Lab Report No #04

Fall- 2022

Digital Signal Processing

Submitted By

Mahnoor

Registration No

20pwcse1928.

Section: A

“On my honor, as student of University of Engineering and Technology, I

have neither given nor received unauthorized assistance on this academic
work”

Department of Computer Systems Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar.

CSE 402L: Digital Signal Processing
Demonstration of Poor (Does not meet Fair (Meet Good (Excs Score
Concepts expectation (1)) Expectation (2-3)) Expectation (4-5)

The student failed to The student The student 30%

demonstrate a clear demonstrated a clear demonstrated a clear
understanding of the understanding of understanding of the
assignment concepts some of the assignment concepts
assignment concepts

Accuracy The student The student The student 30%

completed ( <50%) completed partial completed all
tasks and provided tasks (50% - <90%) required tasks (90%-
MATLAB code with accurate 100%) with accurate
and/or Simulink MATLAB code MATLAB code
models with errors. and/or Simulink and/or Simulink
Outputs shown are models. Correct models. Correct
not correct in form of outputs are shown in outputs are shown in
graphs (no labels) form of graphs form of labeled
and/or tables along (without labels) graphs and/or tables
with incorrect and/or tables along along with correct
analysis or remarks. with correct analysis analysis or remarks.
or remarks.
Following The student clearly The student failed to The student followed
Directions failed to follow the follow the some of the verbal and written 20%
verbal and written the verbal and written instructions to
instructions to instructions to successfully
successfully successfully complete
complete the lab complete all requirements of the
requirements of the lab
lab

Time Utilization The student failed to The student failed to The student
complete even part of complete the entire completed the lab in
the lab in the allotted lab in the allotted its entirety in the 20%
amount of time amount of time allotted amount of
time
Lab 4:

OBJECTIVES:

▪ Analysis of Amplitude Modulated and Demodulated Signal using MATLAB.

DEFINITIONS:

1.Amplitude Modulation:

Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most

commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave. In amplitude modulation, the
amplitude (signal strength) of the wave is varied in proportion to that of the message signal,
such as an audio signal.

2.Amplitude Demodulation:

Amplitude modulation is a process by which the wave signal is transmitted by modulating the
amplitude of the signal. It is often called AM and is commonly used in transmitting a piece of
information through a radio carrier wave. Amplitude modulation is mostly used in the form of
electronic communication.

3.List three reasons, why we implement Amplitude Modulation in

Communication Systems

1. One reason to use amplitude modulation in communication systems is that it is relatively

2. Another reason is that AM is relatively robust against interference and noise, so it can
provide reliable communication even in challenging environments.
3. AM is also widely used because it is compatible with a variety of transmission media,
including both wired and wireless systems, and can be easily adapted for use with
different types of information signals (such as audio or data).

4.Modulation Index.

The modulation index is ratio of modulating signal voltage(Vm) to the carrier voltage(Vc). The
modulation index equation is as follows. m = Vm/Vc,The modulation index should be a number
between 0 and 1. When m is greater than 1, severe distortion results into the modulated
waveform. This condition results when Vm is greater than Vc and it is also known as over
modulation.The ideal condition is when Vm is equal to Vc and m is equal to 1. In this situation,
greater output is generated at the receiver with no or minimal distortion.Modulation index can
be calculated by knowing modulating voltage and carrier voltage.
5.Input Modulation Index from 0 to 1.4, the increment step should be 0.2.
Observe/analyze and comment about the output observed.

Varying the modulation index results in change in amplitude modulation envelop. When
modulation index is less than 1 or equal to 1, there are no over-tunes in the envelop. When
modulation index is increased more than 1, the over-tunes in the envelop starts to appear
which is an undesired behavior.

Procedure:

1. Create and plot (both time and frequency domain) a message signal with amplitude 10 and
frequency 200 Hz

2. Create and plot (both time and frequency domain) a Carrier signal with amplitude
10/Modulation Index and frequency 2000 Hz

3. Modulate the message signal with the carrier using the desired Modulation Index. Plot
modulated signal in both time and frequency domain. Observe/Analyze the output. Hint: y =
ammod(ym, fc, 100000, 0, Ac);

4. Demodulate the Modulated signal . Observe/Analyze the output. Hint: z = amdemod(y, fc,
100000, 0, Ac);

5. Now, varying Input Modulation Index from 0 to 1.4, the increment step should be 0.2 Also,
plotting the phase response of the signal.

Step1:Create and plot (both time and frequency domain) a message signal with
amplitude 10 and frequency 200 Hz

fs=1/10000;
t=0:fs:0.02;
A=10;
fm=200;
% message signal
msg=A*cos(2*pi*fm*t);
% message signal in time domain
plot(t,msg);
title("Message Signal (Time Domain)")
xlabel("Time(t)")
ylabel("Amplitude")
% message signal in frequency domain
msg_fft=fft(msg);
shift_msg=fftshift(msg_fft);
n=length(msg_fft);
f=(-n/2:n/2-1)*(3000/n);
plot(f,abs(shift_msg));
title("Message Signal (frequency Domain)")
xlabel("Time(t)")
ylabel("Amplitude")
Step2:Create and plot (both time and frequency domain) a Carrier signal with
amplitude 10/Modulation Index and frequency 2000 Hz

%implitude index
m=input('Enter modulation index:')
% carrier signal in time domain
fc=2000;
Ac=10/m;
Carrier=Ac*cos(2*3.14*fc*t)
plot(t,Carrier)
title("Carrier Signal(Time Domain)")
xlabel("Time(t)")
ylabel("Amplitude")
% frequency domain
xc_fft=fft(Carrier);
shift_xc=fftshift(xc_fft);
n=length(xc_fft);
f=(-n/2:n/2-1)*(4000/n);
plot(f,abs(shift_xc));
title("Carrier Signal(Frequency Domain)")
xlabel("Time(t)")
ylabel("Amplitude")
Step3:Modulate the message signal with the carrier using the desired Modulation
Index. Plot modulated signal in both time and frequency domain.

% modulation
modx=ammod(msg,fc,10000,0,Ac);
% plotting modulated signal
plot(t,modx)
title("Modulated Signal (Time Domain)")
xlabel("Time(t)")
ylabel("Amplitude")
% frequency domain
modx_fft=fft(modx);
shift_modx=fftshift(modx_fft);
n=length(modx_fft);
f=(-n/2:n/2-1)*(4000/n);
plot(f,abs(shift_modx));
title("Modulated Signal (Frequency Domain)")
xlabel("Time(t)")
ylabel("Amplitude")
Step4: Demodulate the Modulated signal.

% demodulate the siignal

demod=amdemod(modx,2000,10000,0,Ac);
plot(t,demod);
title("Demodulated Signal (Time Domain)")
xlabel("Time(t)")
ylabel("Amplitude")
% frequency domain
demod_fft=fft(demod);
shift_demod=fftshift(demod_fft);
n=length(demod_fft);
f=(-n/2:n/2-1)*(4000/n);
plot(f+200,abs(shift_demod));
title("Demodulated Signal (Frequency Domain)")
xlabel("Time(t)")
ylabel("Amplitude")
Remarks:
In this lab, we have learned about Analysis of Amplitude Modulated and Demodulated Signal
using MATLAB where we give message signal and carrier signal both in time and frequency
domain then Modulate the message signal with the carrier using the desired Modulation Index
.when we varying the modulation index results in change in amplitude modulation envelop.
When modulation index is less than 1 or equal to 1, there are no over-tunes in the envelop. When
modulation index is increased more than 1, the over-tunes in the envelop starts to appear which
is an undesired behavior. To avoid such scenarios, we try to use index of modulation values less
than or equal to one thus avoiding undesired over tunes in the transmission of signals. then
demodulate the modulated signal