Knowing

the city
Stage 1
 Simple Present

We use the simple present tense when an action is

happening right now, or when it happens regularly (a
habit, a hobbie, etc.)

Example:
I study with my friends.
Affirmative
Structure: Subject + verb (s)+ complement.

Subject Verb
I clean my room every Saturday. I
=
Tania eats meat only on Sundays. You

My students brush their teeth every day. He

-s
She
- es*
It
We
=
They

*-ss, -sh, -ch, -o, -x = kisses, washes, watches, goes, relaxes.

Negative
Structure: Subject + don’t / doesn’t + verb + complement.

I don’t take my lunch before 2:00 pm.

Katia doesn’t do the homework on weekends.
My students don’t copy in the exams.
Subject Negative
I
don´t
You
He
She doesn’t
It
We
don’t
They
Question
Structure: Do / Does + subject + verb + complement + ?

- Do you wake up at 7:00 am?

Subject Negative
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
I
Do
You
- Does Jim wash his car on Fridays? He
She Does
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
It
We
Do
- Do my students work before deadline? They

Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.

 Adverbs of Frequency The adverb of frequency
is before the verb.

Adverbs of Frequency Percentage of time Subject + Adverb of frequency + Main verb + Complement
Always 100% I always eat healthy.
Usually 80% They usually go to the library.
Often 70% Frank often walks outside.
Sometimes 40% We sometimes visit our friends.
Seldom/Almost/Rarely 20% She seldom wears a skirt.
Never 0% Jared never studies at night.
 Present Continuous

• The present continuous verb tense indicates that an action or

condition is happening now and may continue into the future.

Example:
• I am singing my favorite song.
Affirmative
Structure: Subject + verb to be + verb -ing + complement.

• I am cleaning my room right now.

• Tania is eating a hamburger.
• My students are listening to me. Subject Verb to be
I am
You are
He
She is
It
We
are
They
Negative
Structure: Subject + verb to be in negative + verb -ing + complement.

• I am not paying attention.

• Tania is not walking in the park.
• My students are not playing volleyball. Subject Verb to be
I am not
You are not / aren’t
He
She is not / isn’t
It
We
are not / aren´t
They
Question
Structure: Verb to be + subject + verb -ing + complement + ?

• Are you working on the homework?

Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
Subject Verb to be
I Am
• Is Jim cooking the dinner?
You Are
Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. He
She Is
It
• Are my parents going to the movies? We
Are
Yes. they are. No, they aren’t. They
 Affirmative – Subject + can + verb + complement.
John can run faster as dog.
Modal “Can”
Negative – Subject + can’t + verb + complement.
Tim can’t eat 3 hot dogs in 1 minute.
Modal verbs add meaning to
the main verb in a sentence
by expressing possibility, ability, Question – Can + subject + verb + complement?
permission or obligation.
In this context, “can” expresses Can you play the piano?
an ability and it is likely used Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
with Simple Present.

Example:
She can play the violin.
 Imperatives
Affirmative – Verb + complement.
These structures Open the book.
imply “a necessity” Answer the activities.
or “something that is
not avoidable,” but Negative – Don’t + verb + complement.
also “a command.” Don’t use the cellphone.
Don’t say bad words.
 Examples of Imperatives
Usage Example

To give a direct order, or a command Sit down!

To give instructions Open your book.
To make a request Write your name on the board.
Directions Turn left and then go straight to get to the school.
To make an offer Have a piece of cake.
Negative Do not talk in class!
 laptop camera remote control
cellphone

tablet
headphones printer

USB driver
calculator
speaker
 Leisure reading
photography

Activities
fishing

yoga gardening
cooking

bowling

dancing

painting chess
 jacket

Clothes
jeans

pants

coat
scarf

skirt sweater

socks
suit
dress

blouse shirt
cap short
t-shirt
 Vocabulary on page 34 on
Learning guide
Where is the …? ¿Dónde está …? Go straight Sigue derecho.
How can I get to …? ¿Cómo puedo llegar a …? Turn right Da vuelta a la derecha
Can you give me directions to …? Puede dirigirme hacia …? Turn left Da vuelta a la izquierda
Can you tell me how to get to …? Puede decirme ¿cómo llegar a …? Go past the … Pasa …
What’s the best way to get to …? ¿Cuál es el mejor camino para llegar a …? Go through the … Atraviesa …
Cross the road Cruza la calle.
Stop Detente o para.
Take the first turn left Toma la primera a la izquierda.
Take the first turn right Toma la primera a la derecha.
Resources