I YO AM

YOU TU ARE
HE EL IS
SHE ELLA IS
IT ESO IS
WE NOSOTROS ARE
YOU USTEDES ARE
THEY ELLOS ARE

PRESENT SIMPLE
Used for habits, routines and facts.

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Subject + verb
He/she/it + verb + s
 I play football everyday.
 She has English classes
every Wednesday.
 They go to the lake every
Saturday
Subject + don´t/ doesn’t + verb
 I don´t play football.
 She doesn´t have English
classes.
 They don´t go to the lake
every Saturday
Do/does + subject + verb?
 Do I play football?
Yes, I do/No, I don’t
 Does she have English
classes?
Yes, she does/No, she
doesn’t
 Do they go to the lake every
Saturday?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Used to talk about activities at the moment of speaking.

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Subject + verb to be + verb + ing Subject + verb to be + not + verb + ing Verb to be + subject + verb + ing?

 She is taking a nap at the
moment.
 I am writing a letter right now.
 They are excersing.
 She isn´t taking a nap at the moment.
 I am not writing a letter right now.
 They aren´t excersing.
 Is she taking a nap at the
moment?
Yes, she is/No, she isn’t
 Am I writing a letter right now?
Yes, I am/No, I am not
 Are they excersing?
Yes, they are/No, they aren’t
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Use the present perfect simple for things that started in the past and continue in the present
(now).

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Subject + have + past participle Subject + have not + past participle Have + subject + past participle
She/he/it + has + past participle She/he/it + has not + past participle Has + she/he/it + past participle
 I’ve had my bicycle for two  I haven´t seen my friend for a  Has Maria lived here for a
years. long time. long time?
 My mum has worked in this  Maria hasn´t spoken to John Yes, she has/No, she hasn’t
hospital for three years. since yesterday.  Have your parents been
married for a long time?
Yes, they have/No, they
haven’t
When do I use for and since? Look at the examples:
FOR:
 A week
 Two years
 An hour
 A month
 Days
 A long time

SINCE:
 Yesterday
 Saturday
 Christmas
 I was 11
 1999
 Last weekend

PAST SIMPLE
Used to talk about actions finished in the past.

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Subject + verb(+ed)
Subject + past simple
 I walked to my dad´s
house last Monday.
 I went to the shop
yesterday morning.
Subject + didn´t + verb infitive
 They didn´t practice tennis
last week.
Para referirnos al ser/estar
(verb to be):
Subject + was/were
 I was a student
 She was at my mum’s house
 They were in the library
Did + subject + verb?
 Did you go to the
supermaket yesterday?
Yes, I did/No, I didn’t
Para preguntar con el ser/estar
(verb to be):
Were/was + subject + rest?
 Was I a student?
Yes, she was
 Was she at my mum’s
house?
No, she wasn’t
  Were they in the library?
Yes, they were/No, they
weren’t

Para formar el pasado simple con verbos regulares, usamos el infinitivo y añadimos la
terminación “-ed”. Ejemplo:

Want- Wanted Walk-Walked Talk-Talked Play-Played

Excepciones:
1. Para verbos que terminan en una “e”, sólo añadimos “-d”.
Ejemplos:
 change → changed
 believe → believed
2. Si el verbo termina en una vocal y una consonante, doblamos la consonante final.
Ejemplos:
 stop → stopped
 commit → committed
3. Con verbos que terminan en una consonante y una “y”, se cambia la “y” por una “i”.
Ejemplos:
 study → studied
 try → tried

TENER EN CUENTA VERBOS IRREGULARES:

Be  was (I, he, she, it)
were (you, we, they)
Do  did
Have  had
etc

PAST CONTINUOUS
Use the past continuous to talk about actions in progress at a certain time in the past.

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Subject + was/were + verb ing
 Mary was driving to New
York.
 Joseph and Thomas were
standing in the kitchen
Subject + wasn´t/weren´t +verb ing
 She wasn´t buying anything at
the shop.
 They weren´t wearing their
school uniform.
Was/Were + subject + verb ing
 Was Lucy doing a
handstand?
 Were they playing tennis?

FUTURE SIMPLE
Used to talk about actions that are going to happen in the future.

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Subject + will + verb Subject + won´t + verb Will + subject + verb
 He will go to the beach  They won´t travel to  Will you come to the
Paris. party?
Yes, I will/No, won’t
PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE
Here we focus on the person or thing affected by the action, when the subject is unknown,
unclear or irrelevant.

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Subject + verb to be + past Subject + verb to be + not + Verb to be + subject + past
participle past participle participle
 A boy is taken to a hut.  Bamboo isn´t used.  Is bamboo used?
 The boys are taken to a hut.  Knives aren´t used.  Are knives used?

PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE

This form focus on the development of an action and not so much on the subject.

AFIRMATIVE
Object+ was/were + past participle
 The window was opened by
Mary

FIRST CONDITIONAL
It´s used to talk about things which might happen in the future, there is a real possibility
If Condition Result1
Present simple Will/won’t + base verb
If she studies hard, she will pass the exam

Result if Condition
Will/won’t + base form Present simple
She will pass the exam if she studies hard

SECOND CONDITIONAL
We use it for unreal situations in the future, that are not impossible but difficult to come true.
If Condition Result
Past simple Would + base verb
If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house

Result if Condition
Would + base verb Past simple
I would buy a new house if I won the lottery

1
Ambos condicionales están formados por una condición, un resultado y un if. Lo resaltado en rojo la
fórmula para poder armar cada oración, ya sea en First conditional o Second conditional.