This project is organized as follows:

 In Chapter 1, we study a feasibility analysis concentrating on the cost, the main challenge, and the environmental
impact of several types of steam power plants then we discuss the different types of power plants and their component
 In Chapter 2, we explain the different types of power plants in Kuwait with various energy sources (plant types,
capacities, fuel type used, locations ect.)
 In Chapter 3, we analyze three different designs and conduct the analysis using CyclePad software.

Different types of power plants

 According to the nature of load.
 According to the fuel used.
 According to the non-conventional power generation.

- Thermal Power Plant: Fossil fuel power plant / Nuclear power plant / Solar thermal power plant

Steam power plants components: turbine, boiler, condenser, and a pump

- Turbine: A rotating component uses a reduction in the working fluid's pressure to produce work and power. (steam
turbines, water turbines, and gas turbines // Impulse turbine and Reaction turbine)
- Boilers: The tubes are heated utilizing energy produced during the combustion of fuel, which turns water into
steam. (water tube boilers and fire tube boilers)
- Condenser: uses cooling water to condense steam from a steam turbine's exhaust (jet and surface condenser)
- Pump: Condensate pumps / Condenser circulating pumps / Boiler circulating pumps

 There are 6 power plants in Kuwait, namely: Doha East, Doha West, Shuaiba, Al-Zour South, Sabiya, and
Shuwaikh. These power plants employ both thermal steam turbines and gas turbines for power generation.

Design Analysis:
- Design 1: Ideal Rankine cycle: Boiler TurbinecondenserpumpBoiler
Disadvantages: the moisture content of the steam in the stages of the turbine, potentially causes turbine blade erosion.
Efficiency using Cycle Pad: 𝜂 = 37.86%
- Design 2: Ideal Reheat Rankine Cycle: A two-stage turbine with reheat process is considered for a simple Rankine
cycle to reduce the moisture content at the turbine exit.
In the first stage, the high-pressure stage, the steam expands isentropically to an intermediate pressure and is sent back to the
boiler, where it is reheated at constant pressure, to the first inlet temperature. In the second stage, the low-pressure stage, the
steam expands isentropically to the condenser’s pressure. Efficiency using Cycle Pad: 𝜂 = 39.16%
- Design 3: Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle: where heat is extracted from steam between turbine stages and
utilized to heat water as it passes through pump stages, is one of the most popular strategies to increase the
efficiency of a steam cycle. Efficiency using Cycle Pad: 𝜂 = 40.65%
 In conclusion, Design 3 is the optimal design to study.

Validation of optimal design: We calculate the specific enthalpy, the specific entropy and the specific volume at each state
using the interpolation method and the Saturated water – Pressure table / Superheated water table.

+ read the calculation of mass flow rate and Extra calculations for Design 3

 T-s diagram:
Axis y : Temperature
Axis x: specific entropy
 T-v diagram:
Axis y : Temperature
Axis x: specific volume
MSF: Multi Stage Flash, a thermal desalination technology based on flashing portion of the
water into steam in multiple stages, produces distilled quality water directly from seawater.
Current MSF facilities may have as many as 30 stages
RO: Reverse osmosis is a water purification process that uses a partially permeable membrane to
separate ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from drinking water.

S1: state 1 (state of steam after exit the boiler)

Design 1: Ideal Rankine Cycle

Water is a typical working fluid. The feed pump, turbine, condenser, and boiler are the
cycle's main components. There are four steps in the cycle:

 Process 4-1: Isobaric (Boiler): During this process, the heat is added to the working fluid
(water) to convert it into superheated steam.
 Process 1-2: Isentropic expansion (Turbine) from pressure P1 to P2
 Process 2-3: Isobaric heat rejection (Condenser): At constant pressure P2 and temperature T 2
 Process 3-4: Isentropic compression (Pump)

vapor quality x 2=… so the moisture content of the steam in the stages of the turbine, potentially
causes turbine blade erosion.

Design 2: Ideal Reheat Rankine Cycle

A reheat process is considered for a simple Rankine
cycle to reduce the moisture content at the turbine exit: A
two-stage turbine.
In the first stage, the high-pressure stage, the steam
expands isentropically to an intermediate pressure and is sent
back to the boiler, where it is reheated at constant pressure,
to the first inlet temperature.
In the second stage, the low-pressure stage, the steam
expands isentropically to the condenser’s pressure.
Design 3: Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle
Regeneration, a procedure where heat is extracted from steam between turbine stages and
utilized to heat water as it passes through pump stages, is one of the most popular strategies to
increase the efficiency of a steam cycle.
An open feedwater heater essentially functions as a mixing chamber where the water
leaving the pump and the steam from the turbine are combined: the water exits the heater at
heater pressure as a saturated liquid.
y=???

Note that the mass flow rate at each component is different. If 1 kg steam enters the
turbine, y kg is extracted to the feedwater heater and (1− y) kg continues to expand to the
condenser pressure.

We calculate the specific enthalpy, the specific entropy and the specific volume at each
state using the interpolation method and the Saturated water – Pressure table /
Superheated water table.

 State 2: At the exit of the pump PMP2, the pressure is P2=1072 KPa.
- The specific enthalpy:
h2 =h1 +v 1 ( P2−P1 )=329.08+ 0.001028× ( 1072−45 )=330.1358 KJ / Kg
pump PMP2: condensate pump