Words in Context - for reading and writing

part 2
10. Happy vs. …not really
- joyous, happy (+)
• blissful, elated, enraptured, rapturous, exhilarated, enchanted, jubilant, gleeful,
mirthful, euphoria
- angry, violent, cruel (-)
• furious, infuriated, enraged, fuming, livid, rabid, wrathful, indignant, irate, tumultuous
- sad (-)
• lugubrious, deplorable, melancholy, dolorous, doleful
- overly sentimental (-)
• maudlin, lachrymose, mawkish
• saccharine, treacly: overly sweet, overly sentimental
- “매우 달다” 단어들의 connotation: “너무 감성적인, 쉽게 우는”

11. calm, even-tempered, composed vs. bad-tempered (hot-headed),

confused
- poised, calm
• composed, equanimity, nonchalant, temperate, un appable, unru ed, self-assured,
self-possessed
- easily-angered
• irascible, bilious, choleric, cantankerous, petulant, fractious, peevish, sulky, surly,
splenetic, salty
• curmudgeon: a cranky person
• misanthrope: one who hates humankind
- confuse, embarrass
• bewilder, obfuscate, confound, muddle, nonplus, perplex, perturb, discomfort
12. War and Peace
- warlike, o ensive, evil
• belligerent, bellicose, factious, pugnacious, nefarious, repugnant, odious, malevolent,
abominable, scurrilous
- extreme hatred
• antipathy, rancor, repugnance, enmity, abhorrence
- peaceful
• halcyon, balmy, tranquil, reserved, placid
• bucolic, pastoral, idyllic, rural: 전원적인, 평화로운
- soothe: assuage, mollify, placate, pacify, alleviate, mitigate, rectify
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 13. Friendly vs. Unfriendly

- social, generous
• altruistic, a able, amiable, amicable, congenial, cordial, courteous, gregarious
(talkative), urbane, magnanimous, muni cent
- friendliness
• amity, geniality
- cruel, cold-hearted
• brutal, brusque, brazen, aloof, callous, heinous, ruthless, savage, truculent
• blunt, blatant: frank in a negative way (돌직구 - 너무 직선적이라서 상처주는)
14. Modest vs. arrogant, forceful
- humble, modest, well-mannered, polite
• self-e acing, unassuming, decorous, retiring, unobtrusive
• decorum, propriety, politeness: 예의바름
- arrogant
• a ront, insolent, impudent, brash, cavalier, supercilious, e rontery, haughty, lordly,
presumptuous
- showy, pompous
• grandiose, braggart, brandish, ostentatious, gaudy, garish, gilded, ornate, opulent,
pretentious
- harmful, toxic, poisonous
• noisome, inimical, baleful, virulent, noxious, pernicious
• accost: to approach in a rude way (위협적으로 다가와 말을 걸다)
- forceful, dictatorial
• domineering, overbearing, peremptory, imperious, despotic, tyrannical
15. determined(+) vs. stubborn(-)
- determined, patient
• persistent, indomitable, resolute, earnest, tenacious, steadfast, pertinacity, adamant
- stubborn, pig-headed
• unwilling, reluctant, dogmatic, dogged, grudging, recalcitrant, intractable, intransigent,
obstinate, obdurate, wayward, willful

16. Well-educated vs. overly moralistic

- educated (학식있는)
• cerebral, brainy, highbrow, scholarly, erudite, cultivated, sophisticated
- moralistic
• didactic, pedantic
• ponti cate, sermonize: inclined to lecture excessively (남을 가르치려 드는, 똑똑한척하는 -
꼰대)
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 17. serious vs. carefree

- serious
• somber, grave, grim, pensive, solemn, stern, staid
• sober: not drunken (therefore, serious)
- not serious
• ippant, frivolous, levity, light-heartedness
• rash, hurried: pell-mell, rash, impetuous, cursory
• related to sarcastic humor
- negative: sarcastic, cynical, sardonic, scornful, wry, mocking
- neutral - humor: invective, parody, playful, tongue-in-cheek, satirical, epigram,
lampoon, spoof
- funny, humorous: jocular, facetious, farcical

18. Revolutions, good or bad

- revolutionary (good one)
• iconoclast, nonconformist, visionary, maverick, pioneer, progenitor
- rebellious, revolting
• insurgent, subversive, seditious, sedition, insurrectionist, de ant, mutinous, riotous,
incendiary
• usurp: to take away; (왕권 등을) 빼앗다. (쿠데타)
• heresy: (-) 이교도, 이단; 남들이 틀리다고 하는 것을 믿는 것
• apostasy, treason, treachery, per dy: betrayal 배반, 배신
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 19. spartan, disciplined vs. self-indulgent (doing whatever one desires)

- disciplined, self-control, abstinent
• ascetic, Spartan, stoic, abstemious, abstinence, refraining
• recluse, hermit: one who prefers to live alone
• martinet, stickler: a very strict person
• simple, economical
- austere, thrifty, frugal
- provident: saving money for the future; 저축하는, 낭비하지 않는
• miserly, parsimonious: (-) overly thrifty; 너무 인색한
• skin int, Scrooge, miser: 구두쇠(-)
- undisciplined
• dissolute, dissipated, wanton, libertine, debauched: 타락한, 세속적인
• reprobate: a dissolute person; 방탕한 사람
• hedonist: pleasure seeker. 쾌락주의자
• sybarite: an individual who seeks luxury; 사치를 좋아하는 사람
• wasteful
- extravagant, lavish, prodigal, pro igate, squandering
- spendthrift: 돈을 헤프게 쓰는 사람
- improvident: unwise nancially; 미래를 생각하지 않고 낭비하는

20. innovative vs. boring

- innovative, unconventional, revolutionary
• avant-garde, iconoclastic, pioneering, trailblazing
- boring, conventional, commonplace
• insipid, prosaic, hackneyed, mildewed, jejune, pedestrian, jaded, trite, platitude, banal,
vacuous, mundane
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