PERCENT COMPOSITION 4 TYPES OF PARTICLES:

%mass=( mass of element)/( mass of compound )× 100 1. Atoms→ substance iselement

2. Molecules → covalent compound
STEPS IN FINDING EMPIRICAL FORMULA 3. Formula units→ ionic compound
1. If the data given are in the form of % composition, base your 4. Ions → charge particle
computations on a 100 g sample of the compound. Assume that,
MASS to MOLES
the number of grams of each element equals the % composition of
that element in the compound. 1 mol MOGS
mass of given substance × ∨
( molar mass ) M . M .
2. Convert the given mass of each element into mole.
MOLES to MASS
3. Divide the mole of each element present by the smallest mole ( molar mass )
value. givenmole × ∨( given mol ) ( M . M . )
1 mol
4. If any of the elements has 0.5 on its quotient, multiply each by 2. # of PARTICLES to MOLES
1 mol GP
5. The quotient in Step 3 becomes the subscript of each element. The given particles × ¿∨ ¿
'
avogadr o s ¿ A.¿
result is the empirical formula.

STEPS IN FINDING MOLECULAR FORMULA

1. Divide the given molecular mass by the empirical mass. Empirical MOLES to # of PARTICLES
mass is the mass of the empirical formula.
givenmole × avogadr o' s ¿ ¿ ∨(given mole)( A .¿)
1 mol
2. The quotient must be a whole number, then multiply it to the
subscript of the elements in the empirical formula.

MASS to # of PARTICLES
DIMENSION ANALYSIS FORMAT
1 mol
× Avogadr o s ¿ ¿
'
given mass ×
mola r mass of given substance 1 mol
(Starting Quantity) (Conversion Factor) = (desired Quantity)

# of PARTICLES to MASS
Given value required value
1 mol molar mass of given substance
given particles × ¿×
'
avogadr o s ¿ 1 mol
 actual yield
PERCENT YIELD - %yield = ×100
theoretical yield
STOICHIOMETRY
NOTE: BALANCE THE EQUATION FIRST!
MOLE to MOLE
required mol
given mol ×
givenmol

mole ratio b/w given and required

MOLE to MASS
required mol molar mass of what is asked
givenmol × ×
givenmol 1 mol

MASS to MOLE
given mass required mol
× molar mass of given subs .×
1 givenmol

mole ratio
MASS to MASS
1 mol required mol molar mass of what is asked
given mass × × ×
molar mass of given subs . givenmol 1 mol

THEORETICAL YIELD – Mass to Mass