Jezler Recto Mr.

Orlie Santos
12 – STEM A BAYANIHAN

Practical Research 2
Quarter 1- Module 10

FORMULATION OF CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Lesson
Formulation of Conceptual Framework
1

What’s More

Activity 1 Movie / Video Clip

1. It shows how to write the theoretical and conceptual framework

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5q3GLIb8PE&t=187s.
Write your reactions on the movie clip.

Writing the theoretical and conceptual framework is said to be the critical and
important part of research. It serves as the foundation of your study. I was confused
between these two terms but after I watched this video clip I really understand the
difference and the process on how it worked in research. Theoretical framework is the
structure that can hold or support a theory of research study. It describes the theory that
explains why the research problem under study exits. Theory explains the process that
leads to your strategy, presentation or procedures. On the other side, conceptual
framework is the idea which illustrates the expectations that the research want to find
through research. It defines the relevant variables of the study and maps out on how they
might relate to each other. The strategy and the theory is really effective using these
frameworks. Conceptual framework is the idea on how to implement a strategy according
to appropriateness of the idea to the respondent. Both of them must be relevant and
related to your research. They can be independent and can stand alone. The main theory
that has been chosen by the researcher is describing their elements, process or steps in the
strategy of their study. Using citation and synthesis or narrative discussion of the theory
which is relevant to your study is really significant to convey your framework at your
research study.
Jezler Recto Mr. Orlie Santos
12 – STEM A BAYANIHAN

What I Have Learned

Now that you have finished the lesson, you may have learned that:
1. Writing theoretical frame work needs to start by becoming familiar with the foundations
of the theory.

2. Conceptual framework connects variables with the purpose of explaining and predicting
the phenomena.

3. Operational framework offers a functional and workable model in undertaking the

research or investigation.

4. There are different ways to do framework.

5. Researchers must be able to identify the relevant theories and principles from existing
literatures which can serves as the theoretical of the study.

6. Variable can be empirically studied when operationally defined.

Assessment
Good job, you finally finished the lessons! Let us now assess your understanding by
doing the activity below:

A. Write your concise learning about the following:

1. Variable
o The word variable comes from the Latin word “variabilis,” which means “vary.”
Variables are important in research. Variables are one of the fundamental
concepts in research. In an experimental research, the things that are changing in
an experiment are called variables. A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that
can exist in differing amounts or types.
2. Dependent Variable
Jezler Recto Mr. Orlie Santos
12 – STEM A BAYANIHAN

o Dependent variables are those that depend on the independent variables. They are
the outcomes or results of the influence of the independent variable.
3. Independent Variable
o Independent variables are those that probably cause, influence, or affect
outcomes. They are invariably called treatment, manipulated, antecedent or
predictor variables. It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other
variables you are trying to measure.
4. Theoretical Framework
o Theoretical framework involves specific theory such as psychology’s social
learning and it focuses on why and how of the research topic
5. Conceptual Framework
o The conceptual framework a diagram that connects variable of the study with
lines (correlation) or arrows (cause and effect relationship) reflects the depth
understanding of the researcher regarding the general atmosphere and conceptual
foundation of the study. Conceptual framework involves works and ideas relevant
to the study not limited to a theory and focuses on the what, when, and where of
the research. Or simply, it is based on tradition and experience respectively.

B. Do your Own!

1. Decide a researchable topic leading to a quantitative research suited to the level of

SHS students.
 Socio-economic Status and academic performance of Selected Grade 12
students of Marikina High School

2. Identify the dependent and independent variable.

 Socio-economic Status is the independent variable because it can affect the
dependent variable Academic Performance.
 Socio-economic Status is the independent variable because it can affect the
dependent variable Academic Performance.

3. Construct a graphical representation / framework that connect the factors of the

research title.

Family Income Rate

Socio-economic Status

Demographic
Academic
Performance

Student’s
Progression
Jezler Recto Mr. Orlie Santos
12 – STEM A BAYANIHAN

Additional Activities

Activity: Learning enrichment

Given an argument of a research title, identify the independent variable and dependent
variable. Write the cause or the one you test for independent variable and effect or the one you
measure for dependent variable on the space provided.
1. If people who have headaches take aspirin, then they will get relief faster than those who
don’t.
Cause: Aspirin is the independent variable
Effect: People who have headache is the dependent variable
2. If a brand name light bulb is left on, then it will burn longer than a bargain brand light bulb.
Cause: Brand of light bulb is the independent variable.
Effect: Duration of time it will burn is the dependent variable.
3. If students’ study 15 minutes/night, then they will have higher test grades than those who
don’t study.
Cause: The amount of time of studying is the dependent variable.
Effect: Academic performance or the grades will be its dependent variable.
4. Changing thermostat setting up on down will cause the room temperature to change in the
same way.
Cause: Changing thermostat up and down is the independent variable.
Effect: Room temperature is the dependent variable.
5. Teenagers with positive family relationships and activity involved in afterschool programs
are less likely to participate in deviant behaviour as an adult.
Cause: Positive relationship between teenagers and their families to their activity afterschool
program is the independent variable.
Effect: Deviant behaviour of teenager when they reached adult state is the dependent
variable.