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Zener Diode
Dr. R . K Saxena
Professor, Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Global Institute of Technology, Jaipur (Raj.)
Unit 1- Diode Circuits
Zener Diode
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtnmn_MNgsg
Width of depletion region depends on doping of P and N-type semiconductor material. If the
material is heavily doped, the width of the depletion region becomes very thin.
The phenomenon of the Zener breakdown occurs in the very thin depletion region. The
thin depletion region has more numbers of free electrons. The reverse bias applies
across the PN junction develops the electric field intensity across the
depletion region. The strength of the electric field intensity becomes very
high.
Such an intense electric field is strong enough to pull some of the valence
electrons into the conduction band by breaking their covalent bonds. These
electrons then become free electrons which are available for conduction. A
large number of such free electrons will constitute a large reverse current
.The high reverse current starts flowing in the junction because of which
depletion region entirely vanishes. This process is known as the Zener
breakdown.
saturation current.
The P and N-type materials of the PN junction are not perfect, and they have some impurities in it, i.e.,
the p-type material has some electrons, and the N-type material has some hole
in it.
The reverse bias increases the electrical field across the depletion region. When the high
electric field exists across the depletion, the velocity of minority charge carrier crossing
the depletion region increases. These carriers collide with the atoms of the crystal.
Because of the collision, the charge carrier takes out the electrons from the atom.
The collision increases the electron-hole pair. As the electron-hole induces in the high
electric field, they are quickly separated and collide with the other atoms of the
crystals. The process is continuous, and the electric field becomes so much higher
then the reverse current starts flowing in the PN junction.
After the breakdown, junction can’t regain its original position as diode is completely burnt off.
Two types of reverse breakdown in a zener diode are avalanche and zener. The
avalanche break down occurs in both rectifier and zener diodes at a sufficiently
A zener diode is heavily doped to reduced the breakdown voltage. This causes
process.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtnmn_MNgsg