Chopter

Physical Education and

Sports for CWSN
(Children with Special Needs-Divyang)

i
Fastrack (REVISION
y lhe lerm disobiy means piysical,
develoa.ed, Sensery cognitive, were heid in Atu Dhabi, Uned Arai Emilaes, fron
entat impairment that March 14 to March 21, 2019. 1he sext viorid sunmer
e redce persos ality
to
6ay i day tivies and inieron witih tthe carry
out us anes witi be held in Berlin, Crary, tel wees Sre
world around 16 to June 25, 2023
isitiies ffet people
in ditferent ways Fhe first Worid Winter Gemes were held i 1977
v 9e
pers has e same iype of disabiily as SHeamboat Springs, Coiorado, iS The ma 1ecent
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yG ring pesons fetime r , hlading and Rasau, Austria, feom March
gensioss Proating Disotiiky Sports 14, 2017 to Marh 25, 2917
i n n a i federatioe of Adapicd
pysical Activity 99 *
t AA es kenainal cooperaticn in the T h e perial Olympis go s based on the vuipture
feld pAys ai ativy for the benefit of individuals oy and Happiness o all the Chiidren of t e iorid
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g a z a i s and agencies whh work under . thenselves for rder, more prodaive tives. The
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w were ouely plared in custodial insttutions. ) Young Athietes Programme for youre yepe
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o s s oeernae between sumer afd winter sames,
n twoyeer yes, recurrig every fourh year. The ) Heakthy Athletes Progrmve This proeamme
f t genes were eid on kuiy 20, 1968, in Chago, ofers heaitm screenings to athietes in fees. in 37
Rais, wth stot 1900 athetes trom e US. and Special 0ympis began an ineiaie called Heaithy
 seven areas: Fit Feet (podiatry). FUN fitness (physical
therapy). Health Promotion (better health and well-
being). Healthy Hearing (audiology). MedFest (sports
physical exam). Opening Eyes (vision) and Special
Smiles (dentistry). Screenings educate athletes on
health issues and also identify the problems that
may need additional follow-up.
Special Olympic Sports Rules/Guidelines
Athletes shall be divided into competition
division based upon their ability, age and sex.
Competition divisions are structured so that an
athlete competes against another athlete of
similar ability.
Special Olympics has more than 30 Olympic
types individual and team sports that
provide meaningful training and competition
opportunities for people with intellectual
disabilities.
A t competitions, medals are awarded to the
first, second and third-place winners in each
event, and ribbons are awarded to athletes who
finish in fourth through eighth place.
To participate in Special Olympics, a person must
be at least 8 years old and identified by an agency
or professional as having one of the following
conditions: intellectual disabilities, cognitive
delays as measured by formal assessment, or
significant learning or vocational problems due
to cognitive delay that requires or has required
specially designed instruction.
Special olympics Bharat
SpecialOlympics Bharatisa NationalSports Federation,
registered under the indian Trust Act 1882, in 2001
and is accredited by Special Olympics International
to conduct Special Olympics Programmes in India.
It is recognised by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and
Sports, Government of India as a National Sports
Federation in the Priority Category, for development
of Sports for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities.
It was founded in 1987 as Special Olympics India, and
from 2001 it became as Special Olympics Bharat.
Mission of Special Olympics Bharat
The mission of Special Olympics Bharat is to provide
year-round sports training and athletic competition
in 25 Olympic-style individual and team sports for
children and adults with intellectual disabilities, giving
them continuing opportunities to develop physical
Fitness, demonstrate courage, experience joy and
participate in a sharing of gifts, skills and friendship
with their families, other Special Olympics athletes
and the community.
Special Olympics Bharat organise training and
competitions at local, district, state, national and
international levels.
Objective of Special Olympics Bharat
Focus on holistic development and training that
goes beyond the classrooms
into the playing
fields, cultural and community centres, to
motivate children with disabilities to join and
remain in school.
Create role models who will inspire the children
and also motlvate parents into sending their
children to school and to participate in sports
and other extra-curricular activities.
Train teachers to sensitize them to needs of
special children, and create a cadre of physica
education teachers from among the disabled
who can work with schoois and community
centres.
Ensure maximum involvement of community for
greater public understanding and acceptance of
people with intellectual disabilities
Paralympics
T h e Paralympic Games or Paralympics is a periodic
series of international multi-sport events involving
athletes with a range of physical disabilities, including
limb deficiency, leg length difference, short stature,
vision impairment and intellectual impairment. All
Paralympic Games are governed by the Internationa
Paralympic Committee (IPC).
In 1948, Jewish-German born Dr. Ludwig Guttmann
Mandeville Hospital, Great Britain hosteda
of Stoke
sports competition for British Wortd War I veteran
patients with spinal cord injuries. The first games
were called the 1948 International wheeichair
Games. Guttmann's aim was to create an elite sports
competition for people with disabilities that would be
equivalent to the Olympic Games.
The first ofricial Paralympic Games was held in Rome,
have
Italy in 1960. Since 1960, the Paralympic Games
taken place in the same year as the Otympic Games
The Games were initially open only to athletes in
wheelchairs; at the 1976 Summer Games, athletes
with different disabilities were included for the first
time at a Summer Paralympics.
"Spirit in Motion" is the motto for the Paralympics.
The symbol for the Paralympics contains three
colours, (red, blue, and green) which are the colours
most widely represented in the flags of nations.
International Paralympic Committee
>The International Paralympic Committee is the global
governing body of the Paralympic Movement. The
president of the IPC is Andrew Parsons. The PC'S
international headquarters are in Bonn, Germany.
The IPC is responsible for organising the Summer
and Winter Paralympic Games. It also serves as the
International Federation for nine sports, supervising
and coordinating the World Championships and other
comp titions for each of the nine sports it regulates.
The vision of the IPC is, "to enable ParaBympic
athletes to achieve sporting excellence and to inspire
and excite the world." The Paralympic anthem is
"Hymne de l'Avenir or "Anthem of the Future. It
was composed by Thierry Darnis and adopted as the
official anthem in March 1996.
Categories
Amajor challenge facing the organisers of para
sports is that the competition may become one
sided and predictable, in which the least impaired
athlete will always win. To prevent this, para-athietes
are placed in categories for competition based on
their impairment, these are called sport classes
Paralympic athletes have an impairment in body
structure and functions that leads to a competitve
disadvantage in sports. Consequently, criteria are pu
 in ptace to ensure that winning is determined by sk/ts
tness power, endurance, tacticat ability and mentat
Focus When an athBete starts competine, she/heis
altecated a tass that may be reviewed throughout
the ethlete's career.
The purpese of the riteria
Defining the impairment group in whith an
athlete can compete in the various
sports.
Groupln athletes in ctasses defined by the
degree of activity timitation related to the
impairment and/or specific to the task in the
sport
The IPC has established ten
disability categories,
incdding physical, visual, and intetlectual impairment
Athletes with one of these disabilities can compete in
the Paraiympes though not every
sport can allow for
every disability category. These categories apply
both Summer and Winter Paralynmpics.
Physical tmpairment: There are eight different types of
physical impairment:
Impaired Muscle Power With impairments in
this category, the force generated by muscles,
such as the muscles of one limb, one side of the
body or the lower half of the body is reduced.
For example, spinal cord injury, spina bifida,
post polio syndrome.
mpaired Passive Range of Movement: Range
of movement in one or more joints is reduced
in a systematic way. Acute conditions such as
arthritis are not included in this category.
Loss of Limb or Limb Deficiency: A total or
partial absence of bones or joints From partial
or total loss due to itlness, trauma, or congenital
limb deficiency. e.g, amputation, dysmelia.
Legtength Difference: Significant bone shortening
in one leg due to congenital deFiciency or
occurs
trauma.
Short stature: Standing height is reduced due to
shortened legs, arms and trunk, which are due
to a musculoskeletal deficit of bone or cartilage
structures. e.g achondroplasia, growth
hormone deficiency, osteogenesis imperfecta.
Hypertonia: Hypertonia is marked by an
abnormal increase in muscte tension and redured
ability of a muscle to stretch. Hypertonia may
result from injury, disease, or conditions which
involve damage to the central nervous system.
e.g, cerebral palsy.
Ataxia: Ataxia is an impairment that consists
of a lack of coordination of muscle movements.
e.g, cerebral palsy, Friedreich's ataxia, multiple
sclerosis.
Athetosis: Athetosis is generally characterised
by unbalanced, involuntary movements and a
difficulty maintaining a symmetrical posture
(eg. cerebral palsy, choreoathetosis).
2. Visual Impairment: Athletes withtovisual impairment
be judged legally
from partial vision, sufficient
ranging
blind, to total blindness. This includes impairment of one
or more component of the visual system eye structure,
receptors, optic nerve pathway, and visual
cortex.
significant
3. Intellectual Disability: Athletes withanda associated
impairment in intellectual functioning
limitations in adaptive behaviour Fall under the category
of intellectual disability. The IPC primarily serves athletes
with physical disabilities, but the Intellectual Disability
group has been added to some Paralympic Games. This
inefudes onty athtete with excerptionat athteie sbifty
have htetfectuat disabilities diagnosed tbefore he sg f
18.HowevEr, the toc recognised Spexiat mpre oid
Games are open to al peopfe with inteftertual disabiti
Paralympie tommittee ofthdis
The Paralympit Committee of ndia (ti) the body
esponsibte for seferting athletes to represent tidis
at the Paralympit tames and bther intenationa
athtetic meets and for managing the tmdian teams at
the events
th tndia "Physicafly Handicapped sports Federatin
of tndia was the First organisation that was Formed
in 1992 by Mr. M. Mahadeva, an Arjuna Awardee and
Paralympian. tater the name was thanged to the
Paralympit Committee of tndia ( ) whirh How
to the Governing Body of Paralympit Sports in hdia. it
is recognised by both, iPc and the Ministry df Vouth
AFfairs and Sports, Govt of ndta. The Head brire of
PCIis located in Dethi white the Registered Dire i
in Bengalun.
Aims and objectives of Paralympit tommitte
To promote and ontribute to the development
of sport opportunities and competition ro
the start to elite level
To develop opportunities For athtete witR
severe disability in sport at all levels ànd in all
structures
To promote the self govemanee of earh
Paralympic Sports Federation as an integraf
part of the National sport movement, whilst at
all times safeguarding and preserving its ow
identity.
To ensure the spirit of Fair play prevails, the
health risk of the athletes is managed and
undamental ethical principtes are upheld
To identify disabted athletes ihroughout tmdra
imparting neressary training t them and
preparing them to take part in 5tate, National
and Intermational 5ports meets.
Deaflympics
The Deaflympics are a periodic series of mliti spait
events sanctioned by the tntematitonal diympe
Committee (Oc) at which Deaf athtetes conmpeie
at an elite level. Unlike the athletes in other c
sanctioned events (the oympies, the Paralympies, and
the Special Olympics), athteles cannot be guded by
sounds (such as starting pistols, buthorn commands
or referee whistles). The games have been organied
by the Comité internalional tes 5ypots tes Souni
(CIS5, "The lnternational Committee of Sports Frtr the
DeaF) since the first event in Paris in 192
Officially, the games were eiginaily ralted the
"International Games for the Deaf" Fronm 1924
1965. From 1966 to 1999 they were ralled the wbrtd
Games for the Deaf". Fnm 2001, the games have
been knewnbytheir eurrent name DeaFtympts (often
mistakenty called the Deaf Olvmts
Twenty three (23) 5ummer Games, have been hef
consistently at 4 year inbervais sinee the mitial hai
9ames. The only exceptions were he vaihelatran of
1943 and 1947 Games because ofWitd War H, ad an
additional event, the Deaftympi Winter tames, wa
added in 1949.
 Physicat Acteies for ChRdren
es
Speciel Needs
) Physical Beneftts: Regdar ivotvemert
physical eccatlon and sport can hetp children
with mtetiectual disabilit.es to deelop e r
gross motor and fine metor skis which may
mprove their cverati performarce when
ercouraged to participate in a regar feness
routine.many CWSN show improvement i
hand-eye coordination and fevitlry muscle
strength. endurance. and even cardiovascular
efficiercy
() Mode of Recreation and Fur CWSN freauerntly
miss out on social activities. recreation and
fun. Participation in extracurricular and sports
activities can hetp thern overcome this obstacle,
providing them with the atlity to engage in
social interactions. make friends and initiate
social skills
(ii) kmproved Emotional Health: CWSN often
tend to have more emotionat probierns lke
depression. Participating in regular exercise can
be a life-changing benefit by improving menta
health and wellbeing. Physical activity can alsoo
improve general mood and wetlness. which aid
in ermpowering the lives of children with special
needs
(v) Psychological Benefits:
Physical activity
improves. general mood and weliness in
CWSN by improving their self-esteen. social
awareness. and setf- confidence. all of which
factors are essential for empowering their lives
On the one hand. the physical outlet provided
by sports and physical activity reduces anxiety
stress and depression, and on the other hand
interaction and involvement with other students
gves children a sense of accomplishmernt and
confidence.
()Healthy Lifestyle Physical activities
beneficial for CWSN because these activities
reduce or decrease the risk of various health
complications like high blood pressure. diabetes
and at the same time improve appetite and
sleeping disorder
(vi) Behavioural Benefits: Sports and Games help
the child tearn to practice self-regulation
and enhance their decision- making skills. In
addition. CWSN can learn to focus on specific
goals, and work on their verbal communication
by interacting with peers on the sports field.
Sports and Physical edu ation teach children
a range of skills that including teamwork.
problem solving abilüties, increased attention
span, and focus on task-based behaviour.
(i) Increased Independence For a person with
a disability, an increase in physical activíty
can lead to more independence and freedom.
Ircreased physical strength and energy that
come fronm regular exercise allows persons
with disability to do more daily tasks without
assistance.
e Stratagies t» Maire Py
CwsN
Participarien yica y 5 efriia .
in saralir.
chldren, nckirg s e E
Darticipate sf cliran wE ialit.a inei s s
rereatior arttis mrsresen iimisa
decanitoring. cpizes y u a fueet
weti beG n g t e thee
enhances avera
ieeis of e t y than
hagher
disablities
Foilowing stratejis
consideration to make pyal xH.e arra
for Cw
Communicationx Addrarce irformat atrt a
space, resource e r s e or a y charge
in
arxu
shold be communicated deary A varetyof i r s
instructional straceges s u c as v e a , a i ard
teaching shouid be used ior pertormirG varos
of physical actiities so that Children get opo
The tescter
uit
participate in pryscal a t J .
to
use visuals or soial story aitot e active
f e e a k As
positive, correctve or specëc
the ability of the chid, specifc instructien mu
provided in simpie words and sentences. The tore
shouid be low and one instruction shcld be gian
at a time. f necessary, a comeuricat.e brad
communication bock couid be used.
Spac Space shold be avproachatie for pecje
having physical disatility. Space for actiities shosd
be disturtance free (noise, heat, coid. terture f
floor, audience etc). Boundaries should be demarked
dearty as starting point, Finishing point, siezing area
Equipment: A lack appropriate eguipmene
coupled with a lack of professionais trained
support physical activity amang chiidres and youth
with different ablity leveis, d'scourages particicaten.
In recent years several modfed deces are on
are
offer for adapted sports. There are many erampies
of simple and sophisticated equipment, inctuding
computerised devices like wheeidhairs for rerestion
and sport activities.
Socíal Strategies: Alow the child to choose a soert
she/he enjoys. It's easier for children to be motivated
when they enjoy the activity. At first, encourage the
child with special needs to watch others. Let the
child see people having fun as they piay. Then, start
with individual training, transfer to small group with
supervision and reminder. Be a mediator to interact
with other members of group. Keep individual chec
on each person participation and motivate them wic
reminder whenever they get distraction.
Psychological Strategies: Because of prerios
exclusion or limited access, children with disabites
need a lot of motivation to participate in physca
activity. Changing attitudes is the key to increasing
participation. These barriers include attitudes
opinions and perceptions preventing partiipation
in sport. Once children see improvements in musce
strength, coordination, and flexibility and experience
better balance, motor skills and body awareness, hey
will have positive changes towards sports

ided Artivittee: Duritnd initial stage activities
eetd be siimpte and the activity should be based on
nete artien. theie should be a gradual move from
Heh lecometer to loeonmotor (suchasrunning,jumpirn9
hepeine. and sliding) to manipulated activities
overhand
(such as throwing, catchin9, kicking,
throw, and underhand roll). The activity must be
practised with progressive count, or even performed
dramatically with rhymes or songs with voice
modulation so they enjoy the activities.