Readings in Philippine

History

NAME: Jessie Lois B. Mendiola

Course/Section:
BS Entrepreneurship 1-C
Worksheet 1

I. Instructions: The diagram below shows the definition of terms related to sources.
Rewrite each of them in your own words on the space provided.

Primary – not made or coming Firsthand – coming directly from

from something else; original the original source

It is comes to an direct or Where the information or data

firsthand source originates.
the authentic and have not
been subjected
to.evaluation or assessment.

Source – a person, publication,

or object that gives informationl

Where the credits comes from.

Secondary – coming from or Secondhand – not original taken

created using an original source from someone or something else

Secondary sources analyze, It is the secondary owner of

review, or summarize
something, it is from the first
information in primary
resources or other secondary hand of the certain thing.
resources.

Worksheet 1.A
Instructions: Based on your definitions from the previous activity, enumerate examples of
primary sources. Write your answers on the web diagram below.
 Autobiograp
Poems Diaries
hies

Governmen Primary Personal

t Reports Source Narratives

Interviews Speech Manuscripts

Academic
Essay Textbooks
Books

Journal Secondary
Biographies
Articles Source

Political
Dictionaries Newspaper Commentar
y

1.B
Evaluating Primary and Secondary Sources
Instruction: Provide a hardcopy of the resources used

a. Marcos’ Declaration of Martial Law

 Using online resources, search for primary and secondary sources that show or explain
the significance of the above historical event. Write down the selected sources and identify
the possible biases that they might contain.

Example: diary of Juan de la Cruz – one sided version of the story

Historical Event:

1. Primary Sources:
a. News-ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp. they are one of the news covered during the
martial law they said they lost their press freedom because they’re against to Pres.
Ferdinand Marcos.
b. Diary The Marcos diary entry on martial law by Josef San Jose – Biased to another
side of the government officials during the martial law.
c. Poems- Martial law By Barren (January 2014) he wrote how dark was during martial
law. All people don’t know when it will be precarious and when it will end the
violence and killings.
d. Interviews-Torture victim Romeo Luneta- He states what happened on him they are
part of one of the organizations during that time and he is arrested by the military.
He stated also on his interview how he tortured by the military.
e. Personal Narrative of Kiko Bautista of Martial Law Victims in the Philippines-The
point of the narrative is non biased because he looked for the both sides of the
government and also for the people who been victims during Martial Law.

2. Secondary Sources:
a. Essay An open letter for the filipino youth-And they’re going to the side of the victims
during Martial law.
b. Journal Articles by Philippine values and Martial law published by Cambridge
University April 07 ,2011.The side of the journal is not biased , they point about the
government, democracy amd dictatorship during the martial law.
c. Text book The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos by Primitivo Mjares
d. Newspaper by the Daily Express itself announced in its September 24 issue that Marcos
had proclaimed martial law the day before, September 23, 1972. After the declaration and
imposition of Martial Law, citizens would still go on to challenge the constitutionality of
Proclamation.
e. Political Commentary by David Wurfel “ Martial law in the Philippines the methods of
Regime Survival” The point of view is more on the government elections free of speech by the
media press and they include Filipino democratic institutions did not break down.

Worksheet 1.C
Analyzing Primary Sources
Instructions: Read the full transcript of the undelivered Arrival Speech of Senator Benigno S.
Aquino, Jr. and answer the following questions. The speech can be accessed at
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/631394/undelivered-speech-of-senator-benigno-s-aquino-jr

1. First Impressions

A. What are your first impressions about the undelivered speech?

On the first part of the speech was the concern for the people of the Philippines the
Democracy in the country and sacrificing for our country even he has the death
sentenced before. It is very dignified and eye opener.

B. What kind of document is it (letter, ad, newspaper, etc)

It is Speech this is primary source.

11. Looking More Closely: Please copy/paste the whole transcript. Highlight/encircle the
unfamiliar words you encountered while reading the speech.

A. Make a list of unusual or unfamiliar words or phrases you encountered while

reading the speech.
1. Deteriorated
2. Subversion
3. Regime
4. Disputes
5. Agonies
6. Cadre
7. Surmounted
8. Leniency
9. Habeas Corpus
10. Bypass

B. Is there a specific date on the speech. If so, when is it? If there is none, are there
clues that might indicate when it was written?

This speech was not written on a specific date by Senator Benigno Aquino Jr., but
there is a clue that suggests when it was written. His arrival on August 21, 1983,
which may indicate when he wrote it, may provide a clue.

C. Is there an indicted location? Where is it?

 He returned from United States of America for a heart bypass surgery, therefore, he
must be in the Philippines at this time.

D. Who authored the document? Why did you say so?

It is written by Senator Benigno Aquino Jr., who wrote it from the first person and
was writing about his thoughts and experiences.

E. To whom was the written document addressed? How did you know?

The document speaks to those who disapproved of him and did not trust him
because he spoke in a way to support his opinions.

F. What is the purpose of the document? What made you think so?

The document's objective is to demonstrate to the public that nonviolent means of

achieving justice are just as effective as violent ones.

III. Thinking Further

A. What is the point of view of the author? Is it objective? Why?

The author's message, in my opinion, was centered on the fight for every Filipino's
freedom and rights and the end of economic, political, and social subversion.

B. What is the relationship between the writer and the audience? Explain

The writer and the viewers have a professional relationship. There appears to be a
conflict between them that has not been resolved.

IV. Detective work: Tracing the Roots (Fake News)

Instructions: Using the references below, analyze the origin and the development of
“fake news” in the Maragtas story and the Code of Kalantiaw. How did the
researchers discover that they are hoaxes? Considering the Primary and secondary
sources below, write a 500-word analysis on a separate sheet of paper.
Video Clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKqgfCtDx0M

Code of Kalintiaw was a legal code that appeared in the epic tale Maragtas. It is said
to have been written in 1433 by a chief on the Philippines island of Negros. It was
actually written in 1913 by Jose E. Marco as part of his historical fiction.
 Some of the Maragtas legends have long been a part of Visayan folklore and they
are a source of fierce pride for many Visayans today. The stories of the ten datus or
chiefs have been told for generations and they are perfectly believable, as far as
legends go, if we put aside the modern additions such as obviously phoney "original"
manuscripts and the use of precise but utterly uncorroborated dates from the pre-
colonial era.
After all, it is not hard to believe that exiles could have sailed from Borneo to settle
in Panay. Why not? Even though there are no ancient documents to show that Chief
Sumakwel and his followers actually existed, there is much archaeological and
foreign documentary evidence of regular trade and travel at that time between the
Philippines and its neighbours.
But while Monteclaro's misguided ethnic pride, and the blatant dishonesty of other
writers who further embellished his work, blurred the line between legends and
hard historical facts, the story of Kalantiaw is more alarming because he was never a
part of Philippine history or legend. Kalantiaw was an utter hoax from the beginning.

The principal reason is the absence of authentic proof. There are basically no
composed or pictorial reports from that time in Philippine history. There are no
reports from different nations that notice the incomparable Kalantiaw by the same
token. There is likewise no proof that Philippine culture at any point produced such
a primitive arrangement of regulations. The early Spanish records let us know that
Filipino custom around then permitted even the most serious criminals to pay a fine
or be set into subjugation for a period in instances of obligation. As the preacher
Francisco Colín wrote in 1663: Beside the dicey beginning of the Code of Kalantiaw
and Pavón's Leyendes, which contains it, these reports themselves are both
exceptionally dubious. The title of the Code is The 17 propositions, or laws of the
Regulos [Datus] being used in 150 starting around 1433 (sic) however there are
really 18 regulations recorded, which cover roughly forty unique offenses, and not
16 regulations as detailed by Artigas in 1913. What's more, obviously, the dates in
the title have neither rhyme nor reason. During the 1800s it was as yet normal to
truncate dates by discarding the first or two digits of a year however never the last
digits. Hence the number 150 was not a withdrawal of the year 1500. It must be
1150, which is similarly as absurd as 150. The subsequent section to a limited extent
two of Leyendes tells about the structure of Kalantiaw's fortification in 433

Worksheet 2-A
Customs of the Tagalogs -Juan De Plasencia
Instructions: Based on your assumptions, describe the community of the Tagalogs to the arrival
of the Spaniards and Christianization of Filipinos in terms of the following:

1. Religious practices

The native Filipinos had religions of their own long even before Spaniards arrived in
the Philippines. After right around 400 years of Spanish contact withinside the
Philippines, the memorable Filipino individuals were obsession admirers of their
own Divine beings which they trust the people who keep up with all that they need
and who brings unfortunes or karma however they had one soul whom they
accepted that was the best of all and the maker or producer of things. The Filipinos
respected to have taken on Catholicism from the Spanish. They likewise loved the
spirits of their progenitors, which were addressed by little pictures called "anitos"
which are any articles accepted to have supernatural power, were normal among
individuals, and icons or pictures were venerated. They had no sanctuaries or public
spots of love, yet every one had his anitos in his own home and played out his
penances and demonstrations of love there. As penances they killed pigs or
chickens, and made such events seasons of devouring, melody, and inebriation. The
existence of the Filipino was without a doubt loaded up with odd feelings of
trepidation and imaginings

2. Concepts of marriage and family

In pre-pilgrim days, the idea of wedding services joining one lady and one man. In
pre-Hispanic marriage customs, a wedding service endured three days. Right off the
bat, the lady and lucky man were brought to the place of a cleric or babaylan, who
joined their hands over a plate of crude rice and favored the couple. On the third
day, the minister pricked the chests of both lady of the hour and husband to be and
drew a little blood.

3. Community mores, values and beliefs

Spain's mission in the Philippines was nothing not exactly the full Christianization
and Hispanization of the Filipino. Over the long run, Filipinos concocted their
transformations of different Spanish dishes, values, culture and convictions. The
main character in the Catholic religion is Jesus, then, his natal day is the most
extraordinary of all events.

4. Community laws and political system

 All written and unwritten rules existed among the first Filipinos. The datus
promulgated the written laws. The "maragtas Code," supposedly authored by Datu
Sumakwel of Panay around 1250 A.D., and the "Kalingitaw Code," purportedly
written by Datu Kalintiaw of Panay in 1433 A.D., are the two known written codes
from the pre-Spanish era.

5. Economic system

The bargain framework was executed around then and the pre-pioneer individuals
partook in a daily existence loaded up with imported products which mirrored their
style and way of life. The huge commitment made is formal training and established
logical schooling. Spaniards has presented schooling in the country. Technique for
horticulture were likewise educated. in this period there were colleges and school
laid out. American presented free training to the Philippine Island.

6. Socialization practices

Before the coming of Spanish colonizers, the people of the Philippine archipelago
had already attained a semicommunal and semislave social system in many parts
and also a feudal system in certain parts, especially in Mindanao and Sulu, where
such a feudal faith as Islam had already taken roots

Worksheet 2-B
Instructions: Identify the practices mentioned by Plasencia on the following aspects:

1. Community

a. The community does not require to pay taxes.

b.They are ruled by a Datu who is the chieftain of a village.

2. Property

3. Children inherited the

properties of their parents.
4. b. Each community has a
pond only families within can
fish
5. Children inherited the
properties of their parents.
6. b. Each community has a
pond only families within can
fish
7. Children inherited the
properties of their parents.
8. b. Each community has a
pond only families within can
fish
a. The children inherited the properties of their parents.
b. Each community has a pond only families within can fish

9. Marriage
a. The Man is required to give dowry to the family of the bride.
b. Men were monogamous.

10. Religion
a. They worship not only one but many gods and goddess.
b. They are believing the worhipping to animals and trees.

11. Superstitions
a. They believe in myths and folklore.
b. They believe in magical powers in lucky charms poisons using herbals.

12. Burial or Death

a. The burial usually held for a week before the funeral.
b. They bury on the ground.
Worksheet 2-C
Assessing the importance of the Primary Sources in understanding the Grand Narrative of
Philippine History.
Instructions: Give three (3) reasons why Placensia’s Customs of the Tagalogs is important to
the grand narrative of Philippine History.

1. The primary motivation behind why Plasencia's Customs of the Tagalogs is

critical to the grand narrative of Philippine history is on the grounds that it
essentially accounts for the existing framework of the Filipinos during the pre-
hispanic time frame. As per Plasencia, there were three during that time which
are known as the aristocrats or maharlica, commonersiping namamahay, and the
slaves or alipingsa guiguilir.

2. The second reason is Plasencia explains that the early Filipino individuals have
"Badhala" whom they adored. As far as they might be concerned, badhala is
almighty and producer, everything being equal. In the event that the departed
individual was a boss, he will be buried underneath a little house or yard.

3. The third explanation is The "Traditions of the Tagalogs" goes about as a

standard source of the references regarding the pre-triumph locals as it was
considered a primary source. Plasencia accounts for the foundation of
subjection, marriage, organization, etc., but the peruser ought to be cautioned
that it is neither finished nor consistently accurate.
Worksheet 3-A
KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
Instructions: Search for fourteen (14) points presented in the Kartilya ng Katipunan. Select two
from them and explain their significance in maintaining a peaceful and orderly community.

“10. Sa daang matinik ng kabuhayan, lalaki ay siyang patugot ng asawa’t

mga anak: kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa sama, ang pagtutunguhan ng
inaakay ay kasamaan din.” It means that all of us need to be a good
example for everyone because people will saw us will follow. And the true
man leads his family to the right and bright future by showing them that he
is righteous and respect their family and a good Father will protect and
sacrifice for their family.

“4. Maitim man at maputi ang kulay ng balat, lahat ng tao’y

magkakapantay: mangyayaring ang isa’y higtan sa dunong, sa yaman, sa
 ganda…, ngunit di mahihigtan sa pagkatao.” All colors whether if its fair or
dark we are born equal whether you are superiority knowledge ,Wealth
and Beauty are still be understood but the kindness and humanity is above
among all.

Worksheet 3-B
Kartilya ng Katipunan
Instructions.: Read the “Decalogue of the Duties of the Sons of the People” by Andres Bonifacio
and compare it with the Kartilya ng Katipunan” by Emilio Jacinto. In your opinion, which better
suits the needs of Philippine society during the time of the revolution? Explain your answer in
300 to 500 words.

.The “Duties of the sons of the people “ by Andres Bonifacio It shows us that no
matter how terrible circumstances are, it's important to work together. Bonifacio
probably would be the first to admit that the revolution was the result of teamwork.
Collaboration and kindness with others, such as your colleagues, are just as crucial
today as they were during Bonifacio's time. A Kartilya of Katipunan made by Emilio
Jacinto is the ideas about ethical codes, important values, and oath, that must
embody by everykatipunero who is willing to join the Katipunan for the revolution,
and anyone who disobeys will be punished based on their violations. It is containing
code of conduct made by our heroes who fought for the independency of the
Philippines against the Spanish colonization. As far as I might be concerned, I think
the Kartilya ng Katipunan better suits the requirements of Philippine society during
the hour of upheaval. While "Decalogue of the Obligations of the Children of
Individuals" is presently for our cutting-edge days. The Kartilya ng Katipunan was
longer, more abstract, and philosophical. It introduced its idea of righteous living as
examples of self-reflection, as opposed to immediate remedies . It affirmed that it
was the inner, not the outer capabilities that make humans significant. The Kartilya
ng Katipunan includes thirteen illustrations that detail the vision of the Katipunan,
yet the vision for a libertarian and ethically sound Filipino country. While, The
Decalogue of the Obligations of the Children of Individuals had just ten focuses and
managed one's obligations to God, country, family, and neighbor. Both are very
helpful specially to Filipino it is a privilege to have that on our history the two heroes
of the Philippines and the masterpiece and knowledge also from them are we still
using as of now.

Worksheet 4
The Site of the first Mass in the Philippines
Instructions: Answer the following questions briefly

1. What are the issues concerning the site of the First Mass held in the Philippines?

The main Blessed Mass was commended by March 31, 1521, not in the Visayas but
rather in Mindanao since that verifiable occasion, that initial step to marking an area for
the sake of God and Ruler, happened not in Limasawa which is important for the
Visayas, however in Butuan (Mazaua) arranged in northern Mindanao. Kindly don't
believe that I am singularly and arrogantly toppling the ultimate choice of the Public
Verifiable Commission of the Philippines.

2. Which of the contentions on the site of the first Mass is more believable, and why?

The discussion is focused on the topography, or the evident area, of the supposed first
Mass. In contrast with a niche in Butuan, the islet of Limawasa. Neighborhood parochial
interests are pushing for the last option. Starting with history reading material in our
rudimentary study halls, Limasawa has forever been the picked area. Researchers have
been called throughout the years to determine the issue of area since recriminations
have not subsided. The bone that is being battled is genuinely the celebratory boasting
freedoms. The honor of being at the perfect locations with impeccable timing, having
facilitated the absolute first Mass in the Catholic Philippines

3. Why is it significant to establish the accuracy of the details on the first Mass?

_t is very important to know the

significance of the first mass in
the Philippines because it
is the day that Spaniards
that directed the campaign
has carried Christianity to
the
Philippines. They brought
religion in our country.
t is very important to know the
significance of the first mass in
the Philippines because it
is the day that Spaniards
that directed the campaign
has carried Christianity to
the
Philippines. They brought
religion in our country.
it is vital to know the meaning of the first mass in quite a while on the grounds that it is
the day that Spaniards that guided the mission has conveyed Christianity to the
Philippines. They acquired religion our country.

Worksheet 5
Cavite Mutiny
Instructions: Answer the following questions briefly

1. What exactly did Jose Montero and Gov. Gen Rafael Izquerdo tell about the Cavite
mutiny?

Jose Montero y Vidal is a Spanish Student of history, who deciphered that the Munity
was an endeavor to eliminate and oust the Spanish Colonizers in the Philippines. His
record, certified with the record of Lead representative - General Rafael Izquidero y
Gutierrez was, the lead representative general of the Philippine Islands during the
Uprising.

2. Do you think the Cavite Mutiny could have been avoided if reports were more truthful
and factual? Defend your answer.

The Cavite Mutiny during Jan 20, 1872 brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops and workers
at the Cavite arsenal, which became the excuse for Spanish repression of the embryonic
Philippines nationalist movement.

3. It is believed that the Cavite Mutiny inspired the 1898 revolution. Why do you think it
took 26 long years before Filipino staged the 1898 revolution?

Patriotism isn't obvious in that frame of mind of individuals. Filipinos were reluctant to
make moves because of the brutal and vicious things they encountered in the
possession of their oppressor.

Worksheet 6
The Rizal Retraction
Instructions:
Activity 1A. Spot the difference. There are five things that need to be identified to show some
significant differences among the three texts. The last one is given.
1. Clue: letter u'
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
2. Clue: Omission of a word
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
3. Clue: Addition of a word
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
4. Clue: Paragraph
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
5. No witnesses were written on Father Balaguer's copy unlike the other two documents
presented. [Later on, from his notarized statement of 1917, he already included the witnesses]

Formulation of hypothesis. (What can you derive from these texts?)

Activity 1B. Answer the following questions: (There is a need to access the net or use other
academic resources)
1. Who is Father Vicente Balaguer Llacer in connection to the Retraction issue of Rizal?

Balaguer was one of the Jesuit ministers who visited Rizal during his last hours in Post
Santiago and asserted that he figured out how to convince Rizal to upbraid Stone’s work
and return to the Catholic crease.

Worksheet # 7

Activity 1A. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What were the early impressions of Antonio Pigafetta on prehispanic Filipino?

 The impressions of Pigafetta in the early prehispanic Filipinos was in early Filipinos
assuming you offer them your grace and courteousness they will treat you us same. The
Filipinos are exceptionally natural and cordial peligafetta saw that they have a lifestyle
choice and to endure loaded with assets and smart.

2. How Magellan and his men treated on their first arrival in the Philippine island?

As indicated by Pigaffeta, how did local people of the island invite Magellan and his
team? As indicated by Pigafetta, islanders invite Magellan and his team happily and
calmly. It was dated on Walk 16, 1521, when the explorers at last arrived at the
Philippines especially the island of Samar.

3. How did Magellan win the trust of the natives?

Magellan had the option to speak with the local people groups since his Malay translator
could figure out their language. They exchanged gifts with Rajah Kolambu of Limasawa,
who directed them to Cebu, on April 7. Rajah Humabon of Cebu was well disposed to
them, and, surprisingly, consented to acknowledge Christianity.

4. What makes the navigation of Magellan different of the other navigation.

By traveling over the Atlantic Ocean, he intended to arrive at South-East Asia, where
gems and spices were grown. In order to sail from the Atlantic to the ocean beyond the
Americas, he hoped to locate a passage across South America (now known as the
Pacific).

5. What part of the writings of Pigafetta makes you more of a Filipino.

Antonio Pigafetta, the expedition's chronicler, described Palawan as  a "land of

promise" because “we suffered great hunger before we found it.” He continued:
“We were often on the point of abandoning the ships and going ashore in order
that we might not die of hunger.” He described it as a big island, abound with
“rice,culture hospitality and the generous people.