TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – TAGUIG

Km 14 East Service Rd. Western Bicutan, Taguig City

ELECTRICAL AND ALLIED DEPARTMENT

I. Instructions: Answer and explain the following questions. Paraphrasing is

recommended.

1. What is meant by transformer action? Under what conditions will it take place? Under what
conditions will it not take place?
- When two wire coils are inductively connected, the flux that travels through one of them
also travels wholly or partially through the other. This means that the coils have a shared
magnetic circuit.
2. Why are transformers more efficient than rotating electric machines?
- Since only copper and iron losses occur in transformers, their efficiency is significantly
higher than that of rotating electric machines. As a result, transformers are more efficient
than spinning electric machines.
3. Distinguish between core-type and shell-type transformers.
- The magnetic component is encircled by coils in the core type. With the low-voltage coil
leads at the top and the high-voltage leads at the bottom, the primary and secondary coils
are wrapped around the edges of the core.

-The magnetic circuit encircles a sizable amount of the windings in shell-type windings.
After assembling each main and secondary coil, the entire assembly is coated with an
insulating varnish before being baked. Once inside the coil opening, the precisely cut
laminations are buttoned together to completely round the coil.
4. Why transformer cores are made of thin laminated sheets?
- During the heating process from electromagnetic induction, eddy current loss, one of the
main losses in electrical current caused by the material changing magnetic field, is present.
Thin laminated sheets reduce the amount of current passing through the core by increasing
its resistance. However, a solid core causes excessive eddy current and heat loss.
5. What is meant by the ratio of transformation? How is induced voltage, turns and currents related
with each other.
- The primary to secondary voltage ratio of a constant-voltage transformer is primarily
influenced by the primary to secondary turns ratio. The voltage ratio will vary slightly
depending on the load's size and power factor. The voltage ratio can be assumed to be equal
to the windings' turn ratio for purposes of general application.

II. Instructions: Solve the following problems. Show your solution. Draw the diagram if
necessary.

1. A 2,300/230-Volt 60-cycle distribution transformer has 1,200 turns on the high side. If the net
cross-sectional area of the iron is 9 sq in., calculate: (a) the total flux (b) the maximum flux
density in the core in maxwells per square inch; (c) the number of secondary turns.
2. A 100-kVA, 2400/240V 60-cycle transformer has the following constants: 𝑅𝑝 = 0.42;𝑋𝑝 = 0.72;
𝑅𝑠 = 0.0038; 𝑋𝑠 = 0.0068. Calculate the following values when referred to the primary and
secondary side: (𝑎)𝑅𝑒𝑞 (𝑏)𝑋𝑒𝑞 (𝑐)𝑍𝑒𝑞
3. Calculate the voltage drops in the primary and secondary terms: (𝑎)𝐼𝑅𝑒𝑞 (𝑏)𝐼𝑋𝑒𝑞