MODALS

MODALS GENEL YAKLAŞIM

1. Adım: Kuş Bakışı
Ön Bilgi
B ir modal sorusu karşımıza geldiğinde, tense sorularında olduğu gibi soru köküne
Modal kip (ek) anlamına gelmektedir. anı mı (past), genelleme (present) mi, gelecek (future) mi sorusunu sorup cümlenin
zamanını belirlememiz gerekir.
G
enellikle tense ve passive sorularının içinde 2 boşluklu olarak
ÖSYM TARZI
verilir. Modallar tek başına cloze test bölümünde de ölçülebilir.

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Palaeontologists ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ that small mammals ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ the extinction of
Mesela son Ydt’de 2 tane modal sorusu geldi.
dinosaurs by eating their eggs; however, currently they think the rise of mammals was
an effect of the demise of dinosaurs.
A) may think / could have caused
B) must think / would have caused
C) used to think / might have caused
D) had to think / should have caused
E) would think / must have caused

2. Adım: Uzman Bakışı MODAL YAPILARI

B öylece bu sorularda önce eleme yöntemi ile gitmek daha sonra anlamsal
ilişkiyi kurmaya çalışmak gereklidir. Anlamsal ilişkiyi kurabilmek için modalların
fonksiyonunu (kattığı anlam) bilmek gerekiyor. Modal + V 0

ÖSYM TARZI present? past?

Palaeontologists ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ that small mammals ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ the extinction
ingilizce

of dinosaurs by eating their eggs; however, currently they think the rise of active passive?
mammals was an effect of the demise of dinosaurs.

C) used to think / might have caused MODAL + V 0: Zaman olarak PRESENT ya da PAST olabilir.
D) had to think / should have caused
MODAL + V 0: Havada karada AKTİFTİR.
E) would think / must have caused

Modal + be V 3 present / past ABILITY

Present 1:

A lthough Ursula has a speech impediment, she can speak two foreign
Modal + be V 3 havada karada pasif
languages.
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can V 0
Modal + be V 3 past + aktif dizilim
Present 2:

Modal + have been V 3 past + pasif dizilim Jenny can’t hear or speak, but he is able to use sign language.

am – is – are able to V 0

ABILITY ABILITY
Future:
Past 1: A re you sure you will be able to find the answer?

W hen Tonny was 6, he could speak English and German. will be able to V 0

ÖRNEK SORU
ingilizce

could V 0 Otis is not sure whether he ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ the loan he needs for the business he is
going to start, or else he ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ his dreams come true.
A) would be able to get / will have to make
B) has been able to get / shouldn’t have made
Past 2: C) got / hadn’t made
D) will be able to get / won’t be able to make
A fter working for two hours, firefighters were able to rescue people from
E) could get / needn’t have made
the building.

was - were able to V 0

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 POSSIBILITY POSSIBILITY

Present 1: Progressive (+):

T he children are not in their room. They might / may / could be playing in the garden.
It can be really cold in Afyon. (= it is sometimes).

can V 0 may / might / could be V ing

Present 2: Progressive (-):

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T his may / might / could be the best pizza I have ever eaten. My mother may / might not be sleeping right now, she usually gets up early in the
morning.
may / might / could V 0 may / might NOT be V ing

NEGATIVE POSSIBILITY NEGATIVE PROGRESSIVE POSSIBILITY

I may / might NOT have enough cash, so I’ll withdraw some money from the The restaurant may / might NOT be serving today as it is Sunday today.
ATM. Progressive Possibility ama Negative olan cümlelerde COULDN’T BE V ing kullanılmaz!

Possibility ama Negative olan cümlelerde COULD NOT kullanılmaz!

ABILITY I have no idea ... may V 0

I don’t know ...
Past: might V 0
Perhaps ...
S mall mammals may / might / could have caused the extinction of could V 0
Maybe ...
dinosaurs by eating their eggs. ya da
I’m not sure ...
may / might / could HAVE V 3 may HAVE V 3
Probably ...
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might HAVE V 3
Possibly ...
could HAVE V 3
NEGATIVE PAST POSSIBILITY It isn’t certain ...

Jane seems unhappy. She might / may not have passed the test..
Past Possibility ama Negative olan cümlelerde COULDN’T HAVE V 3
kullanılmaz!

SORU SORU

The main culprit of the extinction of dinosaurs is not well known, though The risk of cancer ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ significantly with age, and many
some limited evidence suggests that 65 million years ago a mysterious different types of cancer ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ more commonly in developed
catastrophe associated with some body from outer space like an asteroid or countries.
a comet ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ the last of the dinosaurs to vanish forever.
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A) can increase / occurred

A) has caused
B) must increase / must occur
B) used to cause
C) has increased / would occur
C) may have caused
D) may increase / occur
D) would have caused
E) increases / had occurred
E) must have caused

OBLIGATION
SORU
Present 1:
Tensions between the French and English crowns ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾
I really must stop using Instagram and Twitter - I waste so much time on
back centuries to the origins of the English royal family, which
social media.
¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ French in origin. must V 0

A) go / may have been Present 2:

ingilizce

B) went / used to be You need to study harder if you want to be successful.

C) are going / should be need to V 0

D) will go / must have been
E) have gone / had to be
Past:
S orry I’m late. I had to pick my wife up at the station.

had to V 0

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OBLIGATION SORU
External 1:
have / has to V 0 Philip VI ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ his plan of assembling a large naval fleet,
Judy has to be a member to play in the club.
when an uprising ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ out among the peasants against his
External 2: rule.
We have got to wear a uniform at our school. need to V 0

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A) would leave / breaks
Ignored:
B) had to leave / broke
We are supposed to drink a glass of water as soon as we wake up, but we often
don’t. C) may leave / has broken

We aren’t supposed to consume anything after 8 p.m., but we often end up eating D) left / is breaking
something. E) must have left / could have broken
be supposed to V 0

KİLİT NOKTA SORU

WERE I ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ go to see the doctor last week because I was very ill.
HAD TO WAS / ED TO
SUPPOS
A) was supposed to
“Had to” ile “was / were supposed to” arasında fark vardır.
B) had to
ingilizce
“Had to” yapılması zorunlu olan ve yapılan eylemi anlatırken, “was / were
C) didn’t need to
supposed to” yapılması gereken ama gerçekleşmeyen eylem demektir.
D) might
Seçeneklerde biri diğerinin çeldiricisi olabilir.
E) had better
The doctor was supposed to inform us about the side effects of the drug.
(Bilgilendirmesi gerekiyordu ama söylemedi.)
The doctor had to inform us about the side effects of the drug.
(Bilgilendirmek zorunda kaldı).

LACK of OBLIGATION SORU

Present 1: You ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ an expert to live a healthy life as the
You don’t have to pay for children under 6. guidelines for living healthy are relatively simple.
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do / does NOT have to V 0

A) can’t have been
B) may not have been
Present 2: C) aren’t supposed to be
The weather is great today. You don’t need to take your jacket. D) had better not be
E) don’t have to be
do / does NOT need to V 0

LACK of OBLIGATION SORU

Past 1: We were happy that we ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ mum happy, though she said
I didn’t have to take my raincoat. The weather wasn’t rainy. we ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ such an expensive gift for her birthday.

didn’t need to V0 / didn’t have to V 0

A) have made / won’t be able to buy
B) made / wouldn’t have bought
ingilizce

Past 2:
C) were to make / can’t have bought
Visitors ate before they came here. I needn’t have cooked so much food.
D) were able to make / didn’t use to buy
needn’t have V 3 E) could make / needn’t have bought
 REQUESTS PERMISSION
Less Formal: Less Formal:
Can / Will you close the door? can / will V 0 Can / Could I leave my bag here? can / could V 0

More Formal 1: More Formal 1:

Could / Would you speak slowly, please? could / would V 0 may V 0
M ay I come in?

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More Formal 2:
More Formal 2:
W ould you mind opening the window? Would you mind + V ing …?
M ight I ask how old are you? might V 0

More Formal 3:
W ould you mind if I opened the window? Would you mind if + S + V 2 …? Offer:
Everybody is here. Shall we start? Shall we / I V 0 ?

ADVICE ADVICE
Good Idea: Good Idea:
You have been working here for almost 2 years. You should / ought to ask for a You shouldn’t / ought not to spend long hours on social media. It is a waste of
pay rise. time.
should / ought to V 0 shouldn’t / ought not to V0

Strong Advice: Strong Advice:

ingilizce
You really must try the new restaurant in the corner. The food is awesome and It is the other driver’s fault, not yours. You mustn’t blame yourself for the
cheap! accident.
must V 0 mustn’t V0

Threat / Warning: Threat / Warning:

You look really terrible. You had better see a doctor. You had better not consume this much salt. You are suffering from high blood
had better V 0 pressure.
had better not V 0

DEDUCTION
SORU
Strong & True:
Anyone who ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ a Multiple sclerosis (a condition that You must be really tired after playing basketball for two hours. Why don’t you
can affect the brain and spinal cord) relapse in the recent past rest for a while?
must V 0
¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ his or her physician know before getting vaccinated.
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Strong & True & Progressive:

Oliver must be feeling delighted after inheriting a big fortune from his
A) used to experience / might let
grandparents.
must be V ing
B) had experienced / must have let
C) was experiencing / could let Strong & True & Past:
D) has experienced / should let Mozart is one of the most popular musicians in the world. You must have heard
one of his symphonies.
E) experienced / might have let must have V 3

DEDUCTION SORU
Strong & NOT True:
As we ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ from the victim’s warm body, the murderer
Peter can’t / couldn’t be an experienced doctor. He is not even in his mid 20s.
has just committed the crime and he ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ away too far.
can’t / couldn’t V 0

A) need to understand / shouldn’t go

ingilizce

Strong & NOT True & Progressive:

B) may understand / needn’t have gone
Oliver can’t be feeling delighted after losing his grandparents.
C) understood / won’t be going
can’t / couldn’t be V ing
D) can understand / can’t have gone
Strong & NOT True & Past: E) must understand / wasn’t supposed to go
Jonny can’t have caught the 8-o’clock train as he left the house at 8:05.

can’t / couldn’t have V 3

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 EXPECTATION CRITICISM
Past:
Present:
They should / ought to have already solved the problem with our mail list. We have
They have solved the problem with our mail list. Our users shouldn’t be received more than 100 complaints.
experiencing any delays now.
should / ought to have V 3
should be V ing ÖRNEK SORU

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Kevin ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ his son’s academic failures in front of his friends so harshly. He
¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ really bad himself for being criticized by his father.
Future: A) needn’t have insulted / must have felt
B) would rather not have insulted / should have felt
Mike has been studying hard for a long time. He should / ought to do well
C) didn’t need to insult / can feel
in the test.
D) ought not to have insulted / may have felt
should / ought to V 0 E) can’t insult / used to feel

PROHIBITION HABITS

Present: States:

Yellow zone in the parking area is for academic staff. Students mustn’t / can’t Just relax! I am used to / am accustomed to staying home alone.
park here. We are all used to getting up early, so early morning flight is not a problem.
mustn’t / can’t V 0
be used to V ing / be accustomed V ing

Present & Past & Future:

ingilizce

Yellow zone in the parking area is for academic staff. Students aren’t allowed to Actions:
park here. Don’t worry! Your sister will get used to living alone though it is a long and difficult

Yellow zone in the parking area is for academic staff. Students are prohibited to / process.

forbidden to park here. We got used to working from home as a result of the COVID-19.
be allowed to V 0
get used to V ing / get accustomed to V ing
be prohibited to / forbidden to V 0

PAST HABITS PREFERENCE

Actions: Present:
I would prefer to buy a book rather than a shirt as a birthday gift.
When we were kids, every Saturday my grandparents used to / would take us
to the theatre. My wife and I would prefer to stay at our villa during summer holiday rather than
a five-star hotel.
My family used to / would get up early on Sundays to go to church.
would prefer to V 0
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States: Present:
I used to wear glasses when I was in high school. After a long and tiring day, I would rather have a quiet night in front of the TV.
We used to own a bungalow at Village Farm, Trimdon. On Sundays, I would rather stay at home with kids than go out.
There didn’t use to be any Internet fraud in the old days.
would sooner V 0 / would rather V 0
used to V 0 / would V 0

ÖDÜLLÜ SORU
ingilizce

??