Semantic translation.
C) Equivalent translation.
D) Formal translation.
E) Communicative translation.
F) Expressive translation.
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W. Koller distinguished between the notions:
A) Correspondence.
B) Foreignization.
C) Localization.
D) Transformation.
E) Equivalence.
F) Shifts.
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Catford distinguishes two major types of the shift in translation:
A) Structure.
B) Category.
C) Class.
D) Unit.
E) Intra-system.
F) Level.
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K. Reiss suggested following text types:
A) Functional and audiovisual.
B) Audiomedial and operative.
C) Audiovisual and operative.
D) Functional and informative.
E) Multimedia and operative.
F) Informative and expressive.
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According to K.Reiss the language dimension in informative texts transmit
__________:
A) Logical information.
B) Creative composition.
C) Aesthetic impact.
D) Referential information.
E) Zero information.
F) External data of the text.
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The configuration of semantic patterns, that are typically drawn upon under the
specific conditions:
A) Aesthetics.
B) Purport.
C) Register.
D) Reference.
E) Context of situation.
F) Function.
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Transcription of the original involves ____________:
A) Word-for-word reproduction of part of the text.
B) Elimination of part of the text.
C) Recreation of a context that is more familiar.
D) Literal translation.
E) Explicitation of source information.
F) Implicitation of part of the text.
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Adaptation is subdivided into ___________:
A) Regional.
B) Micro.
C) Local.
D) Macro.
E) Global.
F) Territorial.
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According to Brisset adaptation is viewed as ___________:
A) Reterritorialization.
B) Appropriation.
C) Equivalence.
D) Imitation.
E) Annexation.
F) Domestication.
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The two types of context are:
A) Lexical.
B) Linguistic.
C) Grammatical.
D) Denotative.
E) Idiomatic.
F) Situational.
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Supplementary observational data within TAP include:
A) Intonation patterns.
B) Eye movements.
C) Gestures.
D) Written end product.
E) Pauses.
F) Facial expressions.
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The smallest segment of the utterance whose signs are linked in such a way that
they should not be translated individually:
A) Catford.
B) Vinay.
C) Alekseyeva.
D) Darbelnet.
E) Komissarov.
F) Reiss.
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A translation memory can be used in two ways:
A) Mechanical mode.
B) Interactive mode.
C) Direct mode.
D) Indirect mode.
E) Automatic mode.
F) Operative mode.
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The first concrete proposals for a ‘translation machine’ can be dated by the
simultaneous issue of patents in 1933 to ____________:
A) Warren Weaver.
B) Katherine Reiss.
C) Petr Smirnov-Troyanskii.
D) Norbert Wiener.
E) James Holmes.
F) Georges Artsrouni.
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MT systems were subdivided into:
A) Direct systems.
B) Transfer systems.
C) Bilingual systems.
D) Indirect systems.
E) Universal systems.
F) Abstract systems.
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The earliest MT systems included:
A) Transfer approach.
B) Dictionary look-up.
C) Structural analysis.
D) Synthesis.
E) A bilingual mapping.
F) Direct replacement.
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Second generation MT systems:
A) Transfer approach.
B) Bilingual systems.
C) Universal systems.
D) Direct systems.
E) Interlingua approach.
F) Abstract systems.
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Machine translation uses ____________:
A) Human capacity.
B) Corpora of texts.
C) Metalanguage.
D) Field notes.
E) Plurilingual dictionaries.
F) Intonation patterns.
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Translation transformation can be defined as _________:
A) Reorganization of a piece of text in SL into a piece of text in TL.
B) Measure of semantic similarity between the units in two languages.
C) Metalangage.
D) Translative interventions.
E) Any change of the ST at any level.
F) Textual interchangeability.
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Areas in which translation became the subject of research were ___________:
A) Cognitive linguistics.
B) Sociolinguistics.
C) Contrastive analysis.
D) Computational linguistics.
E) Comparative literature.
F) Philosophy.
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Larger-scale studies within the framework of product-oriented DTS can be
_______:
A) Descriptive.
B) Diachronic.
C) Regression analysis.
D) Synchronic.
E) Conceptual analysis.
F) Computational.
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Function-oriented DTS of Holmes can be also termed as ________:
A) Statistic analysis.
B) Corpora studies.
C) Socio-translation studies.
D) Discourse studies.
E) Sociology and historiography of translation.
F) Narrative analysis.
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Process-oriented DTS according to Holmes is concerned with ___________:
A) Narrative analysis.
B) Organizing data.
C) Psychology of translation.
D) Statistic analysis.
E) Cognitive perspective.
F) Corpora analysis.
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Area-restricted theories are related to work in ___________:
A) Contrastive linguistics.
B) Rhetoric.
C) Cultural studies.
D) Stylistics.
E) Philosophy.
F) Cognitive linguistics.
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Text-type approaches came to prominence with the work of __________ in the
1970s:
A) Vinay.
B) Reiss.
C) Darbelnet.
D) Nida.
E) Vermeer.
F) Koller.
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Germany (1970s) has seen the rise of theories centered around ____________:
A) Gender aspect.
B) Text types.
C) Discourse analysis.
D) Text purpose.
E) Systematic functional grammar.
F) Localization.
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In the early 1990s Australia and UK have been influenced by ________:
A) Localization.
B) Discourse analysis.
C) Corpus-based research.
D) Text purpose.
E) Systematic functional grammar.
F) Text types.
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Translation is __________:
A) A means of interlingual communication.
B) An object of phonetic research.
C) The phenomenon that cannot be described.
D) Physical demonstration of grammar and lexicon of a language.
E) The study of words.
F) The communication of the meaning.
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Translating from a foreign language into your mother tongue and vice versa:
A) Self-translation.
B) Direct translation.
C) Re-translation.
D) Indirect translation.
E) Pseudo translation.
F) Free translation.
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Translation which aims to have as close as possible formal correspondence:
A) Re-translation.
B) Indirect translation.
C) Literal translation.
D) Direct translation.
E) Word-for-word translation.
F) Pseudo translation.
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Translations which are intended not to be recognized as translations and vice versa:
A) Self-translation.
B) Overt translation.
C) Re-translation.
D) Indirect translation.
E) Covert translation.
F) Free translation.
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Audiovisual translation is a field in translation studies that covers:
A) Pseudo translation.
B) Localization.
C) Voice over.
D) Idiomatic translation.
E) Dubbing.
F) Adaptation.
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Audiovisual translation comprises:
A) Subtitling.
B) Localization.
C) Pseudo translation.
D) Adaptation.
E) Closed captioning.
F) Idiomatic translation.
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Lingual mode of translating according to van Doorslaer is subdivided into:
A) Interlingual.
B) Intersemiotic.
C) Multimedia.
D) Audiovisual.
E) Intralingual.
F) Visual.
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According to van Doorslaer which of the following refers to the mode:
A) Re-translation.
B) Free translation.
C) Consecutive translation.
D) Self-translation.
E) Audiovisual.
F) Interlingual.
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Related to the mode by van Doorslaer:
A) Consecutive translation.
B) Pseudo translation.
C) Audiovisual.
D) Interlingual.
E) Sight translation.
F) Intralingual.
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Translation strategies according to van Doorslaer cover ______:
A) Intensification.
B) Problem-solving strategies.
C) Product differentiation.
D) Production strategies.
E) Market segmentation.
F) Integration.
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Translation strategies by van Doorslaer:
A) Product differentiation.
B) Intensification.
C) Comprehension.
D) Market segmentation.
E) Integration.
F) Survival.
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Jaaskelainen divided translation into two major types:
A) Product-related strategies.
B) Functional strategies.
C) Interactive strategies.
D) Process-related strategies.
E) Operative strategies.
F) Training strategies.
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Jaaskelainen subdivided process-related strategies into:
A) Functional strategies.
B) Global strategies.
C) Interactive strategies.
D) Operative strategies.
E) Local strategies.
F) Training strategies.
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Introduction of precise details into the TT for clarification and vice versa economy
of the TT:
A) Explicitation.
B) Adaptation.
C) Modulation.
D) Implicitation.
E) Recasting.
F) Modification.
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Suppressing elements in the TL text and compensating structural elements
implicitly present in the source text:
A) Modulation.
B) Transcription.
C) Omission.
D) Recasting.
E) Addition.
F) Adaptation.
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A change in the grammar from SL to TL:
A) Recategorization.
B) Reformulation.
C) Dilution.
D) Transposition.
E) Adaptation.
F) Denominalization.
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Adapting a SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to the normal
morphology of the TL:
A) Adaptation.
B) Recategorization.
C) Dilution.
D) Reformulation.
E) Naturalisation.
F) Direct transfer.
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Descriptive equivalents are related to ________:
A) Reformulation.
B) Expansion.
C) Dilution.
D) Transposition.
E) Amplification.
F) Adaptation.
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Omission:
A) Reduction.
B) Dilution.
C) Expansion.
D) Concentration.
E) Adaptation.
F) Amplification.
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To neutralise or generalise a SL cultural word by using a description:
A) Amplification.
B) Recategorization.
C) Dilution.
D) Reformulation.
E) Denominalization.
F) Expansion.
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Reproducing or transliterating the original term:
A) Calque.
B) Transcription.
C) Modulation.
D) Modification.
E) Borrowing.
F) Expansion.
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Paraphrase:
A) Adaptation.
B) Borrowing.
C) Amplification.
D) Modification.
E) Reduction.
F) Explanation.
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The literal translation of common collocations, names of organizations, the
components of compounds, and phrases:
A) Explanation.
B) Through translation.
C) Modulation.
D) Reduction.
E) Calque.
F) Amplification.
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Translation economy is the linguistic effect achieved by means of ______:
A) Concision.
B) Dilution.
C) Modulation.
D) Reformulation.
E) Addition.
F) Implicitation.
$$$ 125
A branch of translation focused on the transfer of multimodal and multimedial
texts into another language:
A) Localization.
B) Audiovisual translation.
C) Intersemiotic translation.
D) Intralingual translation.
E) Multimedia translation.
F) Pseudo-translation.
$$$ 126
The strategies suggested by L.Venuti:
A) Naturalisation.
B) Domestication.
C) Amplification.
D) Reduction.
E) Recasting.
F) Foreignization.
$$$ 127
Translation economy:
A) Dilution.
B) Condensation.
C) Modulation.
D) Reformulation.
E) Addition.
F) Concision.
$$$ 128
Mother tongue versus other tongue translation:
A) Direct.
B) Re-translation.
C) Indirect.
D) Self-translation.
E) Overt translation.
F) Covert translation.
$$$ 129
Translation modes employed in the audiovisual media:
A) Pseudo-translation.
B) Localization.
C) Audio description.
D) Naturalisation.
E) Surtitling.
F) Recategorization.
$$$ 130
Scholars who contributed to the development of machine translation:
A) Katherine Reiss.
B) Eugene Nida.
C) Petr Smirnov-Troyanskii.
D) Hans Vermeer .
E) Lawrence Venuti.
F) Warren Weaver.
$$$ 131
The works that are based on text-type approaches:
A) Vermeer.
B) Nida.
C) Catford.
D) Reiss.
E) Venuti.
F) Darbelnet.
$$$ 132
The SL word-order is preserved, words are translated singly by their most common
meanings:
A) Faithful translation.
B) Word-for-word translation.
C) Free translation.
D) Faithful translation.
E) Idiomatic translation.
F) Literal translation.
$$$ 133
TT and ST can be identical _________:
A) Syntactically.
B) Pragmatically.
C) Functionally.
D) Structurally.
E) Contextually.
F) Semantically.
G) Stylistically.
H) Phonetically.
$$$ 134
Dryden’s categories of translation:
A) Metaphrase.
B) Amplification.
C) Re-translation.
D) Paraphrase.
E) Explicitation.
F) Imitation.
G) Implicitation.
H) Transposition.
$$$ 135
Translation is __________:
A) A means of interlingual communication.
B) An object of phonetic research.
C) The phenomenon that cannot be described.
D) Physical demonstration of grammar and lexicon of a language.
E) The study of words.
F) An act of speech communication between the translator and TR.
G) Concrete speech act in the target language.
H) The branch of semiotics.
$$$ 136
Scholars who were the pioneers of ‘translation shift approach’:
A) Vinay.
B) Reiss.
C) Nord.
D) House.
E) Baker.
F) Darbelnet.
G) Nida.
H) Catford.
$$$ 137
The element that can be referred to a minimal translation unit:
A) Context.
B) Denotation.
C) Meaning.
D) Word.
E) Connotation.
F) Sentence.
G) Phoneme.
H) Presupposition.
$$$ 138
The text types suggested by K. Reiss:
A) Functional.
B) Audiomedial.
C) Audiovisual.
D) Operative.
E) Informative.
F) Multimedia.
G) Literary.
H) Intersemiotic.
$$$ 139
Precocious information usually consists of ___________:
A) The longest words.
B) Personal names.
C) Text type information.
D) Pictures.
E) The most important information.
F) Dates.
G) Non-verbal elements.
H) Figures and numbers.
$$$ 140
According to Catford the category shift is divided into:
A) Structure.
B) Level.
C) Class.
D) Rank.
E) Unit.
F) System.
G) Form.
H) Text.
$$$ 141
The category shift according to Catford is divided into _________:
A) Text.
B) Level.
C) Structure.
D) Rank.
E) Unit.
F) System.
G) Intra-system shifts.
H) Form.
$$$ 142
According to Catford shifts occurring on the local level cover:
A) Syntactic elements.
B) Pragmatic elements.
C) Semantic elements.
D) Stylistic elements.
E) Phonetic elements.
F) Pragmatic-stylistic.
G) Phonetic-semantic.
H) Pragmatic-syntactic.
$$$ 143
Stylistic and syntactic elements referred to the local level of shifts comprise:
A) Word order.
B) Words.
C) Phonemes.
D) Repetition.
E) Rhythm.
F) Phrases.
G) Morphemes.
H) Imagery.
$$$ 144
Functional theories are subdivided into:
A) Discourse and register analysis.
B) Text type theory.
C) Shift approach.
D) Manipulation theory.
E) Translational action theory.
F) System theory.
G) Skopos theory.
H) Aesthetic communication theory.
$$$ 145
Systems theories are subdivided into:
A) Polysystem theory.
B) Text type theory.
C) Manipulation theory.
D) Shift approach.
E) Aesthetic communication theory.
F) Discourse and register analysis.
G) Translational action theory.
H) Skopos theory.
$$$ 146
According to K. Reiss audiomedial texts consist of ____________:
A) Films.
B) Logical information.
C) Visual advertisements.
D) Referential information.
E) Creative composition.
F) Aesthetic dimension.
G) Spoken advertisements.
H) Behavioural responses.
$$$ 147
According to Interpretative Theory significant part of interpreters’ work is
connected with ________:
A) Linguistic meaning.
B) Language proficiency.
C) Worldview.
D) Cognitive context.
E) The setting.
F) Precocious information.
G) Logical information.
H) Interpreter’s own world knowledge.
$$$ 148
Adaptation may cover numerous notions such as _____________:
A) Foreignization.
B) Appropriation.
C) Equivalence.
D) Imitation.
E) Paraphrase.
F) Domestication.
G) Metaphrase.
H) Summarization.
$$$ 149
Illocution:
A) Question.
B) Background knowledge.
C) Request.
D) Promise.
E) Order.
F) Communicative effect of the utterance.
G) Information.
H) Apology.
$$$ 150
Locution:
A) Question.
B) Background knowledge.
C) Request.
D) Promise.
E) Addressee’s interest.
F) Communicative effect of the utterance.
G) Order.
H) Apology.
$$$ 151
TAP studies is aimed at identifying ___________________:
A) Function of translation.
B) Problem solving strategies.
C) Background knowledge.
D) Linguistic meaning.
E) Cognitive context.
F) Criteria for decision making.
G) Worldview.
H) Creativity in translation.
$$$ 152
Methods of acquiring information within TAP comprise:
A) Interactive modeling.
B) Role games.
C) Joint translating.
D) Interviews.
E) Field observation.
F) Linked method.
G) Questionnaires.
H) Simulation.
$$$ 153
Methods used to describe and analyze TAP data come from _______________:
A) Psychology.
B) Cognitive linguistics.
C) Sociolinguistics.
D) Psycholinguistics.
E) Cognitive and social psychology.
F) Cultural studies.
G) Philosophy.
H) Translation studies.
$$$ 154
Types of correspondences distinguished by Retsker:
A) Permanent.
B) Variant.
C) Non-permanent.
D) Equivalent.
E) Indirect.
F) Mutable.
G) Direct.
H) Contextual.
$$$ 155
Meaning according to Nida is ______________:
A) Linguistic.
B) Contextual.
C) Situational.
D) Expressive.
E) Denotative.
F) Emotive.
G) Connotative.
H) Referential.
$$$ 156
Ways of determining meaning are subdivided into __________:
A) Transformational analysis.
B) Functional analysis.
C) Hierarchical structuring.
D) Semantic structure analysis.
E) Contrastive analysis.
F) Comparative analysis.
G) Componential analysis.
H) Structural analysis.
$$$ 157
3-stage system of translation comprises __________:
A) Translation proper.
B) Restructuring.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analysis.
E) Bilingual mapping.
F) Abstract analysis.
G) Transfer.
H) Direct systems.
$$$ 158
Jacobson subdivided translation into ___________:
A) Communicative translation.
B) Interlingual translation.
C) Semantic translation.
D) Dynamic translation.
E) Intralingual translation.
F) Formal translation.
G) Intersemiotic translation.
H) Expressive translation.
$$$ 159
According to R.К. Miniar-Belorutchev, it is proposed to conduct pre-translation
analysis of the ________:
A) Key and additional information.
B) Genre and style peculiarities of the text.
C) Syntactic organization of the text.
D) Specifying and repeating information.
E) Vocabulary.
F) Zero information.
G) Source-recipient relationships.
H) External data of the text.
$$$ 160
According to I. Alekseyeva pre-translation analysis should consist of _________:
A) Identification of genre and style peculiarities of the text.
B) Understanding structure of information and its density.
C) Identification of source-recipient relationships.
D) Specifying and repeating information.
E) Collection of external data of the text.
F) Vocabulary.
G) Syntactic organization of the text.
H) Communicative intentions of the author.
$$$ 161
According to V.Komissarov it is important to conduct pre-translation analysis of
the _________:
A) Identification of genre of the text.
B) Vocabulary.
C) Nature of compositional forms of speech.
D) Key and additional information.
E) Communicative effect.
F) External data of the text.
G) Composition, semantic, and pragmatic structures of the text.
H) Understanding structure of information.
$$$ 162
Pre-translation analysis was considered by ______________:
A) Nelubin.
B) Dryden.
C) Dolet.
D) Cicero.
E) R.К. Miniar-Belorutchev.
F) Barkhudarov.
G) Brandes.
H) Retsker.
$$$ 163
Scholars who have worked at MT research:
A) Petr Smirnov-Troyanskii.
B) Eugene Nida.
C) Georges Artsrouni.
D) Norbert Wiener.
E) Warren Weaver.
F) Noam Chomsky.
G) James Holmes.
H) Lawrence Venuti.
$$$ 164
Dictionary-based “direct replacement” systems included:
A) Analysis of the source text.
B) Dictionary look-up.
C) Local word-order rearrangement.
D) Bilingual mapping.
E) Structural analysis.
F) Target word replacement.
G) Abstract systems.
H) Synthesis.
$$$ 165
The transfer approach involves:
A) Local word-order rearrangement.
B) Dictionary look-up.
C) Universal representation.
D) Bilingual mapping.
E) Structural analysis.
F) Target word replacement.
G) Abstract systems.
H) Synthesis of the target text.
$$$ 166
Regular equivalents can be classified into:
A) Lexical.
B) Semantic.
C) Grammatical.
D) Syntactic.
E) Phraseological.
F) Stylistic.
G) Pragmatic.
H) Idiomatic.
$$$ 167
A translation memory program is normally made up of the following elements:
A) Corpora.
B) A translation editor.
C) A text segment localizer.
D) Interactive tools.
E) PDA.
F) An electronic dictionary.
G) An automatic system of analysis for new texts.
H) Digital video-recorder.
$$$ 168
According to Komissarov translation transformations are subdivided into:
A) Syntactic.
B) Lexical.
C) Phonetic.
D) Stylistic.
E) Grammatical.
F) Pragmatic.
G) Complex.
H) Contextual.
$$$ 169
Lexical transformations:
A) Transcription.
B) Omission.
C) Integration.
D) Transliteration.
E) Addition.
F) Calque.
G) Compensation.
H) Partitioning.
$$$ 170
Lexical semantic substitutes:
A) Addition.
B) Modulation.
C) Integration.
D) Concretization.
E) Compensation.
F) Generalization.
G) Omission.
H) Partitioning.
$$$ 171
Grammatical transformations:
A) Omission.
B) Integration.
C) Compensation.
D) Grammatical substitute.
E) Transcription.
F) Partitioning.
G) Transliteration.
H) Addition.
$$$ 172
Lexical-grammatical (complex) transformations:
A) Approximate translation.
B) Calque.
C) Compensation.
D) Grammatical substitute.
E) Transcription.
F) Partitioning.
G) Transliteration.
H) Addition.
$$$ 173
Lexical-grammatical (complex) transformations:
A) Calque.
B) Grammatical substitute.
C) Transliteration.
D) Omission.
E) Explicatory translation.
F) Partitioning.
G) Antonymous translation.
H) Transcription.
$$$ 174
Equivalence within theoretical framework was highlighted by scholars such as
____________:
A) Dryden.
B) Cicero.
C) Nelubin.
D) Nida.
E) Retsker.
F) Newmark.
G) Brandes.
H) Jacobson.
$$$ 175
A translation memory program is normally made up of the following elements:
A) Voice recognition tools.
B) Digital video-recorder.
C) A text segment localizer.
D) A terminological tool.
E) PDA.
F) An electronic dictionary.
G) A statistical tool.
H) A scanner.
$$$ 176
In the 1960s literary translation was promoted by ________:
A) Translation workshop concept.
B) Applied linguistics.
C) Cognitive linguistics.
D) Cultural studies approach.
E) Comparative literature.
F) Computational linguistics.
G) Contrastive analysis.
H) Translation criticism.
$$$ 177
The seventeenth century knew the birth of many influential theorists such as
______________:
A) Etienne Dolet.
B) Alexander Frayer Tytler.
C) Cicero.
D) Sir John Denham.
E) Edward Fitzgerald.
F) Abraham Cowley.
G) Horace.
H) John Dryden.
$$$ 178
According to van Doorslaer literal translation is subdivided into _________:
A) Free.
B) Idiomatic.
C) Sentence-by-sentence.
D) Functional.
E) Word-for-word.
F) Interlinear.
G) Source-oriented.
H) Target oriented.
$$$ 179
According to Brandes pre-translation analysis consists of _________:
A) Collection of external data of the text.
B) The nature of compositional forms of speech.
C) Understanding typical syntactic organization of the text and vocabulary.
D) Communicative intentions of the author.
E) Careful reading and re-reading.
F) Identification of key, additional information.
G) Identification of common genre and style peculiarities.
H) Understanding structure of information and its density.
$$$ 180
Nida’s theory of equivalence is focused on ____________:
A) The degree of correspondence.
B) Notion of “naturalness”.
C) Literalism.
D) Fluency.
E) Equivalent effect.
F) Function of the sign in society.
G) Foreignism.
H) Rewriting.
$$$ 181
Translation studies is an academic interdiscipline dealing with ___________:
A) Interpretation of language in terms of the concepts.
B) Scientific study of language.
C) Systematic study of the theory of translation.
D) Mental activity associated with the use of language.
E) Description and application of translation.
F) Language in social and cultural context.
G) Interpreting, and localization.
H) Style in language.
$$$ 182
Translation has several meanings:
A) The process of producing the translation.
B) Reorganization of a piece of text.
C) Converting external energies into a meaningful experience.
D) The product.
E) The general subject field or phenomenon.
F) The means used to convey the message.
G) Interpersonal interaction between members of different groups.
H) Symbolic representation of our internal states.
$$$ 183
Jakobson’s categories are:
A) Metaphrase.
B) Translation proper.
C) Explicitation.
D) Rewording.
E) Imitation.
F) Transmutation.
G) Paraphrase.
H) Implicitation.
$$$ 184
Intersemiotic translation occurs when a written text is translated into a different
mode such as _______:
A) Advertisement.
B) Conference.
C) Film.
D) Conversation.
E) Music.
F) Script.
G) Novel.
H) Painting.
$$$ 185
Intralingual translation occurs when we produce _________:
A) Summary.
B) Commentary.
C) Adaptation of a text to a new culture.
D) A text of different mode.
E) An expression in the same language.
F) Recasting.
G) A text in the same language.
H) One-to-one translation.
$$$ 186
Descriptive translation studies examines ________:
A) Outcome.
B) Product.
C) Purpose.
D) Grammar.
E) Function.
F) Context.
G) Process.
H) Register.
$$$ 187
Descriptive translation studies according to Holmes is subdivided into _________:
A) Translator training.
B) Function-oriented.
C) Translation aids.
D) Partial.
E) Process-oriented.
F) Translation criticism.
G) General.
H) Product-oriented.
$$$ 188
Product-oriented DTS involve the description or analysis of _______ within
smaller-scale studies:
A) The function of translation.
B) Psychology of translation.
C) Single ST-TT pair.
D) Language or text type.
E) Context.
F) Analysis looking at a specific period.
G) Cognitive perspectives.
H) Idiom.
$$$ 189
Medium-restricted theories are subdivided into translation by machine and
humans, with further subdivisions ___________:
A) Automatic machine translation.
B) Word-for-word.
C) Adapted.
D) Sense-for-sense.
E) Computer-assisted translation.
F) Free.
G) Written or spoken.
H) Functional.
$$$ 190
The applied branch of Holmes’s framework concerns ___________:
A) Product.
B) Function.
C) Translator training.
D) Process.
E) Translation aids.
F) Time frames.
G) Text types.
H) Translation criticism.
$$$ 191
Translation criticism according to Holmes’s framework consists of ________:
A) Teaching methods.
B) Evaluation of translations.
C) Comparative analysis.
D) Structural analysis.
E) Marking student translations.
F) Testing techniques.
G) Reviews of published translations.
H) Curriculum design.
$$$ 192
Translator training according to Holmes’s framework consists of ___________:
A) Reviews of published translations.
B) Expert informants.
C) Testing techniques.
D) Marking student translations.
E) Curriculum design.
F) Evaluation of translations.
G) Teaching methods.
H) Translation aids.
$$$ 193
IT applications include ___________:
A) Dictionaries.
B) Online forums.
C) Grammars.
D) Corpora.
E) Expert informants.
F) CAT tools.
G) Curriculum design.
H) Voice recognition software.
$$$ 194
Translation aids include ________:
A) Dictionaries.
B) Corpora.
C) Online forums.
D) Expert informants.
E) Curriculum.
F) CAT tools.
G) IT applications.
H) Teaching methods.
$$$ 195
Translation criticism mainly consists of __________:
A) Teaching.
B) Testing.
C) Revision.
D) Online forums.
E) Expert informants.
F) Editing.
G) Evaluation of translations.
H) Curriculum design.
$$$ 196
The 1990s saw the incorporation of new approaches and concepts:
A) Grammar-translation method.
B) Comparative analysis.
C) Translation and gender research.
D) Contrastive analysis.
E) The Brazilian school.
F) Translation workshop concept.
G) Postcolonial translation.
H) Text type theories.
$$$ 197
In the new century research activity and practice of translation has been
revolutionized by new domains such as ________:
A) Literary translation.
B) Corpus-based translation studies.
C) Cultural translation.
D) Audiovisual translation.
E) Discourse studies.
F) Localization.
G) Machine translation.
H) Pseudo translation.
$$$ 198
According to the Van Doorslaer map media translation is subdivided into
__________:
A) Printed.
B) Graphic.
C) Audiovisual.
D) Semiotic.
E) Electronic.
F) Film.
G) Multimedia.
H) Localization.
$$$ 199
According to the Van Doorslaer map applied translation studies is subdivided into
__________:
A) Didactics.
B) Translation aids.
C) Curriculum design.
D) Criticism.
E) IT applications.
F) Testing.
G) Institutional environment.
H) Editing.
$$$ 200
When the grammatical form is changed in translation:
A) Shift.
B) Reformulation.
C) Recasting.
D) Denominalization.
E) Transposition.
F) Modification.
G) Recategorization.
H) Dilution.
$$$ end

Паспорт к базе тестовых заданий

по дисциплине Теория перевода
для специальности 5B020700 – Переводческое дело
для отделений с русским языком обучения

Номер Номер Степень

РК1 РК2 ИК Правильный ответ
вопроса темы сложности
1 1 1 + - + B

2 1 1 + - + C

3 1 1 + - + D

4 1 1 + - + E

5 1 1 + - + C

6 2 1 + - + C

7 2 1 + - + B

8 2 1 + - + E

9 3 1 + - + C
10 3 1 + - + A
11 3 1 + - + C

12 2 1 + - + E

13 1 1 + - + A

14 1 1 + - + C

15 1 1 + - + B

16 1 1 + - + C

17 3 1 + - + A

18 1 1 + - + D

19 4 1 + - + B

20 4 1 + - + A

21 4 1 + - + A

22 4 1 + - + C

23 4 1 + - + E

24 3 1 + - + B

25 3 1 + - + C

26 3 1 + - + D

27 5 1 + - + B

28 2 1 + - + A

29 2 1 + - + E

30 10 1 - + + C

31 5 1 + + + A

32 10 1 - + + C

33 10 1 - + + C

34 10 1 - + + A

35 13 1 - + + D

36 13 1 - + + C

37 13 1 - + + B

38 3 1 + - + A
39 6 1 + + + C

40 6 1 + + + A

41 6 1 + + + E

42 6 1 + + + B

43 6 1 + + + C

44 6 1 + + + B

45 6 1 + + + E

46 7 1 - + + C

47 7 1 - + + A

48 7 1 - + + A

49 7 1 - + + B

50 7 1 - + + A

51 7 1 - + + D

52 9 1 - + + A

53 9 1 - + + E

54 9 1 - + + D

55 9 1 - + + D

56 9 1 - + + A

57 9 1 - + + E

58 9 1 - + + B

59 9 1 - + + A

60 9 1 - + + D

61 10 1 - + + D

62 9 1 - + + E

63 9 1 - + + A

64 9 1 - + + B

65 9 1 - + + A

66 10 1 - + + D

67 1 2 + - + CF
68 2 2 + - + DF

69 6 2 + + + AE

70 6 2 + + + BD

71 2 2 + - + AD

72 6 2 + + + BF

73 9 2 - + + AE

74 9 2 - + + BE

75 9 2 - + + AE

76 4 2 + - + BF

77 4 2 + - + BF

78 4 2 + - + AD

79 4 2 + - + CE

80 8 2 - + + AD

81 2 2 + - + CE

82 2 2 + - + AE

83 2 2 + - + BF

84 1 2 + - + AE

85 5 2 + + + BD

86 14 2 - + + BE

87 14 2 - + + CF

88 14 2 - + + AD

89 14 2 - + + BF

90 14 2 - + + AE

91 14 2 - + + BE

92 8 2 - + + AE

93 4 2 + - + CE

94 1 2 + - + BD

95 1 2 + - + CE

96 1 2 + - + CE
97 1 2 + - + AD

98 4 2 + - + BE

99 4 2 + - + BD

100 4 2 + - + BE

101 1 2 + - + AF

102 2 2 + - + BD

103 2 2 + - + CE

104 2 2 + - + BE

105 15 2 - + + CE

106 15 2 - + + AE

107 2 2 + - + AE

108 2 2 + - + AD

109 2 2 + - + BE

110 2 2 + - + BD

111 2 2 + - + CF

112 2 2 + - + AD

113 2 2 + - + BE

114 8 2 - + + AD

115 8 2 - + + CE

116 8 2 - + + AD

117 8 2 - + + EF

118 8 2 - + + BE

119 8 2 - + + AD

120 8 2 - + + AF

121 8 2 - + + BE

122 8 2 - + + CF

123 8 2 - + + BE

124 8 2 - + + AF

125 15 2 - + + BE
126 2 2 + - + BF

127 8 2 - + + BF

128 8 2 - + + AC

129 8 2 - + + CE

130 14 2 - + + CF

131 4 2 + + + AD

132 2 2 + - + BF

133 2 3 + - + CDF

134 3 3 + - + ADF

135 1 3 + - + AFG

136 4 3 + + + AFH

137 5 3 - + + DFG

138 4 3 - + + BDE

139 6 3 - + + BFH

140 4 3 - + + ACE

141 4 3 + - + CEG

142 4 3 - + + ACD

143 4 3 + - + ADE

144 4 3 - + + BEG

145 4 3 + - + ACE

146 4 3 + - + ACG

147 4 3 + - + DEH

148 2 3 - + + BDF

149 12 3 - + + AEG

150 12 3 - + + CDG

151 1 3 + - + BFH

152 1 3 + - + CDG

153 1 3 + - + DEH

154 9 3 - + + BDH
155 9 3 - + + AFH

156 9 3 - + + CDG

157 14 3 - + + BDG

158 1 3 + - + BEG

159 5 3 + - + ADF

160 5 3 + + + BCE

161 5 3 + + + CEG

162 5 3 + + + AEG

163 14 3 - + + ACE

164 14 3 - + + BCF

165 14 3 - + + DEH

166 11 3 - + + ACE

167 14 3 - + + BCG

168 8 3 - + + BEF

169 8 3 - + + ADF

170 8 3 - + + BDF

171 8 3 - + + BDF

172 8 3 - + + ACH

173 8 3 - + + DEG

174 9 3 - + + DFH

175 14 3 - + + CDG

176 4 3 + - + AEG

177 3 3 + - + DFH

178 2 3 + - + CEF

179 5 3 + + + CEG

180 9 3 - + + BEF

181 1 3 + - + CEG

182 1 3 + - + ADE

183 1 3 + - + BDF
184 1 3 + - + CEH

185 1 3 + - + AEG

186 1 3 + - + BEG

187 1 3 + - + BEH

188 1 3 + - + CDF

189 1 3 + - + AEG

190 1 3 + - + CEH

191 1 3 + - + BEG

192 1 3 + - + CEG

193 14 3 - + + BDF

194 2 3 + - + ADG

195 1 3 + - + CFG

196 4 3 + - + CEG

197 4 3 + - + BDF

198 2 3 + - + ACE

199 2 3 + - + ADG

200 8 3 - + + AEG