Binder Test-15 (Polity Revision Test) ENGLISH

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Test No.
General studies
Polity & Governance Revision
15
Time Allowed: Two Hour Maximum Marks: 200
INSTRUCTIONS
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without any omission or discrepancy at the appropriate places in the OMR Answer Sheet. Any
omission/discrepancy will render the Answer Sheet liable for rejection.
3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the test booklet in the Box provided
alongside. DO NOT write anything else on the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 100 items (questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you
feel that there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider the best. In any case,
choose ONLY ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See directions in the
Answer Sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks.
7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet in response to various items in the Test Booklet, you have to
fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as per instructions sent to you with your Admission Certificate.
8. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and the examination has concluded,
you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the
Test Booklet.
9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.
10. Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN THE OBJECTIVE
TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.
(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a wrong answer
has been given by the candidate, one-third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as
penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the given
answers happens to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that question.
(iii) If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that
question.
DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
1. Consider the following statements 4. With respect to Elections in India,
regarding the Parliament of India: consider the following statements:
1. The Lok Sabha represents the people of 1. There is only one general electoral roll
India as a whole. for every territorial constituency for
2. States and Union Territories are election to both Parliament and State
represented in Rajya Sabha. Legislatures.
3. President remains a member of both the 2. The validity of any law relating to the
Houses of Parliament until he/she resigns. delimitation of constituencies cannot be
Which of the above statements is/are correct? questioned in any court.
(a) 1 and 2 only 3. High Courts have the exclusive original
jurisdiction on deciding on election
(b) 2 and 3 only
petitions.
(c) 3 only
Which of the above statements are correct?
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1 and 2 only
2. Which of the following statements with (b) 1 and 3 only
RE
reference to election of Vice-President
(c) 2 and 3 only
of India is/are correct?
1. The manner of election and the electoral (d) 1, 2 and 3
colleges of both the president and vice
President are same. 5. “He is the highest law officer in the
2. The election of a candidate as Vice country. He is appointed by the
President. Constitution does not
O
President cannot be questioned only
because Electoral College was not contain the procedure and grounds for
complete. his removal.”
3. He should be an elector of the Which of the following best represents the
SC
Parliamentary constituency in a State above description?
or Union Territory which he seeks to be
elected to represent. (a) Judge of a High Court.
Select the correct answer using the codes given (b) Solicitor General of India.
below:
(c) Attorney General of India.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(d) Comptroller and Auditor General of
(b) 2 and 3 only
GS
India.
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 6. Which of the following statements
regarding Central Vigilance Commission
is/are correct?
3. Which of the following are the features
of a Presidential form of government? 1. Its establishment was recommended by
1. Separation of Power the Santhanam Committee.
2. Wider Representation 2. CVC is a constitutional body.

3. Stable government 3. The CVC has to present a report on its
performance annually to the President.
4. No dissolution of Lower House
Select the correct answer from the code given Select the correct answer from the code given
below: below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 only

(b) 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 2
1. Hkkjr dh laln ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij 4. Hkkjr esa pqukoksa ds lacaèk esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
fopkj dhft,% fopkj dhft,%
1- yksdlHkk lexz :i ls Hkkjr ds yksxksa dk 1- laln vkSj jkT; foèkkf;dkvksa nksuksa ds pquko ds
çfrfufèkRo djrh gSA
fy, çR;sd {ks=h; fuokZpu {ks= ds fy, dsoy
2- jkT;lHkk esa jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa dk ,d lkekU; ernkrk lwph gksrh gSA
çfrfufèkRo gSA
2- fuokZpu {ks=ksa ds ifjlheu ls lacafèkr fdlh Hkh
3- jk"Vªifr R‍;kxi= nsus rd laln ds nksuksa lnuksa
dkuwu dh oSèkrk ij fdlh Hkh U‍;k;ky; esa loky
dk lnL; cuk jgrk@jgrh gSA
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ ugÈ mBk;k tk ldrk gSA
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 3- mPp U;k;ky;ksa ds ikl pquko ;kfpdkvksa ij
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 fu.kZ; ysus dk vuU; ewy vf/kdkj {ks= gSA
(c) dsoy 3 mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
RE
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
2. Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr ds pquko ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
1- jk"Vªifr vkSj mijk"Vªifr nksuksa ds pquko ds rjhds
vkSj fuokZpd eaMy leku gSaA O 5. "og ns'k dk loksZPp dkuwu vfèkdkjh gksrk gSA mldh
2- dsoy blfy, mijk"Vªifr ds :i esa fdlh
mEehnokj ds fuokZpu ij loky ugÈ mBk;k tk fu;qfä jk"Vªifr }kjk dh tkrh gSA lafoèkku esa mldh
ldrk D;ksafd fuokZpd eaMy iwjk ugÈ FkkA inP‍;qfr dh çfØ;k vkSj vkèkkj ugÈ fn;k x;k gSA"
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk mi;qZä fooj.k dk
SC
3- mUgsa fdlh jkT; ;k dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k esa lalnh;
fuokZpu {ks= dk fuokZpd gksuk pkfg, ftldk os loZJs"‍B çfrfufèkRo djrk gS\
çfrfuf/kRo djus ds fy, pqus tkus pkgrs gSaA (a) mPp U;k;ky; dk U;k;kèkh'kA
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A (b) Hkkjr dk l‚fyflVj tujyA
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(c) Hkkjr dk egkU;k;oknhA
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) Hkkjr dk fu;a=d o egkys[kk ijh{kdA
GS
(c) dsoy 3
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
6. dsaæh; lrdZrk vk;ksx ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls
3. vè;{kkRed 'kklu ç.kkyh ¼Presidential form dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
of government½ dh fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh 1- bldh LFkkiuk dh vuq'kalk laFkkue lfefr }kjk
fo'ks"krk,a gSa\ dh xÃ FkhA
1- 'kfä i`FkD‍dj.k 2- CVC laoSèkkfud laLFkk gSA
2- O;kid çfrfufèkRo
3- CVC dks lkykuk vius çn'kZu ij jk"Vªifr dks
3- fLFkj ljdkj fjiksVZ çL‍rqr djuh gksrh gSA
4- fupys lnu dk fo?kVu ugÈ
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(a) dsoy 1
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(b) dsoy 3
(c) dsoy 2] 3 vkSj 4 (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
3 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
7. The term Uniform Civil Code mentioned (c) 1, 2 and 4 only
in Directive Principles of State Policy
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
refers to:
(a) All citizens will be under the same laws 10. Constitutional government means:
irrespective of their political authority
and status. (a) A government whose head enjoys nominal
powers.
(b) All citizens will be under the same laws
irrespective of their religion. (b) A government whose head enjoys real
powers.
(c) All citizens will be under the same laws
irrespective of their caste and gender. (c) A representative government of a nation
with federal structure.
(d) All citizens will be under the same laws
irrespective of their nationality. (d) A government limited by the provisions
of the Constitution.
8. Which of the following statements is
incorrect? 11. Consider the following statements with
reference to Process of formation of
(a) A review Petition must be filed within 30 new States in India:
RE
days from the judgment and it must be
placed before the same Bench which had 1. Special majority with ratification of fifty
delivered the decision earlier. percent of states is required for formation
of the new State.
(b) The Court can reopen its judgment if a
2. Bill for formation of new State can only
manifest wrong has been done and it is
be introduced in Rajya Sabha with prior
necessary to pass an order to do full and
permission of the President.
effective justice.
O
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(c) A curative petition is decided by judges
in chamber only, not in an open-court (a) 1 only
hearing. (b) 2 only
SC
(d) A curative petition must be accompanied (c) Both 1 and 2
by certification by a senior advocate,
pointing out substantial grounds for (d) Neither 1 nor 2
entertaining it.
12. Which of the following statements
9. In which of the following cases, a regarding the duties and functions of
Constitutional Bench in the Supreme CAG as laid down by the Parliament
GS
Court can be constituted? and the Constitution are correct?

1. A Division Bench delivers a judgement 1. He audits balance sheets and other
that is different from the judgement subsidiary accounts kept by any
delivered by a previous Division Bench department of central and state
on an issue. government.
2. President seeks Supreme Court’s opinion 2. He can audit the accounts of Panchayati
on law or fact. Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies
but with the permission of the State
3. A two-judge bench and later a three-judge government.
bench deliver conflicting judgements on
the same issue. 3. He audits the trading and manufacturing
accounts of government departments.
4. A case involves a “substantial question of
law” related to the interpretation of the Select the correct answer using the code given
Constitution. below:
Select the correct answer using the code given (a) 1 and 3 only
below: (b) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 4
7. jkT; dh uhfr ds funs'kd rRoksa ;k fl)karksa esa mfYyf[kr (c) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 4
leku ukxfjd lafgrk 'kCn lanÆHkr djrkgS% (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
(a) lHkh ukxfjd leku dkuwuksa ds vèkhu gksaxs pkgs
mudk jktuhfrd çfèkdkj vkSj çfLFkfr dqN Hkh 10. laoS/kkfud ljdkj dk vFkZ gS%
gksA (a) ,d ljdkj ftldk eqf[k;k ukeek= 'kfä;ksa
(b) lHkh ukxfjd leku dkuwuksa ds vèkhu gksaxs pkgs dk vkuan ysrk gSA
mudk èkeZ dqN Hkh gksA ¼b½ ,d ljdkj ftldk eqf[k;k okLrfod 'kfä;ksa
(c) lHkh ukxfjd leku dkuwuksa ds vèkhu gksaxs pkgs dk vkuan ysrk gSA
mudh tkfr vkSj Çyx dqN Hkh gks A ¼c½ la?kh; <kaps ds lkFk ,d jk"Vª dh ,d çfrfuf/k
(d) lHkh ukxfjd leku dkuwuksa ds vèkhu gksaxs pkgs ljdkjA
mudh jk"Vªh;rk dqN Hkh gksA ¼d½ lafo/kku ds çko/kkuksa }kjk lhfer ljdkjA
8. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk dFku xyr gS\ 11. Hkkjr esa u, jkT;ksa ds xBu dh çfØ;k ds lanHkZ esa
(a) ,d iqufoZpkj ;kfpdk ¼review petition½ fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
RE
fu.kZ; ls 30 fnuksa ds Hkhrj nk;j dh tkuh 1- u, jkT; ds xBu ds fy, ipkl çfr'kr jkT;ksa ds
pkfg, vkSj bls mlh ihB ds le{k j[kk tkuk vuqleFkZu ds lkFk fo'ks"k cgqer dh vko';drk
pkfg, ftlus igys fu.kZ; fn;k FkkA gksrh gSA
(b) U;k;ky; vius QSlys dks fQj ls foo`r dj
2- u, jkT; ds xBu dk foèks;d jk"Vªifr dh iwoZ
ldrk gS ;fn dksbZ O;ä xyr gqvk gks vkSj
vuqefr ls dsoy jkT;lHkk esa gh çL‍rqr fd;k tk
ikfjr djuk vko';d gks A
(c) mipkjkRed ;kfpdk ¼curative petition½
O
iw.kZ vkSj çHkkoh U;k; djus ds fy, vkns'k
ldrk gSA
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
ttksa }kjk dsoy pkSacj esa r; dh tkrh gS] (a) dsoy 1
SC
vksiu&dksVZ lquokbZ esa ughaA (b) dsoy 2
(d) mipkjkRed ;kfpdk dks fdlh ofj"B (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
vf/koäk }kjk çek.khdj.k gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
bls Lohdkj djus ds fy, i;kZIr vk/kkj crk,
x, gksaA 12. laln vkSj lafoèkku }kjk ;Fkk fuèkkZfjr CAG ds drZO;ksa
vkSj dk;ks± ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&ls dFku
GS
9. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl ekeys esa loksZPp U;k;ky; esa lgh gSa\
,d laoS/kkfud ihB dk xBu fd;k tk ldrk gS\ 1- og dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkj ds fdlh Hkh foHkkx
1- ,d [kaMihB ,d fu.kZ; nsrh gS tks fdlh eqís }kjk j[ks x, rqyui=ksa vkSj vU; lgk;d ys[kksa
ij fiNyh [kaMihB }kjk fn, x, fu.kZ; ls fHkUu dh ys[kk ijh{kk djrk gSA
gksrk gSA 2- og iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa vkSj 'kgjh LFkkuh;
2- jk"Vªifr dkuwu ;k rF; ij loksZPp U;k;ky; dh fudk;ksa ds ys[kksa dh Hkh ys[kk ijh{kk dj ldrk
jk; ek¡xrk gSA gS ysfdu jkT; ljdkj dh vuqefr lsA
3- nks ttksa dh csap vkSj ckn esa rhu ttksa dh csap 3- og ljdkjh foHkkxksa ds O‍;kikj vkSj fofuekZ.k
,d gh eqís ij ijLij fojks/kh QSlys lqukrh gSaA ys[kksa dh Hkh ys[kk ijh{kk djrk gSA
4- ,d ekeys esa lafo/kku dh O;k[;k ls lacaf/kr uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
"dkuwu dk i;kZIr ç'u" 'kkfey gSA (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,% (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 4 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
5 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
13. Consider the following statements with Which of the above statements are correct?
respect to the principles of Rule of
(a) 1 and 2 only
Law:
1. Rule of law is the fundamental principle (b) 1 and 3 only
of governance in any civilized democratic (c) 2 and 3 only
country as it is the antithesis of
arbitrariness. (d) 1, 2 and 3
2. The concept of ‘Equal opportunity
before law’ under Art. 14 of the Indian 16. Consider the following statements with
Constitution is an element of the ‘Rule of respect to the scope of Judicial Review
Law.’ in President’s Rule:
3. The primacy of the rights of the individual 1. The state legislative assembly cannot be
is not above the Constitution unlike the dissolved but can only be suspended in
British system. the President’s Rule.
Which of the above statements are correct? 2. The satisfaction of the President must be
(a) 1 and 2 only based on the relevant material.
RE
(b) 2 and 3 only 3. In case of proclamation of the president
rule is unconstitutional, Supreme Court
(c) 1 and 3 only
has power to restore the dismissed
(d) 1, 2 and 3 state government and revive the state
legislative assembly.
14. Consider the following statements
regarding the basic structure of the
Indian Constitution:
O (a) 1 and 3 only
1. In Kesavananda Bharati case, the (b) 2 and 3 only
Supreme Court gave the concept of the
(c) 3 only
SC
basic structure of the Constitution.
2. It is a set of specific limits to the (d) 1, 2 and 3
Parliament’s power to amend the
Constitution.
17. Consider the following statements with
Which of the above statements is/are correct? reference to the ‘Constituent Assembly:
(a) 1 only 1. Constituent Assembly was constituted
in November 1946 under the scheme
GS
(b) 2 only
formulated by the Cabinet Mission Plan.
(c) Both 1 and 2
2. The members of the Constituent Assembly
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 were indirectly elected by the members of
the existing Provincial Assemblies.
3. The election of the members of the
regarding the Joint sitting of the
Parliament: Constituent Assembly from Princely
States was indirectly elected.
1. The joint sitting is governed by the Rules
of Procedure of Lok Sabha and not of the 4. With Independence of India, the
Rajya Sabha. Constituent Assembly became a fully
2. Provision of joint sitting is applicable sovereign body.
to ordinary bills or financial bills only Which of the above statements are correct?
and not to money bills or Constitutional
amendment bills. (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
3. The Speaker of Lok Sabha presides over (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
a joint sitting of the two Houses and
(c) 3 and 4 only
the Chairman of Rajya Sabha, in his
absence. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 6
13. dkuwu ds 'kklu ds fl)karksa ds laca/k esa fuEufyf[kr mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa% (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
1- dkuwu dk 'kklu fdlh Hkh lH; yksdrkaf=d
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
ns'k esa 'kklu dk ewyHkwr fl)kar gS D;ksafd ;g
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
euekusiu dk fojks/kh gSA
2- dyk ds rgr ^dkuwu ds le{k leku volj* dh 16. jk"Vªifr 'kklu esa U;kf;d leh{kk ds fo"k;{ks= ds lacaèk
vo/kkj.kkA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk 14 'dkuwu ds
esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
'kklu' dk ,d rRo gSA
1- jk"Vªifr 'kklu esa jkT; dh foèkku lHkk dks Hkax
3- fczfV'k O;oLFkk ds foijhr O;fä ds vf/kdkjksa dh
ugÈ fd;k tk ldrk gS cfYd dsou fuyafcr gh
ç/kkurk lafo/kku ls Åij ugha gSA fd;k tk ldrk gSA
mijksä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu ls lgh gSa\
2- jk"Vªifr dh larqf"V çklafxd lkexzh ij vkèkkfjr
¼a½ dsoy 1 vkSj 2
gksuh pkfg,A
RE
¼b½ dsoy 2 vkSj 3
3- jk"Vªifr 'kklu vlaoSèkkfud ?kksf"kr gks tkus dh
¼c½ dsoy 1 vkSj 3
fLFkfr esa] mPpre U‍;k;ky; ds ikl inP‍;qr
¼d½ 1] 2 vkSj 3
jkT; ljdkj dks cgky djus vkSj jkT; foèkku
lHkk dks iqutÊfor djus dh 'kfä gSA
14. Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh ewy lajpuk ds lacaèk esa
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
O
1- ds'kokuan Hkkjrh okn esa] loksZPp U;k;ky; us
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
lafoèkku dh ewy lajpuk dh voèkkj.kk nhA (c) dsoy 3
SC
2- ;g lafoèkku esa la'kksèku djus dh laln dh 'kfä (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
ij fof'k"V lhekvksa dk leqP‍p; gSA
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ 17. lafoèkku lHkk ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
(a) dsoy 1 dhft,%
(b) dsoy 2 1- dSfcusV fe'ku ;kstuk }kjk rS;kj dh xÃ ;kstuk
GS
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa ds varxZr uoacj 1946 esa lafoèkku lHkk dk xBu
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 fd;k x;k FkkA
2- lafoèkku lHkk ds lnL; vçR;{k :i ls rkR‍dkyhu
15. laln dh la;qä cSBd ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa çkarh; foèkkulHkkvksa ds lnL;ksa }kjk fuokZfpr
ij fopkj dhft,% FksA
1- la;qä cSBd yksd lHkk dh çfØ;k rFkk 3- fj;klrksa ls lafoèkku lHkk ds lnL;ksa dk pquko
dk;Z&lapkyu fo"k;d fu;eksa }kjk fu;af=r gksrh vçR;{k :i ls gqvk FkkA
gS u fd jkT;lHkk dsA 4- Hkkjr dh Lora=rk ds lkFk] lafoèkku lHkk iwjh
2- la;qä cSBd dk çkoèkku dsoy lkèkkj.k foèks;dksa rjg ls laçHkq fudk; cu xÃA
;k foÙk foèks;dksa ij ykxw gksrk gS u fd èku mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
foèks;dksa ;k lafoèkku la'kksèku foèks;dksa ijA (a) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3
3- nksuksa lnuksa dh la;qä cSBd dh vè;{krk (b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 4
yksdlHkk dk vè;{k vkSj mldh vuqifLFkfr esa (c) dsoy 3 vkSj 4
jkT; lHkk dk lHkkifr djrk gSA (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
7 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
18. Which of the following statements is/are 21. Which of the following statements
correct about Right to Education? with respect to provisions of 73rd
1. It is the only provision in Constitution Constitutional Amendment Act is/are
for the free and compulsory education for correct?
children. 1. The Act provides for a Gram Sabha
2. It has been added by the 86th consisting of all the registered voters in
Constitutional Amendment Act. the area of a Panchayat.
3. This Right is also available to foreign 2. The act mandates for a three-tier system
nationals. of Panchayati Raj in every state.
Select the correct answer using the codes given 3. All the members of Panchayats at all the
below: levels are directly elected by the people.
(a) 1 and 2 only Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(b) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(c) 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
RE
19. Which of the following statements (d) 1, 2 and 3
regarding the Right to Equality under
Article 14 is/are incorrect? 22. Consider the following statements
1. The term ‘Equality before Law’ in the about Public Accounts Committee of
Indian Constitution is a positive concept the Parliament:
whereas; ‘Equal Protection of Law’ is a
negative concept.
O 1. It was first set up in 1921 under the
provisions of government of India Act
2. Only the ‘Right to Equality before Law’ is 1919.
available to foreigners but not the ‘Right 2. It consists of 22 members all from the
to Equal Protection of Law’. Lower House of Parliament.
SC
Select the correct answer using the codes 3. Its members are chosen according to the
below: principle of proportional representation.
(a) 1 only 4. The chairman of the committee is selected
(b) 2 only invariably from the opposition.
(c) Both 1 and 2 Which of the above statements are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only
GS
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

(b) 2 and 4 only
20. Which of the following were Union (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
Territories before becoming States?
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
1. Himachal Pradesh
2. Manipur
23. In case of split of a political party,
3. Tripura which of the following statements is/are
4. Sikkim correct??
5. Goa 1. The majority only among elected MPs
and MLAs is the only deciding factors for
6. Arunachal Pradesh
allotment of the Party Symbol in case of
Select the correct answer using the code given the Split.
below:
2. In case the Election Commission of
(a) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only India finds that there exists no clear
majoritarian support for either faction, it
(b) 1, 3, 5 and 6 only
may freeze the party's symbol and allow
(c) 2 and 4 only the factions to register themselves with
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 new party names.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 8
18. f'k{kk ds vfèkdkj ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls (d) 1] 2] 3] 4] 5 vkSj 6
dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
21. 73osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e ds çkoèkkuksa ds lacaèk
1- ;g lafoèkku esa cPpksa ds fy, fu%'kqY‍d vkSj
esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
vfuok;Z f'k{kk dk ,dek= çkoèkku gSA
1- ;g vfèkfu;e fdlh iapk;r {ks= ds lHkh iath—r
2- ;g lafoèkku esa 86osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e ernkrkvksa ls feydj cuus okyh xzke lHkk dk
}kjk tksM+k x;k FkkA çkoèkku djrk gSA
3- ;g vfèkdkj fons'kh ukxfjdksa dks Hkh miyCèk 2- ;g vfèkfu;e çR;sd jkT; esa f=Lrjh; iapk;rh
gSA jkt dh O;oLFkk vfuok;Z cukrk gSA
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A 3- lHkh Lrjksa ij iapk;rksa ds lHkh lnL;ksa dks lhèks
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 turk }kjk pquk tkrk gSA
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(c) dsoy 2 (a) dsoy 1
(d) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
RE
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
19. vuqPNsn 14 ds varxZr lekurk ds vfèkdkj ds lacaèk esa
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\ 22. laln dh yksd ys[kk lfefr ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
1- Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa *fofèk ds le{k lerk* 'kCn dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
,d ldkjkRed voèkkj.kk gS tcfd( *fofèk;ksa dk
O 1- ;g igyh ckj 1921 esa Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e
leku laj{k.k* ,d udkjkRed voèkkj.kk gSA 1919 ds çkoèkkuksa ds varxZr LFkkfir dh xÃ
2- fonsf'k;ksa dks dsoy *fofèk ds le{k lerk* dk FkhA
vfèkdkj* miyCèk gS] ysfdu *fofèk;ksa ds leku 2- ;g laln ds fuE‍u lnu ds lHkh 22 lnL;ksa ls
SC
laj{k.k dk vfèkdkj* ugÈA feydj curh gSA
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A 3- blds lnL;ksa dks vkuqikfrd çfrfufèkRo ds
(a) dsoy 1 fl)kar ds vuqlkj pquk tkrk gSA
(b) dsoy 2 4- lfefr dk vè;{k ges'kk foi{k ls pquk tkrk gSA
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
GS
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
(b) dsoy 2vkSj 4
(c) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4
20. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&ls jkT; cuus ls igys dsaæ
(d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
'kkflr çns'k Fks\
1- fgekpy çns'k 23. ,d jktuhfrd ny ds foHkktu ds ekeys esa]
2- ef.kiqj fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk dFku lgh gS @ gSa\
3- f=iqjk 1- foHkktu ds ekeys esa dsoy fuokZfpr lkalnksa
vkSj fo/kk;dksa ds chp cgqer ikVhZ ds çrhd ds
4- flfôe
vkoaVu ds fy, ,dek= fu.kkZ;d dkjd gSA
5- xksok 2- ;fn Hkkjr ds pquko vk;ksx dks irk pyrk gS
6- v#.kkpy çns'k fd fdlh Hkh xqV ds fy, dksbZ Li"V cgqla[;d
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A leFkZu ekStwn ugha gS] rks og ikVhZ ds fpUg dks
(a) dsoy 1] 2] 3] 5 vkSj 6 Ýht dj ldrk gS vkSj xqVksa dks u, ikVhZ ukeksa
(b) dsoy 1] 3] 5 vkSj 6 ds lkFk [kqn dks iath—r djus dh vuqefr ns
ldrk gSA
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 4
9 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Select the correct answer using the code given 2. The Leader is entitled to the salary,
below: allowances and other facilities equivalent
to that of a cabinet minister.
(a) 1 only
3. The Leader of the largest opposition
(b) 2 only party is recognized as the leader of the
(c) Both 1 and 2 opposition.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
24. Consider the following statements: (b) 2 and 3 only
1. 91st Constitutional Amendment Act
(c) 1 and 3 only
limited the strength of council of
ministers to 10% of the total strength of (d) 1, 2 and 3
Lok Sabha.
2. Union ministers are appointed by the 27. Which of the following statements is/
President on the advice of Prime minister are correct with reference to the Rajya
and they can be member of either house Sabha?
RE
of the Parliament. 1. Seats are allotted to the states in Rajya
Sabha on the basis of Population of the
3. Union Ministers can attend the meetings
states.
of other house of parliament of which he/
she is not a member. 2. A person should be not less than 25 years
of age for becoming member of Rajya
Which of the above statements is/are correct? Sabha.
(a) 1 only
O 3. A candidate contesting an election to
(b) 1 and 3 only the Rajya Sabha from a particular state
shall not be necessarily an elector in that
(c) 3 only particular state.
SC
(d) 2 and 3 only Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
25. Which of the following statements is/are (a) 1 only
correct regarding Human Rights?
(b) 2 only
1. Universal declaration of human rights
was adopted by United Nations General (c) 1 and 3 only
GS
assembly in 1948. (d) 2 and 3 only

2. It consisted of basic rights to life, liberty,
dignity, equality and brotherhood. 28. Which of the following statements is/are
3. These rights are not legally binding on incorrect regarding Cabinet?
member countries. 1. It is a smaller body than the Council of
Ministers.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below: 2. Its powers and functions are defined in
the constitution.
(a) 1 only
3. It is an advisory body to the president
(b) 1 and 2 only and its advice is not binding on him.
(c) 1 and 3 only Select the correc t answer using the code
given below:
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1 only
26. Consider the following statements (b) 1 and 3 only
regarding the Leader of Opposition:
(c) 2 and 3 only
1. The Leader of Opposition in the Lok
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Sabha has a statutory recognition.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 10
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,% 2- foi{k dk usrk dSfcusV ea=h ds rY‍; osru] HkÙkksa
¼a½ dsoy 1 vkSj vU; lqfoèkkvksa dk vfèkdkjh gksrk gSA
¼b½ dsoy 2 3- lcls cM+s foi{kh ny ds usrk dks foi{k ds usrk
¼c½ 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa dh ekU;rk feyrh gSA
¼d½ u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
24. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
1- 91osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e us eaf=ifj"kn
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
ds lnL‍;ks dh la[‍;k yksdlHkk dh dqy lnL‍;
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
la[;k ds 10% rd lhfer dj nhA
2- jk"Vªifr }kjk çèkkuea=h dh lykg ij dsaæh; 27. jkT; lHkk ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls
eaf=;ksa dh fu;qfä dh tkrh gS vkSj os laln ds dFku lgh gS@gSa\
fdlh Hkh lnu ds lnL; gks ldrs gSaA
RE
1- jkT;lHkk esa jkT;ksa dks jkT;ksa dh tula[;k ds
3- dsaæh; ea=h laln ds nwljs lnu dh cSBdksa esa Hkh
vkèkkj ij lhVsa vkoafVr dh xÃ gSaA
Hkkx ys ldrk gS] ftldk og lnL; ugÈ gSA
2- jkT;lHkk dk lnL; cuus ds fy, O;fä dh vk;q
25 o"kZ ls de ugÈ gksuh pkfg,A
(a) dsoy 1
3- fdlh fo'ks"k jkT; ls jkT;lHkk dk pquko yM+us
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 3
(d) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
O okyk mEehnokj t:jh ugÈ gksrk gS fd mD‍r
fo'ks"k jkT; esa ernkrk Hkh gksA
SC
25. ekuokfèkdkjksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ (a) dsoy 1
ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ (b) dsoy 2
1- la;qä jk"Vª egklHkk }kjk 1948 esa ekuokfèkdkjksa (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
dh lkoZHkkSfed ?kks"k.kk viukÃ xÃ FkhA (d) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
GS
2- blesa thou] Lora=rk] xfjek] lekurk vkSj

28. eaf=eaMy ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls
Hkkr`R‍;q ds ewyHkwr vfèkdkj 'kkfey FksA
3- ;s vfèkdkj lnL; ns'kksa ds fy, dkuwuh :i ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\
ckè;dkjh ugÈ gSaA 1- ;g eaf=ifj"kn dh rqyuk esa NksVk fudk; gksrk
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A gSA
(a) dsoy 1 2- lafoèkku esa bldh 'kfä;ksa vkSj dk;ks± dks ifjHkkf"kr
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 fd;k x;k gSA
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 3- ;g jk"Vªifr dk lykgdkjh fudk; gS vkSj bldh
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 lykg mlds fy, ckè;dkjh ugÈ gksrh gSA
26. foi{k ds usrk ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
(a) dsoy 1
dhft,%
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
1- yksdlHkk esa foi{k dk usrk lkafofèkd ekU;rk
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
çkIr gksrk gSA
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
11 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
29. With reference to functions and powers 32. Prevention of human trafficking, Forced
of a District judge, consider the following labour and Child labour is included
statements: under which of the given Fundamental
Rights?
1. District judge possesses original and
appellate jurisdiction in both civil as well (a) Right to Equality
as criminal matters. (b) Right to Freedom
2. Capital punishment passed by district (c) Right against Exploitation
judge is subject to confirmation by the
High Court, whether there is an appeal (d) Right to Constitutional Remedies
or not.
33. Which among the following Directive
Which of the statements given above is/are
Principles of State Policy are correctly
correct?
matched?
(a) 1 only 1. Article 39: Making provision for just and
(b) 2 only humane conditions of work and maternity
relief
(c) Both 1 and 2
RE
2. Article 40: Organization of village
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 panchayats
3. Article 42: Equitable distribution of
30. Which of the following is/are the material resources of the community for
characteristics of Universal Adult the common good
Suffrage? 4. Article 47: Raise the level of nutrition
O
1. The people of India play an indirect role and the standard of living of people and
in electing their representatives. to improve public health
2. Every citizen of the nation, irrespective Select the correct answer using the code given
of his/her social/education/gender below:
SC
background can contest in elections. (a) 1 and 2 only
Select the correct answer using the code given (b) 2 and 4 only
below:
(c) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 2 only
34. Which of the following provisions
GS
(c) Both 1 and 2

require special majority without states’
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
consent for their amendment?
1. Admission or establishment of new
31. Which of the following are the features
states
of Indian Constitution?
2. Procedure of Parliament to amend the
1. Federalism Constitution
2. Sovereignty of the Parliament 3. Fundamental Rights
3. Separation of power 4. Representation of states in Parliament.
4. Integrated judiciary 5. Directive Principles of State Policy
Select the correct answer using the code given Select the correct answer from the code given
below: below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (a) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
(b) 3 and 4 only (b) 2, 3, and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only (c) 3 and 5 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 4 and 5 only
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 12
29. ftyk U;k;kèkh'k ds dk;ks± vkSj 'kfä;ksa ds lanHkZ esa 32. ekuo rLdjh] tcju Je vkSj cky Je dh jksdFkke
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% fn, x, ewy vfèkdkjksa esa ls fdlds varxZr vkrk gS\
1- ftyk U;k;kèkh'k nhokuh vkSj vkijkfèkd nksuksa (a) lekurk dk vfèkdkj
ekeyksa esa ewy vkSj vihyh; {ks=kfèkdkj j[krk (b) Lora=rk dk vfèkdkj
gSA (c) 'kks"k.k ds fo#) vfèkdkj
2- ftyk U;k;kèkh'k }kjk ikfjr e`R;qnaM mPp (d) laoSèkkfud mipkj dk vfèkdkj
U;k;ky; }kjk iqf"V ds vèkhu gksrk gS] pkgs dksÃ
vihy gks ;k ugÈA 33. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&ls jkT; dh uhfr ds funs'kd
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ rRo lgh lqesfyr gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 1- vuqPNsn 39% dk;Z dh mfpr vkSj ekuoh; fLFkfr;ksa
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj ekr`Ro vodk'k dk çkoèkku
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
2- vuqPNsn 40% xzke iapk;rksa dk xBu
RE
3- vuqPNsn 42% lkekU; 'kqHk ds fy, leqnk; ds
30. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh lkoZHkkSfed o;Ld HkkSfrd lalkèkuksa dk leku forj.k
erkfèkdkj dh fo'ks"krk gS@fo'ks"krk,agSa\ 4- vuqPNsn 47% yksxksa dk iks"k.k Lrj vkSj thou
1- Hkkjr ds yksx vius çfrfufèk pquus esa vçR;{k
O Lrj Åij mBkuk vkSj lkoZtfud LokLF; esa
Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA lqèkkj ykukA
2- ns'k dk çR;sd ukxfjd] pkgs mldh uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
lkekftd@'kSf{kd@Çyx lacaèkh i`"BHkwfe dqN Hkh (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
SC
gks] pquko yM+ ldrk gSA (b) dsoy 2vkSj 4
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 1 (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
(b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa 34. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl çkoèkku esa la'kksèku ds fy,
GS
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 jkT;ksa dh lgefr ds fcuk fo'ks"k cgqer dh vko';drk

gksrh gS\
31. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh
1- u, jkT;ksa dk ços'k ;k LFkkiuk
fo'ks"krk,a gSa\
2- lafoèkku esa la'kksèku djus dh laln dh çfØ;k
1- la?kokn
3- ewy vfèkdkj
2- laln dh laçHkqrk
3- 'kfä i`FkD‍dj.k 4- laln esa jkT;ksa dk çfrfufèkRoA
4- ,dh—r U;k;ikfydk 5- jkT; dh uhfr ds funs'kd fl)kar

uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(a) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 (a) dsoy 2] 3] 4 vkSj 5
(b) dsoy 3 vkSj 4 (b) dsoy 2] 3] vkSj 4
(c) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 4 (c) dsoy 3 vkSj 5
(d) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4 (d) dsoy 1] 4 vkSj 5
13 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
35. With respect to the adjudication of Which of the above statements are correct?
Inter-State water disputes, consider the
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
following statements:
1. The concerned states can form a separate (b) 2 and 3 only
tribunal to deal with such disputes. (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
2. Parliament can exclude any court from
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
exercising jurisdiction in such a matter.
(a) 1 only regarding the Finance Commission of
(b) 2 only India:
(c) Both 1 and 2 Assertion (A): The constitution of the Finance

Commission is required in not just ensuring
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
cooperative federalism but also the competitive
federalism in India.
36. Which of the following are the
circumstances under which an Reason (R): The Commission make
RE
elected Member of Parliament may recommendations not just on the distribution
be disqualified on the ground of of the net proceeds of taxes between Union
defection? and States but also on the allocation amongst
1. If he voluntarily gives up his membership the States of the respective shares of such
of a political party on whose ticket he is proceeds.
elected to the House
O
2. If he votes or abstains from voting below:
contrary to direction issued by his
political party without prior permission (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the
of the political party correct explanation of A.
SC
3. If he speaks against the political party (b) Both A and R are correct, but R is not a
4. If any nominated member joins any correct explanation of A.
political party before the expiry of six (c) A is correct, but R is incorrect.
months.
(d) A is incorrect, but R is correct.
Select the correct answer from the codes given
below:
39. Consider the following statements:
GS
(a) 1 and 2 only

1. Appointment of the Prime Minister when
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
no single party attains majority after
(c) 3 and 4 only elections to the Lok Sabha.
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only 2. Dismissal of Council of Ministers where
it cannot prove the confidence of the Lok
37. Consider the following statements about Sabha.
National Human Rights Commission 3. Dissolution of the Lok Sabha if the Council
(NHRC):
of Ministers has lost its majority.
1. The Chairman of NHRC must be a retired
Chief Justice of India. In which of the above cases, President is
not bound by the advice of the Council of
2. It can encourage the efforts of non-
Ministers?
governmental organizations (NGOs)
working in the field of human rights. (a) 1 only
3. It has no power to punish the violators of (b) 1 and 2 only
human rights.
(c) 2 only
4. It has power to award any relief including
monetary relief to the victim. (d) 1, 2 and 3
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 14
35. varjkZT;h; ty fooknksa ds U;k;fu.kZ;u ds lacaèk esa] mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% (a) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3
1- lacafèkr jkT; bl çdkj ds fooknksa ls fuiVus ds (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
fy, vyx U‍;k;kfèkdj.k cuk ldrs gSaA
2- laln bl çdkj ds ekeys esa fdlh Hkh U‍;k;ky;
dks vius vfèkdkj {ks= dk ç;ksx djus ls (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
vioÆtr dj ldrh gSA
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ 38. Hkkjr ds foÙk vk;ksx ds laca/k esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa
(a) dsoy 1
ij fopkj djsa%
(b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa vfHkdFku ¼A½: u dsoy lgdkjh la?kokn cfYd
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 Hkkjr esa çfrLi/khZ la?kokn lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,
foÙk vk;ksx ds xBu dh vko';drk gSA
36. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh og ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gSa ftuesa
dkj.k ¼R½: vk;ksx u dsoy la?k vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp
RE
dksÃ fuokZfpr laln lnL; nycny ds vkèkkj ij
v;ksX; Bgjk;k tk ldrk gS\ djksa dh 'kq) vk; ds forj.k ij cfYd ,slh vk;
1- ;fn og LosPNk ls fdlh ml jktuhfrd ny dh ds lacaf/kr 'ks;jksa ds jkT;ksa ds chp vkoaVu ij Hkh
lnL;rk NksM+ nsrk gS ftlds fVdV ij og lnu flQkfj'ksa djrk gSA
ds fy, pquk x;k FkkA
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,%
2- ;fn og jktuhfrd ny dh iwoZ vuqefr ds fcuk
O
vius jktuhfrd ny }kjk tkjh fn'kk&funsZ'kksa
ds foijhr ernku djrk gS ;k ernku ls fojr
jgrk gS
¼a½ A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj R, A dk lgh
Li"Vhdj.k gSA
¼b½ A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa] ysfdu R, A dk lgh
SC
3- vxj og vius jktuhfrd ny ds fo:) cksyrk
Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
gSA
4- ;fn dksÃ euksuhr lnL; Ng eghus dh lekfIr ¼c½ A lgh gS] ysfdu R xyr gSA
ls igys fdlh jktuhfrd ny esa 'kkfey gks tkrk ¼d½ A xyr gS] ysfdu R lgh gSA
gSA
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A 39. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
GS
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2

(b) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 4 1- yksdlHkk ds pquko ds ckn fdlh ,d ny dks
(c) dsoy 3 vkSj 4 cgqer ugÈ feyus ij çèkku ea=h dh fu;qfäA
(d) dsoy 2] 3 vkSj 4
2- eaf=ifj"kn dh inP‍;qfr tgk¡ og yksdlHkk dk
37. jk"Vªh; ekuokfèkdkj vk;ksx ¼NHRC½ ds lacaèk esa foÜokl ugÈ fl) dj ldrh gSA
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% 3- ;fn eaf=ifj"kn us viuk cgqer [kks fn;k gS rks
1- NHRC dk vè;{k Hkkjr dk lsokfuo`Ùk eq[;
yksdlHkk dk fo?kVuA
U;k;kèkh'k gksuk pkfg,A
2- ;g ekuokfèkdkjksa ds {ks= esa dke djus okys mi;qZä esa ls fdl ekeys esa] jk"Vªifr eaf=ifj"kn dh
xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa ¼NGO½ ds ç;klksa dks lykg ls ckè; ugÈ gksrk gS\
çksRlkfgr dj ldrk gSA (a) dsoy 1
3- blds ikl ekuokfèkdkjksa ds mYya?kudrkZvksa dks
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
nafMr djus dh dksÃ 'kfä ugÈ gSA
(c) dsoy 2
4- blds ikl ihfM+r dks ekSfæd jkgr lfgr dksÃ
Hkh jkgr çnku djus dh 'kfä gSA (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
15 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
40. Consider the following statements Which of the above statements is/are correct?
regarding the Consolidated Fund of
(a) 1 only
India:
1. No money can be withdrawn from the (b) 1 and 2 only
Consolidated Fund of India without the (c) 3 only
approval of the President.
(d) 2 and 3 only
2. All the legally authorised payments on
behalf of the State Governments are
made out of the Consolidated Fund of
India. regarding Autonomous District Councils
is/are incorrect?
3. Pensions of the judges of the high courts
are charged upon the Consolidated Fund 1. Each Autonomous district has a district
of India. council consisting of 30 members.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 2. The President is empowered to organize
and re-organize the autonomous
(a) 1 only districts.
RE
(b) 3 only 3. The acts of state legislature always apply
(c) 1 and 3 only to autonomous districts.
(d) 2 and 3 only Select the correct answer from the code given
below:
41. Which of the following are the (a) 1 and 2 only
constitutional discretionary powers of
the Governors of states?
O (b) 2 and 3 only
1. Administration of adjoining Union (c) 1 and 3 only

Territory. (d) 1, 2 and 3
SC
2. Dissolution of state legislative assembly
if the Council of Ministers has lost its 44. Through which of the following ways an
majority. Indian citizen can lose its citizenship?
3. Recommendation for the imposition of
1. Renunciation
President’s Rule in the concerned state.
2. Termination
4. Reservation of a bill for the consideration
of the President. 3. Deprivation
GS
Select the correct answer using the code given 4. Naturalization

below: Select the correct answer from the code given
(a) 1 and 3 only below:
(b) 2 and 4 only (a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(c) 1, 3 and 4 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
regarding Delimitation Commission:
45. Which of the following can be threatened
1. Delimitation Commission is a permanent by the emergency provision?
body.
1. The federal character of the constitution.
2. Chairperson of Delimitation Commission
is appointed by the President of India. 2. The president can be a dictator.
3. Till date, Delimitation Commissions have 3. The financial autonomy of the state.
been set up four times. 4. Fundamental Duties
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 16
40. Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
ij fopkj dhft,% (a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
1- jk"Vªifr dh vuqefr ds fcuk Hkkjr dh lafpr
(c) dsoy 3
fufèk esa ls dksÃ èku ugÈ fudkyk tk ldrk gSA
(d) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
2- jkT; ljdkjksa dh vksj ls lHkh dkuwuh :i ls
vfèk—r Hkqxrku Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ls fd, 43. Lok;Ùk ftyk ifj"knksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls
tkrs gSaA
dkSu&lk@ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\
3- mPp U;k;ky;ksa ds U;k;kèkh'kksa dh isa'ku Hkkjr dh
1- çR;sd Lok;Ùk ftys esa 30 lnL;ksa ls feydj
lafpr fufèk ij Hkkfjr gksrh gSA
cuus okyh ,d ftyk ifj"kn gksrh gSA
2- jk"Vªifr dks Lok;Ùk ftyksa dk xBu vkSj iquxZBu
(a) dsoy 1
djus dk vfèkdkj gSA
(b) dsoy 3
RE
3- jkT; foèkkf;dk ds vfèkfu;e lnk Lok;Ùk ftyksa
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
ij ykxw gksrs gSaA
(d) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
41. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lh jkT;ksa ds jkT;ikyksa dh
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
laoSèkkfud foosdkèkhu 'kfä;k¡ gSa\
1- fudVorÊ dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k dk ç'kkluA
O (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
2- ;fn eaf=ifj"kn us viuk cgqer [kks fn;k gS] rks
SC
jkT; foèkku lHkk dk fo?kVuA 44. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdu rjhdksa ls dksÃ Hkkjrh; ukxfjd
3- lacafèkr jkT; esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu yxkus dh viuh ukxfjdrk [kks ldrk gS\
vuq'kalkA 1- R;kx
4- jk"Vªifr ds fopkjkFkZ fdlh foèks;d dk 2- lekiu
vkj{k.kA 3- oapu
GS
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A 4- ns'kh;dj.k

(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 4 (a) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4 (b) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4
(d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4 (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 4
(d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
42. ifjlheu vk;ksx ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
fopkj dhft,% 45. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlds fy, vkikrdkyhu çkoèkku
1- ifjlheu vk;ksx LFkk;h fudk; gSA ls [krjk iSnk gks ldrk gS\
2- ifjlheu vk;ksx dk vè;{k Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr 1- lafoèkku dk la?kh; pfj=
}kjk fu;qD‍r fd;k tkrk gSA 2- jk"Vªifr rkuk'kkg cu ldrk gS
3- vc rd] pkj ckj ifjlheu vk;ksxksa dk xBu 3- jkT; dh foÙkh; Lok;Ùkrk
fd;k x;k gSA 4- ewy drZO;
17 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Select the correct answer from the code given 3. The breach of privilege is not punished
below: with imprisonment.
(a) 1 and 3 only Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(b) 2 and 4 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
46. Which of the following statements is/
are correct regarding Parliamentary
Forums? 49. Which of the following statements
regarding electoral reforms is/are
1. The first Parliamentary Forum was
constituted in the year 2005. incorrect?
2. Speaker of Lok Sabha is the ex-officio 1. The 85th Amendment Act to the
President of all the Forums. Constitution reduced the minimum age
for voting from 21 to 18 years.
3. Each forum consists of not more than 31
RE
members excluding the President, Co- 2. Exit poll results could be broadcasted only
President, and Vice-President. during the first phase of the elections.
Select the correct answer from the code given 3. Voting through postal ballot is restricted
below: to military services only.
(a) 1 and 2 only Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(b) 2 and 3 only
O
(c) 1 and 3 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 only

SC
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
about the Right to Information Act is/
are correct?
1. The right to information is a fundamental
regarding the Advocate General of a
right under Article 21 of the Indian
Constitution. State:
GS
2. The government enacted the Right to 1. Advocate general of state holds office
Information act in 2005. during the pleasure of Chief Justice of
High court.
3. The citizens can seek any information
from the government authorities. 2. Judicial officer who have held office
for 5 years or has been an advocate of
Select the correct using the code given below:
High court for 10 years are eligible to be
(a) 1 and 2 only appointed as Advocate general of state.
(b) 2 only 3. Advocate general of state has the
(c) 1 and 3 only right to speak and to take part in the
proceedings of both the Houses of the
(d) 1, 2 and 3
state legislature.
48. Consider the following statements Which of the above statements is /are correct?
regarding Breach of Privilege: (a) 1 and 3 only
1. A breach of privilege is a violation of any of (b) 1 and 2 only
the privileges of Member of Parliament.
(c) 3 only
2. The breach could be committed in written
form, through an act or verbally. (d) 1, 2 and 3
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 18
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A 3- fo'ks"kkfèkdkj guu ds fy, dkjkokl dk naM ugÈ
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 fn;k tkrk gSA
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 4 mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(c) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
46. lalnh; eapksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
1- o"kZ 2005 esa çFke lalnh; eap dk xBu fd;k 49. pqukoh lqèkkjksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@
x;k FkkA ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\
2- yksdlHkk dk vè;{k lHkh eapksa dk insu vè;{k 1- lfoèkku ds 85osa la'kksèku vfèkfu;e }kjk ernku
gksrk gSA ds fy, U;wure vk;q dks 21 ls ?kVkdj 18 o"kZ
3- çR;sd eap esa vè;{k] lg&vè;{k vkSj mikè;{k dj fn;k x;kA
RE
dks NksM+dj 31 ls vfèkd ugÈ lnL;ksa ls feydj 2- ,fXtV iksy ds ifj.kkeska dks pquko ds igys pj.k
curk gSA
ds nkSjku gh çlkfjr fd;k tk ldrs FkkA
3- Mkd eri= ds ekè;e ls ernku dsoy lSU;
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
lsokvksa rd gh lhfer gSA
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
O (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
47. lwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
SC
esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
1- lwpuk dk vfèkdkj Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn

50. jkT; ds egkfèkoäk ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
21 ds varxZr ,d ewy vfèkdkj gSA
fopkj dhft,%
2- ljdkj us 2005 esa lwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e
cuk;k FkkA 1- jkT; dk egkfèkoäk mPp U;k;ky; ds eq[;
GS
3- ukxfjd ljdkjh çkfèkdkfj;ksa ls dksÃ Hkh tkudkjh U;k;kèkh'k ds çlkn i;±r viuk in èkkj.k djrk
ekax ldrs gSaA gSA
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A 2- 5 o"kZ rd in èkkj.k djus okys U;kf;d vfèkdkjh
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 ;k 10 o"kZ rd mPp U;k;ky; dk odhy jgk
(b) dsoy 2 O‍;fä egkfèkoäk ds :i esa fu;qfä dk ik= gksrk
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 gSA
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 3- jkT; ds egkfèkoäk dks jkT; foèkkf;dk ds nksuksa
lnuksa dh dk;Zokfg;ksa esa cksyus vkSj Hkkx ysus dk
48. fo'ks"kkfèkdkj guu ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij vfèkdkj gksrk gSA
fopkj dhft,% mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
1- fo'ks"kkfèkdkj dk guu laln lnL; ds fdlh Hkh (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
fo'ks"kkfèkdkj dk mYya?ku gSA (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
2- guu fyf[kr :i ls] fdlh —R‍; ds ekè;e ls ;k (c) dsoy 3
ekSf[kd :i ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
19 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
51. Consider the following pairs: (c) 2 and 3 only
Amendments Provisions (d) 1 and 3 only
1. 103rd 10% reservation

54. With reference to “Recusal of Judges”,
Constitutional granted to EWS section
consider the following statements
Amendment
1. It means removal of oneself as a judge
2. 24th Compensation for because of conflict of interest.
Constitutional acquiring property 2. There are written rules on the recusal of
Amendment of any individual to judges in the Constitution of India.
be decided by the 3. The judge being biased in favour of one
government party or the other is one of the Grounds
for Recusal.
3. 44th Right to property made
Constitutional a legal right Which of above statement is/are correct?
Amendment (a) 1 and 2 only
4. 26th Abolished the right to (b) 2 and 3 only
RE
Constitutional privy purse of princely (c) 1 and 3 only
Amendment states
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly
matched? 55. Consider the following statements:
(a) Only one pair
Assertion (A): The right to property is a
(b) Only two pairs
O constitutional right but not a part of the basic
structure of the Constitution.
(c) Only three pairs
Reason (R): In case of violation, the aggrieved
(d) All the four pairs
person cannot directly move to the Supreme
SC
Court under Article 32 or to the High Court
52. The ‘Halwa Ceremony’ in Indian under Article 226.
Parliamentary proceedings relates to:
(a) The final stage of the Union Budget below:
making process.
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the
(b) First sitting of Lok Sabha every year. correct explanation of A.
GS
(c) Joint sitting of the two houses. (b) Both A and R are correct, but R is not a
(d) Motion of Thanks following the correct explanation of A.
Presidential address to both the houses. (c) A is correct, but R is incorrect.
(d) A is incorrect, but R is correct.
regarding the custodial violence:
56. With reference to Delegated Legislation,
1. The term ‘custodial violence’ has not been
consider the following statements:
defined under any law.
1. It is a process by which the executive
2. Protection form torture is a fundamental
authority is given powers to make laws
right under A-22 (1) of the constitution.
in order to implement the requirements
3. India has neither signed nor ratified of a primary legislation.
the UN Convention against Torture
(UNCAT). 2. The growth of ‘delegated legislation’ has
increased the powers of bureaucracy.
Which of the above statements is/are
3. The Committee, which sees that delegated
incorrect?
legislation does not transgress into areas
(a) 1 and 2 only not prescribed for it, can be formed only
(b) 2 only in the Lower House of the Parliament.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 20
51. fuEufyf[kr ;qXeksa ij fopkj dhft,% (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
la'kks/ku çko/kku
1 03oka lafo/kku bZMCY;w,l oxZ dks 10% 54. "U;k;kèkh'kksa
ds ds lquokÃ ls vyx gksus" ds lanHkZ esa
la'kks/ku vkj{k.k fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,
2 24oka lafo/kku fdlh Hkh O;fä dh laifÙk 1- bldk vFkZ fgrksa ds Vdjko ds dkj.k Lo;a dks
U;k;kèkh'k ds in ls gVkuk gSA
la'kks/ku vftZr djus ij eqvkotk
2- Hkkjr ds lafoèkku esa U;k;kèkh'kksa ds lquokÃ ls
ljdkj }kjk nsuk
vyx gksus ds fyf[kr fu;e gSaA
3 44osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku laifÙk ds vf/kdkj dks 3- fdlh ,d i{k ;k nwljs i{k ds i{k esa U‍;k;kèkh'k
dkuwuh vf/kdkj cuk;k dk i{kikrh gksuk lquokÃ ls vyx gksus ds vkèkkjksa
tkuk esa ls ,d gSA
4 mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
26osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku fj;klrksa ds fçoh ilZ ds
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
vf/kdkj dks lekIr dj
RE
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
fn;k tkuk (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
mijksä ;qXeksa esa ls dkSu&lk/ls lgh lqesfyr gS/gSa\ (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
¼a½ dsoy ,d ;qXe
¼b½ dsoy nks ;qXe
¼c½ dsoy rhu ;qXe
O vfHkdFku ¼A½: laifÙk dk vf/kdkj ,d laoS/kkfud
vf/kdkj gS ysfdu lafo/kku dh ewy lajpuk dk fgLlk
¼d½ lHkh pkj ;qXe
ugha gSA
dkj.k ¼R½: mYya?ku ds ekeys esa] ihfM+r O;fä
52. Hkkjrh; lalnh; dk;Zokgh esa *gyok lekjksg* fdlls lh/ks vuqPNsn 32 ds rgr loksZPp U;k;ky; ;k
SC
lacafèkr gS% vuqPNsn 226 ds rgr mPp U;k;ky; esa ugha tk
(a) dsaæh; ctV cukus dh çfØ;k ds vafre ldrk gSA
pj.kA uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,%
(b) çfr o"kZ yksdlHkk dh igyh cSBdA ¼a½ A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj R, A dk lgh
Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(c) nksuksa lnuksa dh la;qä cSBdA
¼b½ A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa] ysfdu R, A dk lgh
(d) nksuksa lnuksa esa jk"Vªifr ds vfHkHkk"k.k ds ckn
GS
Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA

èkU;okn çLrkoA ¼c½ A lgh gS] ysfdu R xyr gSA
¼d½ A xyr gS] ysfdu R lgh gSA
53. fgjklr esa Çglk ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
fopkj dhft,% 56. çR;k;ksftr foèkk;u ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
1- *fgjklr esa Çglk* 'kCn dks fdlh Hkh dkuwu ds fopkj dhft,%
varxZr ifjHkkf"kr ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA 1- ;g og çfØ;k gS ftlds }kjk dk;Zdkjh çkfèkdj.k
dks çkFkfed foèkk;u dh vko';drkvksa dks ykxw
2- çrkM+uk ls laj{k.k lafoèkku ds vuqP‍Nsn&22¼1½ ds
djus ds fy, dkuwu cukus dh 'kfä nh tkrh
varxZr ewy vfèkdkj gSA
gSA
3- vR;kpkj ds fo:) la;qä jk"Vª dUosa'ku 2- *çR;k;ksftr foèkk;u* dh o`f) us ukSdj'kkgh dh
¼UNCAT½ ij Hkkjr us u rks gLrk{kj fd;k gS 'kfä;k¡ c<+k nh gSA
vkSj u gh bldh iqf"V dh gSA 3- çR;k;ksftr foèkk;u dh ns[kjs[k djus okyh
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\ lfefr tks vius fy, fuèkkZfjr ugÈ {ks=ksa esa
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 vfrØe.k ugÈ djrh gS] dsoy laln ds fuE‍u
(b) dsoy 2 lnu esa cukÃ tk ldrh gSA
21 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 60. Which of the following statements
(a) 2 only regarding Fundamental Duties is
incorrect?
(b) 1 and 3 only
(a) Swaran Singh Committee suggested
(c) 1 and 2 only
the incorporation of eight Fundamental
(d) 1, 2 and 3 Duties in the Constitution.
(b) The recommendation that Parliament
may provide for the imposition of penalty
regarding the post of Mayor in Local
Self Government: for non-compliance with any of the duties
was incorporated in the Constitution.
1. The constitution bars from holding
indirect elections to the post of mayor in (c) These are confined to all Indian citizens
municipalities. only and do not extend to foreigners.
2. Mayor is a formal head of corporation (d) 86th Amendment to the Constitution
who is elected for a one-year renewable amended Article 51A also.
term.
RE
Which of the above statements is/are 61. Which of the following statements
incorrect?
regarding Doctrine of Ancillary Powers
(a) 1 only are correct?
(b) 2 only 1. It provides that the power to legislate
(c) Both 1 and 2 on a subject also includes the power to
legislate on ancillary matters that are
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
O reasonably connected to that subject.
58. Consider the following statements 2. The doctrine focuses on such an

regarding GST Council: interpretation of the words in the statute
SC
to provide them a liberal and the widest
1. The expenses on GST Council Secretariat
are borne by both states and Centre. interpretation.
2. 1/10th members of GST Council constitute 3. The power of the Parliament to make
its quorum. incidental provisions related to the
creation of Legislative Council of State
under Article 169 is justified by this
(a) 1 only doctrine.
GS
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 below:
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
1. Delimitation Commission is a (c) 1 and 3 only
constitutional body whose orders can’t be (d) 1, 2 and 3
challenged in a court of law.
2. Election Commission does not have 62. Consider the following statements:
the authority to redraw boundaries of
constituencies. 1. If any law passed by the Parliament is
inconsistent with the law passed in the
state legislature, the earliest passed law
(a) 1 only of state government would prevail.
(b) 2 only 2. A state law which receives President’s
(c) Both 1 and 2 assent cannot be held void by the
Parliament later.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 22
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ 60. ewy drZO;ksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk
(a) dsoy 2 dFku xyr gS\
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(a) lafoèkku esa vkB ewy drZO;ksa dks 'kkfey djus
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
dk lq>ko Lo.kZ Çlg lfefr us fn;k FkkA
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(b) ;g vuq'kalk dh fd fdlh Hkh drZO; dk ikyu
u djus ij naM vkjksfir djus dk laln }kjk
57. LFkkuh; Lo'kklu esa egkikSj ds in ds lacaèk esa
çkoèkku fd;k tk ldrk gS] lafoèkku esa 'kkfey
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
dh xÃA
1- lafoèkku uxj ikfydkvksa esa egkikSj ds in ds
(c) ewy drZO‍; dsoy lHkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa rd
fy, vçR;{k pquko djkuk fooÆtr djrk gSA
gh lhfer gSa vkSj budk fonsf'k;ksa rd foL‍rkj
2- ,d o"kZ ds uohdj.kh; dk;Zdky ds fy, pquk ugÈ gSaA
tkus okyk egkikSj uxj fuxe dk vkSipkfjd
(d) lafoèkku ds 86osa la'kksèku us vuqPNsn 51A esa Hkh
çeq[k gksrk gSA
la'kksèku fd;kA
RE
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1
61. vuq"kaxh 'kfä;ksa ds fl)kar ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa
(b) dsoy 2
ls dkSu&lk dFku lgh gS\
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 1- ;g çokèkku djrk gS fd fdlh fo"k; ij dkuwu
O cukus dh 'kfä esa ml fo"k; ls ;qfä;qD‍r :i ls
58. GST ifj"kn ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj tqM+s vuq"kaxh ekeyksa ij Hkh dkuwu cukus dh 'kfä
dhft,% 'kkfey gSA
1- GST ifj"kn lfpoky; ij gksus okyk [kpZ jkT;ksa 2- ;g fl)kar lafofèk esa 'kCnksa dh ,slh dh O;k[;k
SC
vkSj dsaæ nksuksa }kjk ogu fd;k tkrk gSA ij mUgsa mnkj vkSj O;kid O;k[;k çnku djus
2- GST ifj"kn ds 1@10 lnL; bldh x.kiwÆr dk ds fy, dsafær gSA
xBu djrs gSaA 3- vuqPNsn 169 ds varxZr jkT; foèkku ifj"kn ds
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ l`tu ls lacafèkr vkdfLed çkoèkku djus dh
(a) dsoy 1 laln dh 'kfä bl fl)kar }kjk mfpr BgjkÃ
GS
(b) dsoy 2 tkrh gSA

(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
1- ifjlheu vk;ksx ,d laoSèkkfud fudk; gS] vr% (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
mlds vkns'kksa dks U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh ugÈ nh tk
ldrh gSA
2- fuokZpu vk;ksx dks fuokZpu {ks=ksa dh lhek dk
1- ;fn laln }kjk ikfjr dksÃ Hkh dkuwu jkT;
iqu% vkjs[k.k djus dk vfèkdkj ugÈ gSA
foèkkf;dk esa ikfjr dkuwu ls vlaxr gS] rks jkT;
ljdkj dk iwoZrj ikfjr dkuwu ekU; gksxkA
(a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 2
2- jk"Vªifr dh lgefr çkIr djus okyk jkT; dkuwu
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa ckn esa laln }kjk 'kwU; ugÈ Bgjk;k tk ldrk
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 gSA
23 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Which of the statements given above is/are 3. Along with Fundamental Rights, it has
correct? been described as the ‘Conscience of the
(a) 1 only Constitution’.
(b) 2 only Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(c) Both 1 and 2
(a) 1 and 3 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) 2 and 3 only
63. Which of the following statements (c) 1 only
regarding the Government of India Act
1935 is incorrect? (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) Abolition of India Council of the Secretary

of State. 66. Which of the following pairs is incorrectly
matched?
(b) It provided for diarchy in the federal
executive which was earlier rejected by Acts To give
the Simon Commission. effect
RE
(c) Provinces derived their power and (a) Ancient Monument & Article 49
authority directly from the British Archaeological Sites and
Crown.
Remains Act
(d) It expanded the electoral franchise
to more than 50 per cent of the total (b) Land Reforms Acts Article 39
population. (c) National Forest Policy Article 51
O
(d) Mahatma Gandhi National Article 41
Rural Employment Guarantee
1. In the presidential form of government,
Act
SC
the executive is not responsible to the
legislature.
2. Direct democracy is where citizens, not 67. Which of the following Directives was
elected officials, vote directly on major not added by the 42nd Constitutional
issues. Amendment Act?
3. A constitutional monarchy is a system (a) To secure opportunities for healthy
of government in which the power of a development of children
GS
monarch is limited by the Constitution.

(b) To promote equal justice and to provide
Which of the above statements are correct? free legal aid to the poor
(a) 1 and 3 only (c) To take steps to secure the participation
(b) 1 and 2 only of workers in the management of
industries
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) State to minimise inequalities in income,
(d) 1, 2 and 3
status, facilities and opportunities

are correct regarding the ‘Directive 68. Which of the following is/are correct
Principles of State Policy’? about the ‘proclamation of national
emergency’ by the President of India?
1. They embody the concept of a ‘welfare
state’. 1. President can proclaim an emergency
2. The framers of the Constitution borrowed only on the actual occurrence of the war
this idea from the Spanish Constitution or external aggression.
of, which had copied it from the Irish 2. ‘National Emergency’ can be limited to a
Constitution. specific part of India by the President.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 24
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ 3- ewy vfèkdkjksa ds lkFk&lkFk bldk *lafoèkku dh
(a) dsoy 1 varjkRek* ds :i esa o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
(b) dsoy 2
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
63. Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e 1935 ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr (c) dsoy 1
esa ls dkSu&lk dFku xyr gS\ (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(a) jkT; lfpo ¼Hkkjr ea=h½ dh Hkkjr ifj"kn dk
mUewyuA 66. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk ;qXe xyr lqesfyr gS\
(b) blus la?kh; dk;Zikfydk esa }Sèk 'kklu dk vf/kfu;e@ uhfr;k¡ jkT; uhfr ds
çkoèkku fd;k ftls igys lkbeu deh'ku }kjk funsZ'kd fl)kar
vLohdkj dj fn;k x;k FkkA ¼a½ çkphu Lekjd vkSj iqjkrRo LFky vuqPNsn 49
RE
(c) çkar viuh 'kfä vkSj çkfèkdkj lhèks fczfV'k vkSj vo'ks"k vf/kfu;e
jkteqdqV ls çkIr djrsA ¼b½ Hkwfe lq/kkj vf/kfu;e vuqPNsn 39
(d) blus pqukoh erkfèkdkj dk dqy vkcknh ds 50 ¼c½ jk"Vªh; ou uhfr vuqPNsn 51
çfr'kr ls vfèkd rd foLrkj fd;kA ¼d½ egkRek xka/kh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vuqPNsn 41
O jkstxkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e
64. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa%
1- v/;{kkRed 'kklu ç.kkyh esa dk;Zikfydk 67. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk funs'kd fl)kar 42osa
fo/kkf;dk ds çfr mÙkjnk;h ugha gksrh gSA lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e }kjk ugÈ tksM+k x;k Fkk\
SC
2- çR;{k yksdra= og gS tgk¡ ukxfjd] fuokZfpr (a) cPpksa ds LoLFk fodkl ds fy, volj lqjf{kr
vf/kdkjh ugha] çeq[k eqíksa ij lh/ks ernku djrs
djuk
gSaA
(b) leku U;k; dks c<+kok nsuk vkSj xjhcksa dks
3- ,d laoS/kkfud jktra= ljdkj dh ,d ç.kkyh gS
fu%'kqY‍d dkuwuh lgk;rk çnku djuk
ftlesa ,d lezkV dh 'kfä lafo/kku }kjk lhfer
(c) m|ksxksa ds çcaèku esa Jfedksa dh Hkkxhnkjh
GS
gksrh gSA
lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, dne mBkuk
mijksä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu ls lgh gSa\
(d) vk;] çfLFkfr] lqfoèkkvksa vkSj voljksa esa
¼a½ dsoy 1 vkSj 3
vlekurk de ls de djuk
¼b½ dsoy 1 vkSj 2
¼c½ dsoy 2 vkSj 3
68. Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr }kjk *jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh
¼d½ 1] 2 vkSj 3
mn~?kks"k.kk* ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls
65. ^jkT; dh uhfr ds funs'kd fl)karksa* ds lacaèk esa lgh gS@gSa\
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ 1- jk"Vªifr dsoy ;q) ;k cká vkØe.k dh okLrfod
1- jkT; dh uhfr ds funs'kd fl)kar *dY;k.kdkjh ?kVuk ij gh vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk dj ldrk
jkT;* dh voèkkj.kk dks lkdkj djrs gSaA gSA
2- lafoèkku fuekZrkvksa us ;g fopkj Lisu ds lafoèkku 2- jk"Vªifr }kjk *jk"Vªh; vkikrdky* dks Hkkjr ds
ls mèkkj fy;k Fkk] ftls mlus vk;jySaM ds ,d fof'k"V Hkkx rd lhfer fd;k tk ldrk
lafoèkku ls viuk;k FkkA gSA
25 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Select the correct answer using the following 72. Which of the following provisions of the
code: Constitution ensure independence of
the Supreme Court?
(a) 1 only
1. Security of tenure
(b) 2 only
2. Restriction to take any job after
(c) Both 1 and 2 retirement
(d) None of the above 3. Administrative expenses charged on
consolidated funds of India
69. Which of the following is not included 4. Power to punish for contempt
in the provisions concerning inter-state
council by the Constitution? Select the correct option using the code given
below:
(a) Adjudication of inter-state water
disputes (a) 1 and 3 only
(b) Coordination through inter-state (b) 1, 3 and 4 only

councils (c) 2, 3 and 4 only
RE
(c) Arbitration by the President and/ (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
or representative(s) appointed by the
President 73. Consider the following statements
(d) Freedom of inter-state trade, commerce, regarding tribunals:
and intercourse. 1. Tribunals are judicial or quasi-judicial
O bodies established by law.
70. With reference to the Preamble of Indian 2. Central administrative tribunal is the
Constitution, consider the following first tribunal to be established in India.
statements:
SC
3. Tribunals are post-independence
1. The idea of Justice i.e. Social, Economic, innovation to ease the burdens of
and Political is taken from Russian traditional judiciary.
revolution.
2. The Preamble is not a source of power to incorrect?
the legislature.
(a) 2 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
GS
(b) 2 and 3 only

incorrect?
(c) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(d) None of the above
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 74. Consider the following:
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. Inter-state water disputes
2. Dispute between two states
71. The Second Schedule of the Constitution
3. Habeas Corpus
does not deal with the emoluments of
which of the following? In which of the above does the Supreme Court
have exclusive original jurisdiction?
(a) Chairman and Deputy Chairman of State
Legislative Council (a) 2 only
(b) Prime Minister of India (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) High Court Judges (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) Comptroller and Auditor General (d) 3 only
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 26
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A 72. lafoèkku ds fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&ls çkoèkku loksZPp
(a) dsoy 1 U;k;ky; dh Lora=rk lqfuf'pr djrs gSa\
(b) dsoy 2 1- dk;Zdky dh lqj{kk
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa 2- lsokfuo`fÙk ds ckn fdlh Hkh dke ij yxus ij

çfrcaèk
(d) mi;qZä esa ls dksÃ ugÈ
3- Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ij çHkkfjr ç'kklfud
O;;
69. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk lafoèkku }kjk varjkZT;h;
4- voekuuk ds fy, naM nsus dh 'kfä
ifj"kn ls lacafèkr çkoèkkuksa esa 'kkfey ugÈ gS\ uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh fodYi
(a) varjkZT;h; ty fooknksa dk U;k;fu.kZ;u pqfu,A
(b) varjjkT;h; ifj"knksa ds ekè;e ls leUo; (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(b) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4
(c) jk"Vªifr vkSj@;k jk"Vªifr }kjk fu;qä
RE
çfrfufèk¼;ksa½ }kjk eè;LFkrk (d) 1] 2] 3 vkSj 4
(d) varj&jkT;h; O;kikj] okf.kT; vkSj lekxe dh
73. U;k;kfèkdj.kksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
Lora=rkA
O fopkj dhft,%
70. Hkkjr ds lafoèkku dh çLrkouk ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr 1- dkuwu }kjk LFkkfir U;kf;d ;k vèkZ&U;kf;d
fudk; gSaA
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
2- dsaæh; ç'kklfud U;k;kfèkdj.k Hkkjr esa LFkkfir
SC
1- U;k; vFkkZr~ lkekftd] vkÆFkd vkSj jktuhfrd fd;k tkus okyk igyk U;k;kfèkdj.k gSA
U‍;k; dk fopkj :lh Økafr ls mèkkj fy;k x;k 3- U;k;kfèkdj.k ikjaifjd U;k;ikfydk dk cks> de
gSA djus ds fy, Lora=ksR‍rj uokpkj gSaA
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\
2- çLrkouk foèkkf;dk dh 'kfä dk lzksr ugÈ gSA (a) dsoy 2
GS
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\ (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 1 (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3

(d) mi;qZä esa ls dksÃ ugÈ
(b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa 74. fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft,%
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 1- varjkZT;h; ty fookn
2- nks jkT;ksa ds chp fookn
71. lafoèkku dh f}fr vuqlwph fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdldh 3- cUnh çR;{khdj.k
ifjyfCèk;ksa ls lacafèkr ugÈ gS\ mi;qZä esa ls fdl ij loksZPp U;k;ky; dk vuU;
ewy {ks=kfèkdkj gS\
(a) jkT; foèkku ifj"kn ds vè;{k vkSj mikè;{k
(a) dsoy 2
(b) Hkkjr ds çèkku ea=h (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(c) mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) fu;a=d vkSj egkys[kk ijh{kd (d) dsoy 3
27 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
75. Consider the following statements Which of the statements given above is/are
regarding appointment of district correct?
judges:
(a) 1 and 3 only
1. Appointment, posting and promotion of
district judges in a state are made by (b) 2 only
governor in consultation with the high
(c) 1 and 2 only
court.
2. Subordinate judicial officers can apply (d) 1, 2 and 3
for direct appointment as district judge
if they have experience of seven years as 78. Which of the following is not a
an advocate. constitutional discretionary power of
Which of the above statements is/are correct? the Governors of states?
(a) 1 only (a) Seeking information from the Chief

Minister with regard to the administrative
(b) 2 only
and legislative matters of state.
(c) Both 1 and 2
(b) Recommendation for the imposition of
RE
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 President’s Rule in the concerned state.
76. Consider the following statements with (c) Dissolution of state legislative assembly
respect to the Presidential Electoral if the Council of Ministers has lost its
College: majority.
1. The President is elected by an Electoral (d) Reservation of a bill for the consideration
College consisting of elected Members
O
of Parliament and State Legislative
of the President.
Assemblies.
79. Consider the following statement with
2. Nominated Members of both Houses of respect to the Money Bill:
SC
the Parliament and State Legislative
Councils also take part in election. 1. A minister who is a member of the Upper
House can also introduce it.
3. The voting is done by open ballot to
reduce cross voting. 2. A money bill can be introduced by any
member of Lok Sabha.
Which of the above statements are
incorrect? 3. The President must give the assent to a
(a) 1 only Money Bill as it can only be introduced
GS
by the prior recommendation of the

(b) 2 and 3 only President
(c) 1 and 3 only
Which of the above statements are correct?
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1 only

regarding the removal of the Vice- (c) 3 only
President of India:
(d) 1, 2 and 3
1. A formal impeachment procedure similar
to the President of India is provided in
the Constitution of India. 80. Consider the following regarding the
2. A resolution requires to be passed by 73rd Amendment Act:
effective majority in Rajya Sabha, while 1. It was enacted to address the issues and
simple majority in Lok Sabha. improve the efficacy of elections in rural
3. The ground of removal of the Vice- areas.
President of India is same as of
2. Its goal relates to Article 40 of the
the President i.e., “Violation of the
constitution.
Constitution.”
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 28
75. ftyk U;k;kèkh'kksa dh fu;qfä ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr Åij fn, x, dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk@ls lgh gS@
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% gSa\
1- fdlh jkT; esa ftyk U;k;kèkh'kksa dh fu;qfä] ¼a½ dsoy 1 vkSj 3
rSukrh vkSj inksUufr mPp U;k;ky; ds ijke'kZ ¼b½ dsoy 2
ls jkT;iky }kjk dh tkrh gSA ¼c½ dsoy 1 vkSj 2
2- vèkhuLFk U;kf;d vfèkdkjh ftyk U;k;kèkh'k ds ¼d½ 1] 2 vkSj 3
:i esa lhèkh fu;qfä gsrq vkosnu dj ldrs gSa
;fn muds ikl vfèkoäk ds :i esa lkr o"kZ dk 78. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk jkT;ksa ds jkT;ikyksa dh
vuqHko gSA laoSèkkfud foosdkèkhu 'kfä ugÈ gS\
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (a) jkT; ds ç'kklfud vkSj foèkk;h ekeyksa ds
(a) dsoy 1 lacaèk esa eq[;ea=h ls tkudkjh çkIr djukA
(b) dsoy 2 (b) lacafèkr jkT; esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu yxkus dh
vuq'kalk djukA
RE
(c) ;fn eaf=ifj"kn us viuk cgqer [kks fn;k gS rks
jkT; foèkku lHkk dk fo?kVuA
76. jk"‍Vªifr ds fuokZpd eaMy ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
(d) jk"Vªifr ds fopkjkFkZ fdlh foèks;d dk
vkj{k.kA
1- jk"Vªifr dk fuokZpu laln vkSj jkT; foèkku
O
lHkkvksa ds fuokZfpr lnL;ksa ls feydj cuus okys
79. èku foèks;d ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
fuokZpd eaMy }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
dhft,%
2- laln vkSj jkT; foèkkf;dk ds nksuksa lnuksa ds
1- ea=h tks mPp lnu dk lnL; gS] og Hkh bldks
SC
euksuhr lnL; Hkh jk"Vªifr ds fuokZpu esa Hkkx
ysrs gSaA çL‍rqr dj ldrk gSA
3- çfr ernku de djus ds fy, ernku [kqys 2- èku foèks;d yksdlHkk ds fdlh Hkh lnL; }kjk
eri= }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA çL‍rqr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls xyr gSa\ 3- jk"Vªifr dks èku foèks;d ij viuh lgefr nsuh
(a) dsoy 1 gh iM+rh gS D;ksafd ;g dsoy jk"Vªifr dh iwoZ
GS
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 vuq'kalk ls gh çL‍rqr fd;k tk ldrk gS

(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
77. Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr dks gVkus ds laca/k esa fuEufyf[kr
(c) dsoy 3
dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa%
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
1- Hkkjr ds lafo/kku esa Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr ds leku
,d vkSipkfjd egkfHk;ksx çfØ;k çnku dh xbZ 80. 73osala'kks/ku vf/kfu;e ds laca/k esa fuEufyf[kr ij
gSA
fopkj djsa%
2- ,d çLrko dks jkT;lHkk esa çHkkoh cgqer ls
1- bls eqíksa dks gy djus vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa
ikfjr djus dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tcfd
yksdlHkk esa lk/kkj.k cgqer lsA pqukoksa dh çHkkoksRikndrk esa lq/kkj djus ds fy,
vf/kfu;fer fd;k x;k FkkA
3- Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr dks inP;qr djus dk
vk/kkj jk"Vªifr ds leku gh gS] vFkkZr ^lafo/kku 2- bldk y{; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 40 ls lacaf/kr
dk mYya?kuA* gSA
29 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Which of the statements given above is/are information from convicts or those who
correct? have been arrested for an offence.
(a) 1 only 2. The Act provides that the records will be
destroyed in case of persons who have
(b) 2 only
not been previously convicted and are
(c) Both 1 and 2 released without trial, discharged, or
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 acquitted by the court, unless directed
otherwise by the Magistrate or court.
81. Which of the following statements Which of the above statements is/are correct?
regarding the Digital Rights is/are (a) 1 only
correct?
(b) 2 only
1. These rights are closely linked to freedom
of expression and privacy that allow to (c) Both 1 and 2
access digital media. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Digital rights are an extension of the
rights set out in the Universal Declaration 84. Consider the following statements
RE
of Human Rights by the United Nations regarding the Delhi Municipal
as applied to the online world. Corporation (Amendment) Bill 2022:
Select correct answer using the code given 1. The Bill replaces the three municipal
below: corporations under the Act with One
(a) 1 only Corporation named the Municipal
Corporation of Delhi.
(b) 2 only
O
2. The Bill provides that the Delhi
(c) Both 1 and 2 Government may appoint a Special
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Officer to exercise the powers of the
SC
Corporation.
82. Consider the following statements: 3. The Bill adds that obligatory functions
1. Election Freebies are the offerings/ of the new Corporation will include
distribution of irrational gifts from establishing an e-governance system for
political parties as part of electoral citizen services on anytime-anywhere
promises. basis for better, accountable, and
transparent administration.
2. Model Code of Conduct requires the
GS
political parties and candidates to explain Which of the above statements is/are correct?
the rationale for promises made therein (a) 1 and 2 only
as well as the possible ways and means
to finance such promises. (b) 1 and 3 only
Which of the above statements is/are (c) 2 only

incorrect? (d) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only 85. Which of the following statements
regarding the National Anti-Doping Act
(c) Both 1 and 2 is/are correct?
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. The National Anti-Doping Agency is a
statutory body for regulating anti-doping
83. With reference to Criminal Procedure activities in food industries.
(Identification) Act 2022, consider the 2. The act intends to accomplish establish
following statements: standards for the manufacturing of
1. This act empowers police officers or prison nutritional supplements for fast food in
officers to collect certain identifiable India.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 30
Åij fn, x, dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk@ls lgh gS@ fxj¶rkj fd, x, yksxksa ls dqN igpku ;ksX;
gSa\ tkudkjh ,d= djus dk vfèkdkj nsrk gSA
¼a½ dsoy 1 2- ;g vfèkfu;e çkoèkku djrk gS fd mu O;fä;ksa
¼b½ dsoy 2 ds ekeys esa vfHkys[kksa dks u"V dj fn;k tk,xk
¼c½ 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa ftUgsa U‍;k;ky; }kjk igys nks"kh ugÈ Bgjk;k x;k
¼d½ u rks 1 vkSj u gh gS vkSj eqdnes pyk, fcuk eqD‍r dj fn;k x;k gS]
mU‍eksfpr ;k cjh dj fn;k x;k gS] tc rd fd
81. fMftVy vfèkdkjksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls eftLVªsV ;k U‍;k;ky; }kjk vU;Fkk funsZ'k ugÈ
dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ fn;k tkrk gSA
1- fMftVy vfèkdkj vfHkO;fä dh Lora=rk vkSj mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
xksiuh;rk ls ?kfu"‍Brk ls lacafèkr gSa tks fMftVy (a) dsoy 1
ehfM;k rd igqap dh vuqefr nsrs gSaA (b) dsoy 2
2- fMftVy vfèkdkj la;qä jk"Vª }kjk ekuo vfèkdkjksa
RE
dh lkoZHkkSe ?kks"k.kk esa fuèkkZfjr vfèkdkjksa dk
foLrkj gS tSlk fd v‚uykbu txr ij ykxw
84. fnYyh uxj fuxe ¼la'kksèku½ foèks;d 2022 ds lacaèk
gksrk gSA
esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, %
1- ;g foèks;d vfèkfu;e ds varxZr rhu uxj
(a) dsoy 1
fuxeksa dks fnYyh uxj fuxe uked ,d fuxe
(b) dsoy 2
O ls çfrLFkkfir djrk gSA
2- ;g foèks;d çkoèkku djrk gS fd fnYyh ljdkj
fuxe dh 'kfä;ksa dk ç;ksx djus ds fy, fo'ks"k
SC
vfèkdkjh fu;qä dj ldrh gSA
3- ;g foèks;d dgrk gS fd u, fuxe ds vfuok;Z
1- pqukoh jsoM+h pqukoh oknksa ds Hkkx ds :i esa
dk;ks± esa csgrj] tokcnsg vkSj ikjn'kÊ ç'kklu ds
jktuhfrd nyksa }kjk rdZghu migkjksa dk forj.k
fy, fdlh Hkh le; dgÈ Hkh vkèkkj ij ukxfjd
gSA
lsokvksa ds fy, Ã&'kklu ç.kkyh LFkkfir djuk
2- vkn'kZ vkpkj lafgrk esa jktuhfrd nyksa vkSj
GS
'kkfey gksxkA
mEehnokjksa dks blesa fd, x, oknksa ds vkSfpR; mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
ds lkFk&lkFk ,sls oknksa dks foÙkiksf"kr djus ds (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
laHkkfor rjhdksa vkSj lk/kuksa dh O;k[;k djus dh (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
vko';drk gksrh gSA (c) dsoy 2
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\ (d) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 2 85. jk"Vªh; MksÇix jksèkh vfèkfu;e ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 1- jk"Vªh; MksÇix jksèkh ,tsalh [kk| m|ksxksa esa
MksÇix jksèkh xfrfofèk;k¡ fofu;fer djus ds fy,
83. vkijkfèkd çfØ;k ¼igpku½ vfèkfu;e 2022 ds lkafofèkd fudk; gSA
lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% 2- bl vfèkfu;e dk mís'; Hkkjr esa QkLV QwM ds
1- ;g vfèkfu;e iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa ;k tsy fy, iks"kd rRo lacaèk iwjd vkgkjksa ds fofuekZ.k
vfèkdkfj;ksa dks nksf"k;ksa ;k fdlh vijkèk ds fy, ds fy, LFkkfir ekudksa dks iwjk djuk gSA
31 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Select correct answer using the code given Which of the above statements is are correct?
below:
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
86. The Electronic Voting Machines in India 1. The 10% EWS quota was introduced under
has been designed and are produced the 103rd Constitution (Amendment) Act,
by: 2019 by amending Articles 15 and 16.
1. Bharat Electronics Limited 2. It is for economic reservation in jobs and
admissions in educational institutes for
2. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).
3. Electronic Corporation of India Limited
3. It enables only Centre to provide
4. National Informatics Centre Services reservations to the EWS of society.
RE
Inc
Which of the above statements regarding the
Select the correct answer using the code given Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) quota
below: is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only

O (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 3, and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

SC
regarding SVAMITVA scheme:
1. National E-Vidhan Application enables
1. This scheme is initiated by ministry of
the house members to carry out their
rural development.
responsibilities effectively and conduct
paperless legislative business. 2. It aims to provide rural people with
the right to document their residential
2. The application hosts a secure page for properties so that they can use their
GS
each Member of the House for submitting property for economic purposes.
questions & other notices.
3. The objective of this scheme is to reduce
Which of the above statements is/are correct? property-related disputes and legal
cases.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(a) 1 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 2 and 3 only
88. Consider the following statements in (d) 1, 2 and 3
the context of provisions related to
prisoners on right to cast their vote: 91. With reference to the Nyaya Mitra
1. Under trial prisoners are excluded from Scheme, consider the following
participating in elections even if their statements:
names are on the electoral rolls. 1. This scheme aims to facilitate expeditious
disposal of 10-15 years old pending cases
2. A preventive detenee can cast their vote
in Subordinate Courts only.
through postal ballots.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 32
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 2
(b) dsoy 2

86. Hkkjr esa bysDVª‚fud oksfVax e'khuksa dks fMtkbu vkSj 1- 10% EWS dksVk 103osa lafoèkku ¼la'kksèku½
fufeZr fd;k x;k gS% vfèkfu;e] 2019 }kjk vuqPNsn 15 vkSj 16 esa
1- Hkkjr bysDVª‚fuDl fyfeVsM la'kksèku dj ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA
2- ;g vkÆFkd :i ls detksj oxks± (EWS)
2- Hkkjr gsoh bysfDVªdYl fyfeVsM
dks ukSdfj;ksa vkSj 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa esa ços'k esa
3- bysDVª‚fud d‚iksZjs'ku v‚Q bafM;k fyfeVsM vkj{k.k çnku djrk gSA
4- jk"Vªh; lwpuk foKku dsaæ lsok bad 3- ;g dsoy dsaæ dks lekt ds vkÆFkd :i ls
detksj oxks± dks vkj{k.k çnku djus ds fy,
RE
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,%
l{ke cukrk gSA
¼a½ dsoy 1 vkSj 2
vkÆFkd :i ls detksj oxks± (EWS) ds dksVk ds
¼b½ dsoy 3 vkSj 4 lacaèk esa mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@
¼c½ dsoy 1 vkSj 3 gSa\
¼d½ dsoy 1] 3] vkSj 4 (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
O
1- jk"Vªh; Ã&foèkku ,I‍yhds'ku lnu ds lnL;ksa dh
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
vius mR‍rjnkf;R‍oksa dks çHkkoh <ax ls iwjk djus

SC
90. SVAMITVA ;kstuk ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa
vkSj dkxt jfgr foèkk;h dkedkt djus esa leFkZ
ij fopkj dhft,%
cukrk gSA
1- ;g ;kstuk xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; }kjk vkjaHk
2- ;g ,fIyds'ku ç'u vkSj vU; lwpuk çL‍rqr djus dh xÃ gSA
ds fy, lnu ds çR;sd lnL; ds fy, ,d 2- bldk mís'; xzkeh.k yksxksa dks viuh vkoklh;
lqjf{kr i`"B gksLV djrk gSA laifÙk;ksa dk çys[ku djus dk vfèkdkj çnku
GS
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ djuk gS rkfd os vkÆFkd mís';ksa ds fy, viuh
(a) dsoy 1 laifÙk dk mi;ksx dj ldsaA
(b) dsoy 2 3- bl ;kstuk dk mís'; laifÙk lacaèkh fooknksa vkSj
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa dkuwuh eqdneksa esa deh ykuk gSA
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
88. viuk oksV Mkyus ds vfèkdkj ij cafn;ksa ls lacafèkr
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
çkoèkkuksa ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
dhft, %
1- fopkjkèkhu cafn;ksa dks pquko esa Hkkx ysus ls ckgj 91. U;k; fe= ;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
j[kk tkrk gS] Hkys gh mudk uke ernkrk lwph fopkj dhft,%
esa gSA 1- bl ;kstuk dk mís'; dsoy vèkhuLFk U;k;ky;ksa
esa 10&15 o"kZ iqjkus yafcr ekeyksa ds 'kh?kz
2- fuokjd canh Mkd eri= ds ekè;e ls viuk oksV
fuL‍rkj.k dh lqfoèkk çnku djuk gSA
Mky ldrs gSaA
33 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
2. This scheme would be functionalized 2. This is a Central Sector Scheme that is
through a retired judicial or executive fully funded by the Central Government.
officer with legal experience.
3. Under this scheme, Artificial Limbs
Which of the above statements is/are correct? Manufacturing Corporation (ALIMCO)
(a) 1 only undertakes one year free maintenance of
the aids & assisted living devices.
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
below:
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 and 2 only

regarding Tele-Law: (c) 1 and 3 only
1. Department of Justice has partnered with
(d) 1, 2 and 3
NALSA and CSC e-Governance Service
India Limited for mainstreaming legal aid
to the marginalised communities through 95. Regarding the Family Courts Act, 1984,
which of the following statements is/are
RE
Common Services Center (CSC).
2. Tele-Law means the use of incorrect?
communications and information 1. Under the provision of the Act, state
technology for the delivery of governments can establish Family Courts
legal information and advice. but, it is the central government which
Which of the above statements is/are correct? can notify dates for the Act to come into
force in different states.
(a) 1 only
O
2. This Act was enacted with a view to
(b) 2 only
promote conciliation, and secure speedy
(c) Both 1 and 2 settlement of disputes relating to
SC
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 marriage and family affairs.
Select correct answer using the code given
93. Consider the following statements: below:
1. Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) (a) 1 only
aims to quickly and effectively develop
most under-developed districts across (b) 2 only
the country. (c) Both 1 and 2
GS
2. The ADP essentially is aimed at localizing

(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Sustainable Development Goals, leading
to the progress of the nation.
96. Consider the following:
incorrect? 1. Improving the quality of life in tribal
areas
(a) 1 only
2. Improving the quality of education
(b) 2 only
3. Qualitative and sustainable employment
(c) Both 1 and 2
for tribal families
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 4. Bridging infrastructure gaps with focus
on quality
5. Protection of tribal culture and heritage
regarding Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana
(RVY) is/are correct? Identify the government welfare scheme based
1. RVY is a scheme for providing Physical on their objectives given above:
Aids and Assisted-living Devices for (a) Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana
Senior citizens belonging to BPL
category. (b) Eklavya Model Residential School
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 34
2- ;g ;kstuk lsokfuo`Ùk U;kf;d ;k dkuwuh vuqHko 2- ;g dsaæh; {ks=d dh iwjh rjg ls dsaæ ljdkj
j[kus okys dk;Zdkjh vfèkdkjh ds ekè;e ls }kjk foÙk iksf"kr ;kstuk gSA
dk;kZfUor dh tk,xhA 3- bl ;kstuk ds varxZr] —f=e vax fuekZ.k fuxe
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ ¼ALIMCO½ }kjk lgk;rk vkSj lgk;frr&fuokZg
(a) dsoy 1 ;qfä;ksa dk ,d o"kZ fu%'kqYd j[kj[kko fd;k
(b) dsoy 2 tkrk gSA
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
92. Vsyh&y‚ ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
dhft,% (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
1- U‍;k; foHkkx tulqfoèkk dsaæksa (CSC) ds ekè;e
ls gkf'k, ij iM+s leqnk;ksa ds fy, dkuwuh 95. ikfjokfjd U;k;ky; vfèkfu;e] 1984, ds lacaèk esa]
lgk;rk eq[‍;èkkjk esa ykus ds fy, NALSA vkSj fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\
RE
CSC Ã&xous±l lÆol bafM;k fyfeVsM ds lkFk 1- vf/kfu;e ds çko/kku ds rgr] jkT; ljdkjsa
lgHkkfxrk dj jgk gSA ifjokj U;k;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dj ldrh gSa]
2- Vsyh&y‚ dk vFkZ dkuwuh lwpuk vkSj lykg nsus ysfdu og dsaæ ljdkj gS tks vf/kfu;e ds
ds fy, lapkj vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa ykxw gksus dh rkjh[kksa dks
djuk gSA vf/klwfpr dj ldrh gSA
(a) dsoy 1
(b) dsoy 2
O
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ 2- ;g vfèkfu;e fookg vkSj ikfjokfjd ekeyksa ls
lacafèkr fooknksa esa lqyg dks c<+kok nsus vkSj
Rofjr lekèkku çkI‍r djus dh –f"V ls ikfjokfjd
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa U;k;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk djus ds fy, vfèkfu;fer
SC
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 fd;k x;k FkkA
93. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,% (a) dsoy 1
1- vkdka{kh ftyk dk;ZØe ¼ADP½ dk mís'‍; ns'k (b) dsoy 2
Hkj esa lokZfèkd vY‍ifodflr ftyksa dk 'kh?kz vkSj (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
çHkkoh :i ls fodkl djuk gSA (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
GS
2- vkdka{kh ftyk dk;ZØe ¼ADP½ dk vfuok;Z :i

96. fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft,%
ls mís'; laèkkj.kh; fodkl y{;ksa dks LFkkuh;
cukdj jk"Vª dh çxfr dk ekxZ ç'kL‍r djuk 1- tutkrh; {ks=ksa esa thou dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj
gSA ykuk
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\ 2- f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj ykuk
(a) dsoy 1 3- tutkfr; ifjokjksa dks xq.kkRed vkSj LFkk;h
(b) dsoy 2 jkstxkj çnku djuk
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa 4- xq.koÙkk ij è;ku nsus ds lkFk volajpuk varjky
(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 dks ikVuk
5- tutkfr; laL—fr vkSj fojklr dk laj{k.k
94. jk"Vªh; o;ksJh ;kstuk ¼RVY½ ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr djuk
esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ mi;qZD‍r mís';ksa ds vkèkkj ij bl ljdkjh
1- RVY BPL Js.kh ds ofj"B ukxfjdksa dks 'kkjhfjd dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk dh igpku dhft,%
lgk;rk vkSj lgk;frr&fuokZg ;qfä;k¡ miyC‍èk (a) oucaèkq dY;k.k ;kstuk
djkus dh ;kstuk gSA (b) ,dyO; vkn'kZ vkoklh; fo|ky;
35 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
(c) Minimum Support Price for Minor Forest (c) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
Produce (MSP for MFP)
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
(d) Institutional Support for Development
and Marketing of Tribal Products
regarding Indian Antarctic Act:
1. The Act seeks to give effect to the
1. Eklavya Model Residential School (EMRS)
started to impart quality education to ST Antarctic Treaty, the Convention on
children in remote areas. the Conservation of Antarctic Marine
2. The schools focus not only on academic Living Resources, and the Protocol
education but on the all-round on Environmental Protection to the
development of the students. Antarctic Treaty.
3. The grants have been given for 2. This act also seeks to protect the Antarctic
construction of schools and recurring environment and regulate activities in
expenses to the State Governments the region.
under Grants under Article 275 (1) of the
RE
Constitution. Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(b) 1 and 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 only
O (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3
98. Which of the following objectives are are correct regarding Rashtriya Gram
SC
related to POSHAN Abhiyaan?
Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA)?
1. Reduce Low Birth Weight (LBW)
1. ‘Transformation of Aspirational Districts’
2. Prevent and reduce Stunting in children
program aims to quickly and effectively
3. Reduce the prevalence of anaemia among transform selected districts.
young Children
2. RGSA enables Municipal corporations to
4. Prevent and reduce under-nutrition
function effectively to achieve SDGs.
GS
(underweight prevalence) in children

5. Reduce the prevalence of anaemia among Select the correct answer using the code given
Women and Adolescent Girls in the age below:
group of 15-49 years
(a) 1 only
Select correct answer using the code given
below: (b) 2 only
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
vvvvv
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 36
(c) y?kq ouksit ds fy, U;wure leFkZu ewY; (c) dsoy 1] 3] 4 vkSj 5
¼MFP ds fy, MSP½ (d) 1] 2] 3] 4 vkSj 5
(d) tutkrh; mRiknksa ds fodkl vkSj foi.ku ds
fy, laLFkkxr lgk;rk 99. Hkkjrh; vaVkdZfVd vfèkfu;e ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr
1- ;g vfèkfu;e vaVkdZfVd lafèk] vaVkdZfVd leqæh
1- ,dyO; e‚My vkoklh; fo|ky; ¼EMRS½
thoèkkjh lalkèkuksa ds laj{k.k ij vfHkle; vkSj
}kjk nwjLFk {ks=ksa esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds cPpksa
dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk çnku dh tkrh gSA vaVkdZfVd lafèk esa i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ij çksVksd‚y
dks ykxw djuk pkgrk gSA
2- ;g fo|ky; u dsoy vdknfed f'k{kk ij cfYd
Nk=ksa ds lok±xh.k fodkl ij Hkh è;ku nsrk gSA 2- ;g vfèkfu;e vaVkdZfVd ds i;kZoj.k dh j{kk
3- lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 275¼1½ ds varxZr vuqnku djuk vkSj bl {ks= esa xfrfofèk;k¡ fofu;fer
ds varxZr jkT; ljdkjksa dks Ldwy fuekZ.k vkSj djuk pkgrk gSA
RE
vkorÊ O;;ksa ds fy, vuqnku fn;k tkrk gSA mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (a) dsoy 1
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2
(b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
98.
(d) 1] 2 vkSj 3
O
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&ls mís'; POSHAN vfHk;ku
100. jk"Vªh; xzke Lojkt vfHk;ku ¼RGSA½ ds lacaèk esa
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa \
SC
ls lacafèkr gSa\
1- *vkdka{kh ftyksa dk :ikarj.k* dk;ZØe dk mís'‍;
1- tUe ds le; de otu (LBW) esa deh ykuk
p;fur ftyksa dk Rofjr vkSj çHkkoh <ax ls
2- cPpksa esa vo:) o`f) jksduk vkSj de djuk
:ikarj.k djuk gSA
3- NksVs cPpksa esa jD‍rkY‍irk dh O‍;kidrk de
djuk 3- RGSA uxj fuxeksa dks SDG gkfly djus ds
GS
4- cPpksa esa vYi&iks"k.k ¼de otu dh O;kidrk½ fy, çHkkoh <ax ls dke djus esa leFkZ cukrk
jksduk vkSj de djuk gSA
5- 15&49 o"kZ dh vk;q oxZ dh efgykvksa vkSj uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A
fd'kksfj;ksa esa jäkYirk dh O;kidrk de djuk (a) dsoy 1
uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A (b) dsoy 2
(a) dsoy 1] 2 vkSj 3 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(b) dsoy 2] 3 vkSj 4 (d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2
vvvvv
37 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Space for Rough Work
RE
O
SC
GS
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 38
Space for Rough Work
RE
O
SC
GS
39 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Test No.
lkekU; v/;;u
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh dk ewy fl)kar & 2 15
le; % nks ?k.Vs iw.kkZad % 200
1. ijh{kk izkjEHk gksus ds rqjUr ckn] vki bl ijh{k.k iqfLrdk dh iM+rky vo'; dj ysa fd blesa dksbZ fcuk Nik] QVk ;k NwVk gqvk i`"B
vFkok iz'uka'k] vkfn u gksA ;fn ,slk gS] rks bls lgh ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ls cny ysaA
2. Ñi;k /;ku j[ksa fd OMR mÙkj&i=d esa] mfpr LFkku ij] jksy uEcj vkSj ijh{k.k iqfLrdk vuqØe A, B, C ;k D dks] /;ku ls ,oa
fcuk fdlh pwd ;k folaxfr ds Hkjus vkSj dwVc) djus dh ftEesnkjh mEehnokj dh gSA fdlh Hkh izdkj dh pwd@folaxfr dh fLFkfr esa
mÙkj&i=d fujLr dj fn;k tk,xkA
3. bl ijh{k.k ij lkFk esa fn, x, dks"Bd esa vkidks viuk vuqØekad fy[kuk gSA ijh{k.k
iqfLrdk ij vkSj dqN u fy[ksaA
4. bl ijh{k.k iqfLrdk esa 100 iz'ukad ¼iz'u½ fn, x, gSaA izR;sd iz'uka'k fgUnh vkSj vaxzsth nksauksa esa Nik gSA izR;sd iz'uka'k esa pkj izR;qÙkj
¼mÙkj½ fn, x, gSaA buesa ls ,d izR;qÙkj dks pqu ysa] ftls vki mÙkj&i=d ij vafdr djuk pkgrs gSaA ;fn vkidks ,slk yxs fd ,d ls
vf/kd izR;qÙkj lgh gS] rks ml izR;qÙkj dks vafdr djsa tks vkidks loksZÙke yxsA izR;sd iz'uka'k ds fy, dsoy ,d gh izR;qÙkj pquuk gSA
5. vkidks vius lHkh izR;qÙkj vyx ls fn, x, mÙkj&i=d ij gh vafdr djus gSaA mÙkj&i=d esa fn, x, funsZ'k ns[ksaA
6. lHkh iz'uka'kksa ds vad leku gSaA
7. blls igys fd vki ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ds fofHkUu iz'uka'kksa ds izR;qÙkj mÙkj&i=d ij vafdr djuk 'kq: djsa] vkidks izos'k izek.k&i= ds
lkFk izsf"kr vuqns'kksa ds vuq'kkj dqN fooj.k mÙkj&i=d esa nsus gSaA
8. vki vius lHkh izR;qÙkjksa dks mÙkj&i=d esa Hkjus ds ckn rFkk ijh{kk ds leku ij dsoy mÙkj&i=d v/kh{kd dks lkSai nsaA vkidks vius
lkFk ijh{kd iqfLrdk ys tkus dh vuqefr gSA
9. dPps dke ds fy, i=d ijh{k.k iqfLrdk ds vUr esa layXu gSA
10. xyr mÙkjksa ds fy, n.M %
mEehnokj }kjk fn, x, xyr mÙkjksa ds fy, n.M fn;k tk,xkA
(i) izR;sd iz'u ds fy, pkj oSdfYid mÙkj gSaA mEehnokj }kjk izR;sd iz'u ds fy, fn, x, ,d xyr ds fy, iz'u
gsrq fu;r fd, x, vadksa dk ,d&frgkbZ n.M ds :i esa dkVk tk,xkA
(ii) ;fn dksbZ mEehnokj ,d ls vf/kd mÙkj nsrk gS] rks bls xyr mÙkj ekuk tk,xk] ;|fi fn, x, mÙkjksa esa ls ,d
mÙkj lgh gksrk gS] fQj Hkh ml iz'u ds fy, mi;qZäkuqlkj gh mlh rjg dk n.M fn;k tk,xkA
(iii) ;fn mEehnokj }kjk dksbZ iz'u gy ugha fd;k tkrk gS] vFkkZr~ mEehnokj }kjk mÙkj ugha fn;k tkrk gS] rks ml
iz'u ds fy, dksbZ n.M ugha fn;k tk,xkA
tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa

Note: English version of the instructions is printed on the front cover of this Booklet.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
Test No.
IAS Prelims - 2023

15
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
GENERAL STUDIES
POLITY & GOVERNANCE REVISION
Answer Key
Q. 1 (a) Q. 26 (a) Q. 51 (c) Q. 76 (b)
Q. 2 (b) Q. 27 (c) Q. 52 (a) Q. 77 (b)
Q. 3 (d) Q. 28 (c) Q. 53 (b) Q. 78 (c)
Q. 4 (d) Q. 29 (c) Q. 54 (c) Q. 79 (b)
Q. 5 (c) Q. 30 (b) Q. 55 (c) Q. 80 (b)
Q. 6 (b) Q. 31 (d) Q. 56 (c) Q. 81 (c)
Q. 7 (b) Q. 32 (c) Q. 57 (c) Q. 82 (d)
Q. 8 (c) Q. 33 (b) Q. 58 (d) Q. 83 (c)
Q. 9 (d) Q. 34 (c) Q. 59 (d) Q. 84 (b)
Q. 10 (d) Q. 35 (b) Q. 60 (b) Q. 85 (d)
Q. 11 (d) Q. 36 (a) Q. 61 (d) Q. 86 (c)
Q. 12 (d) Q. 37 (b) Q. 62 (d) Q. 87 (c)
Q. 13 (c) Q. 38 (a) Q. 63 (d) Q. 88 (c)
Q. 14 (c) Q. 39 (d) Q. 64 (c) Q. 89 (a)
Q. 15 (a) Q. 40 (b) Q. 65 (a) Q. 90 (c)
Q. 16 (b) Q. 41 (c) Q. 66 (c) Q. 91 (b)
Q. 17 (b) Q. 42 (c) Q. 67 (d) Q. 92 (c)
Q. 18 (d) Q. 43 (b) Q. 68 (b) Q. 93 (d)
Q. 19 (c) Q. 44 (a) Q. 69 (c) Q. 94 (d)
Q. 20 (a) Q. 45 (c) Q. 70 (d) Q. 95 (d)
Q. 21 (b) Q. 46 (c) Q. 71 (b) Q. 96 (a)
Q. 22 (c) Q. 47 (b) Q. 72 (b) Q. 97 (d)
Q. 23 (b) Q. 48 (a) Q. 73 (b) Q. 98 (d)
Q. 24 (d) Q. 49 (d) Q. 74 (a) Q. 99 (c)
Q. 25 (d) Q. 50 (c) Q. 75 (a) Q. 100 (a)
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
1. Correct Option: (a) of the term. In case a vacancy arises by
reasons of death, resignation or removal
Explanation: or otherwise, the election to fill that
 Statement 3 is incorrect: The President vacancy is held as soon as possible after
of India is not a member of either House the occurrence**. The person so elected is
of Parliament and does not sit in the entitled to hold office for a full term of 5
Parliament to attend its meetings. years from the date he enters office.
Parliament of India  The Vice-President is elected by an
electoral college consisting of members
 The Rajya Sabha is the Upper House
of both Houses of Parliament. On the
(Second Chamber or House of Elders) and
contrary, the President of India is elected
the Lok Sabha is the Lower House (First
by the Members of an Electoral College
Chamber or Popular House).
consisting of (a) the elected members
 Rajya Sabha represents the states and of both Houses of Parliament and (b)
union territories of the Indian Union, the elected members of the Legislative
while the Lok Sabha represents the people Assemblies of the States [including
of India as a whole. National Capital Territory of Delhi and
the Union Territory of Puducherry vide
 Though the President of India is
the Constitution (Seventieth Amendment)
not a member of either House of
Act, 1992.
Parliament and does not sit in the
Parliament to attend its meetings, he  The election of a person as Vice-
is an integral part of the Parliament. President cannot be challenged on
grounds that the Electoral College
Topic: Parliament of India
was incomplete (i.e., existence of any
Subtopic: Parliamentary System vacancy among the members of Electoral
College).
2. Correct Option: (b) Topic: Vice-President of India
Explanation: Subtopic: Election of Vice-President of
India
 Statement 1 is incorrect: Although the
manner of election for both President and
Vice President are same, the electoral 3. Correct Option: (d)
colleges are different.
Explanation:
Vice President Election
 Option (d) is correct.
 A person cannot be elected as Vice-
Presidential Government
President unless he -
 Presidential form of government
 is a citizen of India;
gives narrow representation.
 has completed the age of 35 years,
 Parliamentary form of government
and
gives wider representation and that is
 is qualified for election as a member one of the reasons for its adoption by
of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) our constitutional makers. Once the
i.e. he should be a citizen of India, president is elected he can rule with/
30 years of age and an elector of the without any party support until
Parliamentary constituency in a State the next election. So it is the stable
or Union Territory which he seeks to government.
be elected to represent.
 The doctrine of separation of powers
 A person is not also eligible if he holds is the basis of the presidential system.
any office of profit under the Government Ex: In U.S.A. President cannot dissolve
of India or a State Government or any the House of Representatives the
subordinate local authority. lower house of the Congress.
 An election to fill a vacancy caused by  Presidential form of government also
the expiry of the term of office of Vice- characterized by Single executive, Non-
President is completed before the expiry responsibility, Political homogeneity may
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 2
not exist, Single membership, Domination  The Attorney General (AG) is appointed
of president. by the president. He must be a person
who is qualified to be appointed a judge of
Topic: Types of Government the Supreme Court.
Subtopic: Presidential Government  The term of office of the AG is not
fixed by the Constitution. Further,
4. Correct Option: (d) the Constitution does not contain the
procedure and grounds for his removal.
Explanation: Judge of High court removal procedure
 All statements are correct. is given in constitution. He holds office
during the pleasure of the president.
Elections in India
Topic: Attorney General of India
 There is only one general electoral roll
Subtopic: Constitutional provisions for
for every territorial constituency for
AGI
election to both Parliament and State
Legislatures.
6. Correct Option: (b)
 The validity of any law relating to the
delimitation of constituencies cannot be Explanation:
questioned in any court.  Statement 2 is incorrect: Originally
 The validity of any law relating to the the CVC was neither a constitutional
delimitation of constituencies or the body nor a statutory body. Later, in 2003,
allotment of seats to such constituencies, the Parliament enacted a law conferring
made or purporting to be made under statutory status on the CVC.
Article 327 or Article 328 shall not be Central Vigilance Commission
called in question in any court.
 Central Vigilance Commission: Its
 Election petitions are triable in High establishment was recommended by the
Court, as provided in the Representation Santhanam Committee on Prevention of
of the People (Amendment) Act, 1966. Corruption.
 Election petitions are filed in the High  Originally the CVC was neither a
Court of the particular state in which the constitutional body nor a statutory
election was conducted. Therefore, only the body. Later, in 2003, the Parliament
High Courts have the original jurisdiction enacted a law conferring statutory
on deciding on election petitions. Such status on the CVC.
jurisdiction shall be exercised ordinarily  The CVC is a multi-member body
by the Single Judge of the High Court consisting of a Central Vigilance
and Chief Justice shall from time to Commissioner (chairperson) and not more
time assign one or more Judges for that than two vigilance commissioners.
purpose.  The CVC has to present annually to the
Topic: Elections President a report on its performance.
The President places this report before
Subtopic: Elections in India each House of Parliament.
Topic: Constitutional & Non-
5. Correct Option: (c) constitutional Body
Explanation: Subtopic: Central Vigilance Commission
 Option (c) is correct
Attorney General of India
Explanation:
 The Constitution (Article 76) has provided
for the office of the Attorney General for  Option (b) is correct
India. He is the highest law officer in the
Uniform Civil Code in DPSP
country. Comptroller and Auditor General
of India is not the highest law officer in  Article 44 of the Constitution which talks
the country. of a uniform civil code for all Indians
3
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
 Uniform civil code on the on-going point  The power to review its own decisions is
of debate within India mandate to replace not an inherent power of the Supreme
the personal laws based on the scriptures Court, but a protective measure against
and customs of each major religious the fallibility of the apex institution of the
community in India with a common set of judiciary so as to ensure the delivery of
rules governing every citizen. justice. It must therefore be exercised in a
limited manner.
Topic: DPSP
Curative petition
Subtopic: Uniform Civil Code
 A curative petition may be filed after a
review plea against the final conviction is
8. Correct Option: (c) dismissed. It is meant to ensure there is
Explanation: no miscarriage of justice, and to prevent
abuse of process. A curative petition is
 Option (c) is correct. usually decided by judges in chamber,
Review petition unless a speciÞc request for an open-
court hearing is allowed.
 Article 137 of the Constitution of India
grants the Supreme Court the power to  Every curative petition is decided on
review any of its judgments or orders. the basis of principles laid down by the
This power is however subject to the Supreme Court in Rupa Ashok Hurra
Rules made by the Supreme Court under Vs Ashok Hurra & another, 2002. The
Article 145, as well as the provisions of court ruled that a curative petition can be
any law enacted by parliament. Further, entertained if the petitioner establishes
as per the Supreme Court Rules, 2013, a there was a violation of the principles of
review Petition must be Þled within natural justice, and that he was not heard
30 days from the judgment or order of by the court before passing an order. It will
which review is sought and must be also be admitted where a judge failed to
placed before the same Bench which disclose facts that raise the apprehension
had delivered the decision. of bias.
 The purpose of a review petition is limited  A curative petition must be

to remedying an apparent error or the accompanied by certiÞcation by
resultant grave injustice that has been the a senior advocate, pointing out
consequence of a decision of the Supreme substantial grounds for entertaining
Court. The Court is thus restricted in the it. It must be first circulated to a bench
exercise of the power of review to cases of the three senior-most judges, and
where there is an error apparent on the the judges who passed the concerned
face of the record (criminal cases) or in judgment, if available. Only when a
accordance with the provisions of Order majority of the judges conclude that the
XLVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, matter needs hearing should it be listed
1908. — as far as possible, before the same
Bench.
 A party is not entitled to seek a review
of a judgment delivered by the Court  In the event of the Bench holding at
merely for the purpose of a rehearing and any stage that the petition is without
a fresh decision in the case. Normally the any merit and vexatious, it may impose
exemplary costs on the petitioner.
principle is that a judgment pronounced
by the Court is final and departure from Topic: Judiciary
that principle is justified only when
circumstances of a substantial and Subtopic: Review and Curative petitions
compelling character make it necessary
to do so. If the attention of the Court 9. Correct Option: (d)
is not drawn to a material statutory
provision during the original hearing Explanation:
the Court will review its judgment. The  Option (d) is correct.
Court may also reopen its judgment
Constitutional Bench
if a manifest wrong has been done
and it is necessary to pass an order  Article 145(3) of the Constitution makes
to do full and effective justice. it clear. It says “any case involving a
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 4
substantial question of law as to the will be heard by a Constitution Bench, the
interpretation of the Constitution” must be number of judges on the bench and even
decided by a Bench of at least five judges. its composition. While there are no clear
Such a bench is called a Constitution guidelines, the sole discretion lies with
bench. It will have five or more judges the CJI. It is not binding on the CJI to be
of the Supreme Court. In India, these a part of a Constitution Bench.
benches are temporary and are dissolved
 To date, the largest-ever Constitution
once a legal question or issue is settled.
Bench was that of 13 judges in the case
 Currently, there are four situations when Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala,
such a bench can be formed. headed by the then CJI S. M. Sikri.
 First, if a case involves a “substantial Topic: Judiciary
question of law” related to the
Subtopic: Constitutional Bench
interpretation of the Constitution.
 Second, a bench can be formed if the
President seeks SC’s opinion on law 10. Correct Option: (d)
or fact. In this case, however, the apex Explanation:
court’s decision is not binding on the
 Option (d) is correct.
President, and they can take a different
point of view. Constitutional government
 Third, a Constitution bench can be  Constitutional government is defined by
formed when a two-judge bench and later the existence of a Constitution—which
a three-judge bench deliver conflicting may be a legal instrument or merely a
judgements on the same issue. set of fixed norms or principles generally
 Lastly, it can be formed if a three-judge accepted as the fundamental law of
bench delivers a judgement that is the polity—that effectively controls the
different from the judgement delivered by exercise of political power.
a previous three-judge bench on an issue.  The essence of constitutionalism is the
 The judiciary hasn’t determined so far control of power by its distribution among
what constitute “substantial questions several state organs or offices in such
of law” that “involve Constitutional a way that they are each subjected to
interpretation”. reciprocal controls and forced to cooperate
in formulating the will of the state.
 A larger Bench can, however, overrule
the pronouncement of a five-judge Topic: Features of the Constitution
Constitution Bench. But before that, a Subtopic: Meaning of the Constitutional
five-judge Bench must be convinced that government
the previous order was incorrect, following
which it may refer the matter to a larger
Bench of seven judges. 11. Correct Option: (d)
 In India, DY Chandrachud has been a part Explanation:
of 21 constitution benches, the highest in  Statement 1 is incorrect: Only a simple
the country. He is followed by Justices AM majority is required for creation of new
Khanwilkar and Ashok Bhushan with 15 States.
and 10 benches, respectively.
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The bills
 Constitution Benches are not a routine can be introduced in either House of the
affair in the SC as most of the cases are Parliament.
listed before a two or three-judge Bench,
called a Division Bench. As per the legal Process of formation of new States
provisions, a Constitution Bench consists  Parliament of India can form new States;
of a minimum of five judges and the alter the area, boundaries or names of
number can go up to an odd number of the existing States by a law passed by a
seven, nine and so on. simple majority.
 The Chief Justice of India, who is also the  The bills for the formation of new states
master of the roster, decides which cases or alteration of the boundaries or names
5
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
of the existing states shall be introduced  He audits the receipts and expenditure of
in either House of the parliament (Lok the following:
Sabha or Rajya Sabha), only on the  All bodies and authorities substantially
recommendation of the President of financed from the Central or state
India. revenues.
 The President of India, before introducing Government companies:
the Bill in the Parliament, shall refer it
 Other corporations and bodies, when so
to the concerned State legislature for its
required by related laws.
opinion within a specified time limit.
 He audits all transactions of the Central
 If the State Legislature does not give its and state governments related to debt,
opinion within the specified time limit, sinking funds, deposits, advances,
the time limit may be extended. suspense accounts and remittance
 The bill may be introduced even if the business. He also audits receipts, stock
opinion has not come. accounts and others, with approval of
the President, or when required by the
 The parliament is not bound to accept President.
or act upon the views of the State
 He audits the accounts of any other
Legislature. authority when requested by the President
 It is not necessary to make fresh or Governor. For example, the audit of
reference to the State Legislature for local bodies.
its opinion within a specified time  He advises the President with regard
limit. to prescription of the form in which the
accounts of the Centre and the states
Topic: States & UTs
shall be kept (Article 150).
Subtopic: Process of formation of new  He submits his audit reports relating to
States the accounts of the Centre to President,
who shall, in turn, place them before both
12. Correct Option: (d) the Houses of Parliament (Article 151).
 He submits his audit reports relating
Explanation:
to the accounts of a state to governor,
 All statements are correct. who shall, in turn, place them before
the state legislature (Article 151).
The duties and functions of the CAG
 He ascertains and certifies the net
 He audits the accounts related to all proceeds of any tax or duty (Article 279).
expenditure from the Consolidated Fund His certificate is final. The ‘net proceeds’
of India, consolidated fund of each state means the proceeds of a tax or a duty
and consolidated fund of each union minus the cost of collection.
territory having a Legislative Assembly.  He acts as a guide, friend and philosopher
 He audits all expenditure from the of the Public Accounts Committee of the
Contingency Fund of India and the Public Parliament.
Account of India as well as the contingency  He compiles and maintains the accounts
fund of each state and the public account of state governments. In 1976, he was
of each state. relieved of his responsibilities with regard
to the compilation and maintenance of
 He audits all trading, manufacturing,
accounts of the Central Government due
proÞt and loss accounts, balance to the separation of accounts from audit,
sheets and other subsidiary accounts that is, departmentalization of accounts.
kept by any department of the Central
Government and state governments.  He audits the accounts of Panchayati
Raj Institutions and Urban Local
 He audits the receipts and expenditure of Bodies but with the permission of
the Centre and each state to satisfy himself the State government.
that the rules and procedures in that
Topic: CAG
behalf are designed to secure an effective
check on the assessment, collection and Subtopic: Duties and functions of the
proper allocation of revenue. CAG
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 6
13. Correct Option: (c) Joint sitting of Parliament
Explanation:  As per Article 108 of Constitution, a Joint

session of Parliament can be summoned
 Statement 1 is correct: It means the in the following situations:
situation in which all the citizens as well
as the state are ruled by the law.  If after a Bill has been passed by one House
and transmitted to the other House:
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Equality
 Bill is rejected by the other House; or
before the Law is an element of the Rule
of Law. Equal opportunity before law is  Houses have finally disagreed as to the
the element of Distributive justice. amendments to be made in the Bill;
 Statement 3 is correct: The primacy of  More than six months elapse from the
the rights of the individual is not above date of the reception of the Bill by the
the Constitution unlike the British system other House without the Bill being passed
wherein, the Constitution is the result of by it. However, in calculating period of
the rights of the individuals. six months, those days are not considered
when house is prorogued or adjourned for
Topic: Salient Features of the more than 4 consecutive days.
Constitution
 In the above three situations, the
Sub-topic: Rule of Law president can summon both the Houses
to meet in a joint sitting for the purpose
of deliberating and voting on the bill.
14. Correct Option: (c)
Who preside the Joint sitting?
Explanation:
 The Speaker of Lok Sabha presides over
 Both statements are correct a joint sitting of the two Houses and the
Basic Structure of the Indian Deputy Speaker, in his absence.
Constitution  If the Deputy Speaker is also absent from
 In 1973, the Supreme Court gave a a joint sitting, the Deputy Chairman of
Rajya Sabha presides. If he is also absent,
decision that has become very important
such other person as may be determined
in regulating the relations between the
by the members present at the joint
Parliament and the Judiciary since then.
sitting, presides over the meeting.
This case is famous as the Kesavananda
Bharati case. In this case, the Court  Chairman of Rajya Sabha does not
ruled that there is a basic structure preside over a joint sitting as he
of the Constitution. is not a member of either House of
Parliament.
 It has set speciÞc limits to the
Parliament’s power to amend the Conduct of business:
Constitution.  The joint sitting is governed by the Rules
 Nobody, not even the Parliament of Procedure of Lok Sabha and not of
Rajya Sabha.
(through amendment) can violate the
basic structure.  The quorum to constitute a joint sitting is
one-tenth of the total number of members
Topic: Indian Constitution
of the two Houses.
Subtopic: Basic Structure of the Indian  The bills are passed by simple majority of
Constitution total members present and voting. In such
case bill shall be considered as deemed to
15. Correct Option: (a) have been passed by both the houses of
parliament.
Explanation:
 However, in case of joint sitting of house,
 Statement 3 is in correct: Chairman of new amendments cannot be proposed
Rajya Sabha does not preside over a joint in the bill except those which has been
sitting as he is not a member of either agreed by one house and refused by
House of Parliament. another. Only those amendments can be
7
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
proposed to house which are relevant to struck down by the court if it is based
the matter of disagreement. The decision on irrelevant or extraneous grounds
of presiding officer shall be final in respect or if it was found to be malaÞde or
of admissibility of amendments. perverse.
Exception to joint sittings:  Burden lies on the Centre to prove that
relevant material exist to justify the
 Provision of joint sitting is applicable
imposition of the President’s Rule.
to ordinary bills or financial bills only
and not to money bills or Constitutional  The court cannot go into the correctness
amendment bills. of the material or its adequacy but it can
see whether it is relevant to the action.
Topic: Indian Parliament
 If the court holds the presidential
Subtopic: Joint sitting of Parliament proclamation to be unconstitutional
and invalid, it has power to restore
16. Correct Option: (b) the dismissed state government and
revive the state legislative assembly
Explanation if it was suspended or dissolved.
 Statement 1 is incorrect: President  The state legislative assembly should be
can either suspend or dissolve the state dissolved only after the Parliament has
legislative assembly. approved the presidential proclamation.
President’s rule and Judicial Review Until such approval is given, the
president can only suspend the assembly.
 When the President’s Rule is imposed
In case the Parliament fails to approve
in a state, the President dismisses the
the proclamation, the assembly would get
state council of ministers headed by the reactivated.
chief minister. The state governor, on
behalf of the President, carries on the  Secularism is one of the ‘basic features’
state administration with the help of the of the Constitution. Hence, a state
chief secretary of the state or the advisors government pursuing anti-secular politics
appointed by the President. is liable to action under Article 356.
 Further, the President either  The question of the state government

suspends or dissolves the state losing the confidence of the legislative
legislative assembly. assembly should be decided on the floor
of the House and until that is done the
 The 38th Amendment Act of 1975 made the ministry should not be unseated.
satisfaction of the President in invoking
Article 356 final and conclusive which  Where a new political party assumes
could not be challenged in any court on power at the Centre, it will not have the
any ground. But, this provision was authority to dismiss ministries formed by
subsequently deleted by the 44th other parties in the states.
Amendment Act of 1978 implying  The power under Article 356 is an
that the satisfaction of the President exceptional power and should be used only
is not beyond judicial review. occasionally to meet the requirements of
S. R Bommai case (1994) special situations.
 In S. R Bommai case (1994), the following Topic: Indian Judiciary

propositions have been laid down by Subtopic: President’s rule and Judicial
the Supreme Court on imposition of Review
President’s Rule in a state under Article
356:
 The presidential proclamation imposing
President’s Rule is subject to judicial Explanation:
review.  Statement 3 is incorrect: The
 The satisfaction of the President representatives of princely states were to
must be based on relevant material. be nominated by the heads of the princely
The action of the President can be states.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 8
Constituent Assembly Right to Education
 The Constituent Assembly was  Before the 86th Constitutional
constituted in November 1946 under Amendment Act of 2002, the
the scheme formulated by the Cabinet Constitution contained a provision
Mission Plan. for free and compulsory education
 The total strength of the Constituent for children under Article 45 in Part
Assembly was to be 389. Of these, 296 IV of DPSP.
seats were to be allotted to British India  Article 21 A declares that the State shall
and 93 seats to the Princely States. Out
provide free and compulsory education to
of 296 seats allotted to the British India,
all children of the age of six to fourteen
292 members were to be drawn from the
years in such a manner as the State
eleven governors’ provinces and four from
the four chief commissioners’ provinces, may determine. Thus, this provision
one from each. makes only elementary education a
Fundamental Right and not higher or
 Each province and princely state (or professional education. This provision
group of states in case of small States) was added by the 86th Constitutional
were to be allotted seats in proportion to
Amendment Act of 2002.This amendment
their respective population. Roughly, one
is a major milestone in the country’s
seat was to be allotted for every million
aim to achieve ‘Education for All’. The
population.
government described this step as ‘the
 Seats allocated to each British province dawn of the second revolution in the
were to be divided among the three chapter of citizens’ rights’.
principal communities—Muslims, Sikhs
and general (all except Muslims and  It also added a new fundamental
Sikhs), in proportion to their population. duty under Article 51A that reads
—‘It shall be the duty of every citizen
 The representatives of each
of India to provide opportunities
community were to be elected by
for education to his child or ward
members of that community in the
provincial legislative assembly and between the age of six and fourteen
voting was to be by the method of years’.
proportional representation by F.R. available to both citizens and
means of single transferable vote. foreigners except enemy aliens:
 The representatives of princely  Article 14-Right to equality before law
states were nominated by the heads
and equal protection of laws.
of the princely states.
 Article 20-Right to protection in respect of
 According to the Indian Independence
conviction for offences.
Act of 1947 the assembly was made
a fully sovereign body, which could  Article 21-Right to protection of life and
frame any Constitution it pleased. personal liberty.
The act empowered the Assembly to
abrogate or alter any law made by  Article 21A-Right to elementary
the British Parliament in relation to education
India.  Article 22-Right to protection against
Topic: Constituent Assembly arrest and detention in certain cases.
Subtopic: Function of Constituent  Article 23-Prohibition of traffic in human

Assembly beings and forced labor.
 Article 24-Prohibition of employment of
18. Correct Option: (d) children in factories etc.
Explanation:  Article 25-Right to freedom of conscience

and free profession, practice and
 Statement 1 is incorrect: DPSPs
propagation of religion.
and Fundamental Duties also have
provisions regarding free and compulsory  Article 26-Right to freedom to manage
education. religious affairs.
9
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
 Article 27-Right to freedom from payment 20. Correct Option: (a)
of taxes for promotion of any religion.
Explanation:
 Article 28-Right to freedom from attending
 Option (a) is correct.
religious instruction or worship in certain
educational institutions. Part 1 of the Constitution
 Himachal Pradesh: In 1971, the union
19. Correct Option: (c) territory of Himachal Pradesh was
Explanation: elevated to the status of a state (18th
state of the Indian Union).
 Statement 1 is incorrect: Equality
before Law’ is the negative concept  Manipur and Tripura: In 1972,
whereas; ‘Equal Protection of Law’ is the political map of Northeast India
positive concept. underwent a major change. Thus, the two
Union Territories of Manipur and Tripura
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Both are came into being. With this, the number of
available to the citizens as well as states of the Indian Union increased with
foreigners. Manipur 19th and Tripura 20th.
Equality before Law:  Goa: India acquired the territory from
 This concept is of British origin. It the Portuguese by means of a police action
connotes: in 1961. This was constituted as a union
territory by the 12th Constitutional
 The absence of any special privileges in
Amendment Act, 1961 Later, in 1987,
favour of any person.
Goa was conferred a statehood.
 The equal subjection of all persons to the
 Arunachal Pradesh had also been a union
ordinary law of the land administered by
territory from 1972.
ordinary law courts.
Sikkim
 No person (whether rich or poor, high or
low, official or non-official) is above the  Till 1947, Sikkim was an Indian
law. princely state ruled by Chogyal.
In 1947, after the lapse of British
Equal Protection of Laws:
paramountacy, Sikkim became a
 It has been taken from the American ‘protectorate’ of India, whereby
Constitution. It connotes: the Indian Government assumed
responsibility for the defense,
 The equality of treatment under equal
external affairs and communications
circumstances, both in the privileges
of Sikkim.
conferred and liabilities imposed by the
laws.  In 1974, Sikkim expressed its desire
 The similar application of the same laws for greater association with India.
to all persons who are similarly situated. Accordingly, the 35 the Constitutional
Amendment Act (1974) was enacted
 The likes should be treated alike without by the parliament. This amendment
any discrimination. introduced a new class of statehood under
 Thus, the former is a negative concept the constitution by conferring on Sikkim
while the latter is a positive concept. the status of an ‘associate state’ of the
However, both of them aim at establishing Indian Union.
equality of legal status, opportunity and  The 36th Constitutional Amendment
justice. Act (1975) was enacted to make Sikkim
 Article 14 is available to both citizens a full-fledged state of the Indian Union
& foreigners within the territory of (the 22nd state).
India. Topic: Union Territories
Topic: Fundamental Rights Subtopic: Formation of Union
Subtopic: Equality before Law Territories
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 10
21. Correct Option: (b) 22. Correct Option: (c)
Explanation: Explanation:
 Statement 2 is incorrect: A state  Statement 2 is incorrect: At present,
having a population not exceeding 20 the committee consists of 22 members
lakh may not constitute Panchayats at (15 from Lok Sabha and 7 from Rajya
the intermediate level. Sabha).
73rd Constitutional Amendment Act Public Account Committee
 The 73rd Constitutional Amendment  The Public Account Committee
Act has added a new Part-IX to the was set up Þrst in 1921 under the
Constitution of India. This part is entitled provisions of the government of
as ‘The Panchayats’ and consists of
India Act of 1919 and has since been
provisions from Articles 243 to 243 O.
in existence.
 The act provides for a three-tier
 At present, the committee consists of
system of Panchayati Raj in every
22 members (15 from Lok Sabha and
state, that is, Panchayats at the
7 from Rajya Sabha).
village, intermediate, and district
levels.  The members are elected by the
 A state having a population not parliament every year from amongst its
exceeding 20 lakh may not constitute members according to the principle of
Panchayats at the intermediate proportional representation by means of
level. single transferable vote. Thus all parties
get due representation in it
 The act has also added a new Eleventh
Schedule to the Constitution. This  The chairman of the committee is
schedule contains 29 functional items of appointed by the speaker from amongst
the Panchayats. It deals with Article its members. Until 1966-67, the chairman
243-G.The act gives a constitutional of the committee belonged to the ruling
status to the Panchayati raj institutions. party. However, since 1967 a convention
 The act provides for a Gram Sabha, a has developed whereby the chairman of
body consisting of persons registered in the committee is selected invariably
the electoral rolls of a village comprised from the opposition.
within the area of Panchayat at the village  The function of the committee is to
level. It is a body consisting of persons examine the annual audit reports of the
registered in the electoral rolls of a village comptroller and auditor general of India.
comprised within the area of Panchayat
at the village level. Thus, it is a village Topic: Public Account Committee
assembly consisting of all the registered
Subtopic: Function of Public Account
voters in the area of a panchayat.
Committee
 It may exercise such powers and perform
such functions at the village level as the
legislature of a state determines. 23. Correct Option: (b)
 All the members of Panchayats at Explanation:
the village, intermediate and district  Statement 1 is incorrect: ECI
levels shall be elected directly by determines on the basis of the support
the people. Further, the chairperson of a majority of members, first in the
of Panchayats at the intermediate and party’s organisational wings, then in the
district levels shall be elected indirectly- legislative wings (MPs/MLAs).
by and from amongst the elected members
thereof. However, the chairperson of Split
a panchayat at the village level shall
 Party symbols fall under the Election
be elected in such manner as the state
Symbols (Reservation and Allotment)
legislature determines.
Order, 1968, which aims to “to provide
Topic: Constitutional Amendment Act for specification, reservation, choice
Subtopic: 73rd Constitutional Amendment and allotment of symbols at elections
Act in Parliamentary and Assembly
11
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
Constituencies, for the recognition of 15% of the total strength of the Lok
political parties in relation thereto and for Sabha.
matters connected therewith”. The order
 Article 75 of the Indian Constitution
grants the ECI the authority to recognise
provided that the Prime Minister shall
and allot party symbols.
be appointed by the president and other
 Disputes over party symbols fall under ministers shall be appointed by the
the purview of Paragraph 15 of the Order. president on the advice of the Prime
Paragraph 15 has legal validity, having Minister.
been upheld by the Supreme Court in
 A Minister can be member of the either
1971 in the Sadiq Ali and another vs. ECI
house of the Parliament, if he is not a
case.
member of the Parliament (either house)
 In almost all disputes decided by the EC for any period of six consecutive months,
so far, a clear majority of party delegates/ he/she shall cease to be a minister.
office bearers, MPs and MLAs have
 Union ministers can attend meetings of
supported one of the factions.
either house of the Parliament even if he/
 Whenever the ECI could not she is not member of that house and can
test the strength of rival groups answer Questions.
based on support within the party
 The ministers shall hold office during the
organisation, it fell back on testing
pleasure of the President
the majority only among elected MPs
and MLAs.  The Council of ministers shall be
collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
 If the ECI determines that a faction
clearly commands the support of a Topic: Union Minister
majority of members in the party’s
Subtopic: Appointment of Union
organisational and legislative wings,
Minister
it may settle the dispute by giving the
faction with the most support the right
to the party’s symbol. The losing faction, 25. Correct Option: (d)
meanwhile, may be asked to form a
Explanation:
separate political party.
 All statements are correct.
 In case the ECI finds that there exists
no clear majoritarian support for either Universal Declaration of Human Rights
faction, it may freeze the party’s symbol
 Universal declaration of Human Rights
and allow the two factions to register
was adopted by the United Nation
themselves with new party names or add
General Assembly in at its third session
prefixes and suffixes to the existing party
on 10 December 1948.
name to make clear distinctions about the
new entities that are formed.  The declaration consists of 30 articles
affirming individual’s rights such as
Topic: Political parties
right to life, liberty, equality, dignity
Subtopic: Split and brotherhood.
 Declarations are non-binding on member
24. Correct Option: (d) countries, that is, they can voluntary take
up measures to fulfil rights of citizens
Explanation: under the declaration.
 Statement 1 is incorrect: 91st
Topic: Human Rights
Amendment Act of 2003 limited the
strength of council of ministers to 15% of Subtopic: Universal Declaration of
the total strength of Lok Sabha. Human Rights
Appointment of Union Minister
26. Correct Option: (a)
 91st Amendment Act of 2003 provided
that the total number of ministers, Explanation:
including the Prime Minister, in the
 Statement 3 is incorrect: The Leader
council of ministers shall not Exceed
of the largest Opposition Party having
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 12
not less than one- tenth seats of the total Sabha from a particular state should
strength of the House is recognized as the be an elector in that particular
leader of the Opposition in that House. state was dispensed with in 2003.
In 2006, the Supreme Court upheld
Leader of opposition in Lok Sabha
the constitutional validity of this
 The leader of opposition in the Lok sabha change.
and Rajya Sabha were accorded statutory
Topic: Rajya Sabha
recognition in 1977. They are entitled to
the salary, allowances and other facilities Subtopic: Function of Rajya Sabha
equivalent to that of a cabinet minister
 In each house of the Parliament, there is 28. Correct Option: (c)
the ‘Leader of the opposition’. The Leader
of the largest Opposition Party having Explanation:
not less than one-tenth seats of the total  Statement 2 is incorrect: Even Article
strength of the House is recognized as the 352 only defines the cabinet but does not
leader of the Opposition in that House. describe its powers and functions.
 In the parliamentary system of the  Statement 3 is incorrect: The advice of
government, the leader of the opposition the Cabinet is binding on the President.
has significant role to play. His main
functions are to provide a constructive Cabinet
criticism of the policies of the  Cabinet is smaller body consisting of 15
government and to provide an alternative to 20 ministers. It includes the cabinet
government. ministers only. Thus, it is a part of the
Topic: Leader of opposition council of ministers.
Sub-topic: Leader of opposition in Lok  The council of ministers is vested with

Sabha all powers but in theory. The cabinet
exercises, in practice, the powers of the
council of ministers and thus, acts for the
27. Correct Option: (c) latter.
Explanation:  Originally it was not mentioned in the
 Statement 2 is incorrect: A person original constitution. Now also, Article
must not be less than 30 years of age 352 only defines the cabinet saying that
in the case of Rajya Sabha to become its it is ‘the council consisting of the prime
members. minister and other ministers of cabinet
rank appointed under Article 75’ and does
Rajya Sabha
not describe its powers and functions.
 The maximum strength of the Rajya
 It is the supreme executive authority of the
Sabha is fixed at 250, out of which, 238 are
to be the representatives of the states and Central government. It is an advisory
union territories and 12 are nominated by body to the president and its advice
the President. The seats are allotted to is binding on him.
the states in the Rajya Sabha on the Topic: Cabinet
basis of the Population.
Subtopic: Function of Cabinet
 A person must not be less than thirty
years of age in the case of Rajya
Sabha to become its members. 29. Correct Option: (c)
 According to Representation of People Act, Explanation:
a person must be a registered elector for  Both statements are correct
a parliamentary constituency to become
a Member of Parliament. This is same in District Judge
the case of both, the Rajya Sabha and the  The District judge is the highest Authority
Lok Sabha.
in the District. He possesses original
 The requirement that a candidate and appellate jurisdiction in both
contesting an election to the Rajya civil as well as criminal matters.
13
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
 The district Judge has supervisory power 31. Correct Option: (d)
over all the subordinate courts in the
Explanation:
district. Appeals against his order and
judgments lie to the High Court.  Statement 2 is incorrect: Unlike
Britain, Parliament is not a sovereign
 The Judge has power to impose any body in India.
sentences including life imprisonment
Feature of Indian Constitution
and capital punishment. However, a
capital Punishment passed by him is  There is the provision of Parliamentary
subject to conÞrmation by the high form of government in India similarly as
court, whether there is an appeal or it has in United Kingdom. But, unlike in
Britain, Parliament is not a sovereign
not.
in India. The Constitution is the supreme
Topic: Indian Judiciary law in India.
Subtopic: District Judge  All the other items listed on the options are
the key features of Indian Constitution.
30. Correct Option: (b) Topic: Indian Constitution

Subtopic: Feature of Indian Constitution
Explanation:
 Statement 1 is incorrect: The people of
India play a direct role in electing their
representatives. Explanation
Universal Adult Suffrage  Option (c) is correct

Right against Exploitation
 Article 326 of the Constitution provides
that the elections to the House of the  The Constitution of India has special
People and to the Legislative Assembly of provision mentioned right under the
every State shall be on the basis of adult columns of Fundamental Rights to prevent
suffrage, that is to say, a person should and prohibit all of the items mentioned
above in the question.
not be less than 21 years of age.
 The fundamental right which deal with
 Every citizen of the nation, irrespective
the same is known as “Right against
of his/her social/education/gender Exploitation”. Through this Right, the
background can contest in elections. Constitution of India prohibits human
 These are the inherit characteristics of trafficking, forced labour as well as Child
labour which mean children who are
the Universal Adult Suffrage.
working under 14 years of age.
 Elected representative are accountable to
Topic: Fundamental Rights
the people of the country. It is the features
of democratic form of governance. Subtopic: Right against Exploitation
 The Constitution of India guarantees to

all of its citizens the provision of Universal 33. Correct Option: (b)
Adult Suffrage. Explanation
 That means that the people of India not  Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: Article
only play a direct role in electing their 39 is about providing opportunities for
representatives by practicing the concept healthy development of children.
of Universal Adult Franchise but also  Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Article
every citizen of the nation, irrespective 42 is about making provision for just and
of his/her social/educational/gender humane conditions of work and maternity
background can contest in elections. relief
Topic: Democratic Government List of DPSPs under Indian Constitution

 Article 36: Defines State as same as
Subtopic: Universal Adult Suffrage
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 14
Article 12 unless the context otherwise 34. Correct Option: (c)
defines.
Explanation
 Article 37: Application of the Principles
contained in this part.
Majority
 Article 38: It authorizes the state to
secure a social order for the promotion of  The provisions which can be amended by
the welfare of people. special majority include (i) Fundamental
Rights; (ii) Directive Principles
 Article 39: opportunities for healthy of State Policy; and (iii) All other
development of children provisions which are not covered by the
 Article 39A: Equal justice and free legal simple majority and Special majority and
consent of states.
aid.
 Those provisions of the Constitution
 Article 40: Organization of village
which are related to the federal structure
panchayats.
of the polity can be amended by a special
 Article 41: Right to work, to education majority of the Parliament and also with
and to public assistance in certain cases. the consent of half of the state legislatures
by a simple majority.
 Article 42: Provision for just and humane
conditions of work and maternity leaves.  The following provisions can be amended
in this way:
 Article 43: Living wage etc. for workers.
 Election of the President and its
 Article 43-A: Participation of workers in manner.
management of industries.
 Extent of the executive power of the
 Article 43-B: Promotion of cooperative Union and the states.
societies.  Supreme Court and high courts.
 Article 44: Uniform civil code for the  Distribution of legislative powers
citizens. between the Union and the states.
 Article 45: Provision for early childhood  Any of the lists in the Seventh
care and education to children below the Schedule.
age of six years.
 Representation of states in
 Article 46: Promotion of education and Parliament.
economic interests of SC, ST, and other  Power of Parliament to amend the
weaker sections. Article 47: Duty of the Constitution and its procedure
state to raise the level of nutrition and (Article 368 itself).
the standard of living and to improve
public health. Article 48: Organization of Admission or establishment of new
agriculture and animal husbandry. states require simple majority.
 Article 48-A: Protection and improvement Topic:
of environment and safeguarding of
Subtopic:
forests and wildlife.
 Article 49: Protection of monuments
and places and objects of national
importance. Explanation:
 Article 50: Separation of judiciary from  Statement 1 is incorrect: Article 262

the executive. mandates that the Parliament may by
law provide tribunals for the adjudication
 Article 51: Promotion of international of any such disputes
peace and security.
Inter-State water disputes
Topic: Indian Constitution
 The Constitution does not provide for
Subtopic: DPSP the formation of special tribunals for the
15
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
adjudication of inter-state water disputes.  if he votes or abstains from voting in the
Rather Article 262 of the Constitution House contrary to any direction given by
provides for the adjudication of inter-state his political party;
water disputes. It makes two provisions:
 if any independently elected member joins
 Parliament may by law provide for the any political party; and
adjudication of any dispute or complaint
 If any nominated member joins any
with respect to the use, distribution and
control of waters of any inter-state river political party after the expiry of six
and river valley. months.
 Parliament may also provide that neither  The question of disqualification under
the Supreme Court nor any other court is the Tenth Schedule is decided by the
to exercise jurisdiction in respect of any Chairman in the case of Rajya Sabha and
such dispute or complaint. Speaker in the case of Lok Sabha (and not
by the president of India). In 1992, the
 Under this provision, the Parliament has
Supreme Court ruled that the decision of
enacted two laws i.e. the River Boards Act
the Chairman/Speaker in this regard is
(1956) and the Inter-State Water Disputes
subject to judicial review.
Act (1956).
 The Inter-State Water Disputes Act Topic: 10th Schedule
empowers the Central government to set Subtopic: DisqualiÞcation on the Ground
up an ad hoc tribunal for the adjudication of Defection
of a dispute between two or more states
in relation to the waters of an inter-state
river or river valley. 37. Correct Option: (b)
 The decision of the tribunal would be final Explanation:
and binding on the parties to the dispute.  Statement 1 is incorrect: The
Neither the Supreme Court nor any other
chairperson should be a retired chief
court is to have jurisdiction in respect of
justice of India or a judge of the Supreme
any water dispute which may be referred
Court.
to such a tribunal under this Act.
 Statement 4 is incorrect: It has no
Topic: Inter-State Relations
power to award any relief including
Subtopic: Inter-State water disputes monetary relief to the victim.
National Human Rights Commission
 The chairperson should be a retired chief
Explanation justice of India or a judge of the Supreme
 Statement 3 is incorrect: There is no Court and members should be a serving
such provision in the 10th schedule. or retired judge of the Supreme Court, a
serving or retired chief justice of a high
 Statement 4 is incorrect: If any court and three persons (out of which
nominated member joins any political at least one should be a woman) having
party after the expiry of six months; he
knowledge or practical experience with
is eligible for disqualification under 10th
respect to human rights.
schedule.
 In addition to these full-time members,
DisqualiÞcation on the Ground of
the commission also has seven ex-ofÞcio
Defection
members—members–the chairpersons of
 The Constitution lies down that a person the National Commission for Minorities,
shall be disqualified from being a Member the National Commission for SCs, the
of Parliament if he is so disqualified on the National Commission for STs, the National
ground of defection under the provisions Commission for Women, the National
of the Tenth Schedule. A member incurs Commission for BCs and the National
disqualification under the defection law: Commission for Protection of Child Rights
 if he voluntary gives up the membership and the Chief Commissioner for Persons
of the political party on whose ticket he is with Disabilities. The functions of the
elected to the House; Commission are:
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 16
 To inquire into any violation of human 38. Correct Option: (a)
rights or negligence in the prevention
of such violation by a public servant, Explanation:
either suo-moto or on a petition  Option (a) is correct.
presented to it or on an order of a
court. Finance Commission
 To intervene in any proceeding  The Finance Commission is a

involving allegation of violation of constitutionally mandated body that is at
human rights pending before a court. the centre of fiscal federalism.
 To visit jails and detention places to  Set up under Article 280 of the
study the living conditions of inmates Constitution, its core responsibility is to
and make recommendation thereon. evaluate the state of finances of the Union
and State Governments, recommend
 To review the constitutional and other the sharing of taxes between them, and
legal safeguards for the protection of
lay down the principles determining the
human rights and recommend measures
distribution of these taxes among States.
for their effective implementation.
 Its working is characterised by extensive
 To review the factors including acts of
and intensive consultations with all levels
terrorism that inhibit the enjoyment
of governments, thus strengthening the
of human rights and recommend
principle of cooperative federalism. Its
remedial measures.
recommendations are also geared towards
 To study treaties and other improving the quality of public spending
international instruments on human and promoting fiscal stability.
rights and make recommendations for
 Two distinctive features of the
their effective implementation.
Commission’s work involve redressing the
 To undertake and promote research in vertical imbalances between the taxation
the field of human rights. powers and expenditure responsibilities
 To spread human rights literacy among of the centre and the States respectively
the people and promote awareness and equalization of all public services
of the safeguards available for the across the States.
protection of these rights.  It is the duty of the Commission
 To encourage the efforts of non- (amongst other) to make recommendations
governmental organisations to the President as to the distribution
(NGOs) working in the Þeld of between the Union and the States of
human rights. the net proceeds of taxes which are
to be, or may be, divided between them
 To undertake such other functions
and the allocation between the States
as it may consider necessary for the
of the respective shares of such
promotion of human rights.
proceeds.
 The functions of the commission are
mainly recommendatory in nature. It  For example, Income distance is the
has no power to punish the violators difference between the per capita income
of human rights, or to award any of a state with the average per capita
relief including monetary relief to the income of all states. States with lower
victim. Notably, its recommendations per capita income may be given a higher
are not binding on the concerned share to maintain equity among states.
government or authority. But, it should Topic: Finance Commission
be informed about the action taken
on its recommendations within one Subtopic: Fiscal Federalism
month.
 Topic: National Human Rights 39. Correct Option: (d)
Commission Explanation:
 Subtopic: Functions of NHRC
 All statements are correct
17
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
Union Executive  Similarly, under Article 266 (1) of the
Constitution of India, a Consolidated
 As per Article 74 President is bound by the
Fund of State (a separate fund for each
advice of the council of ministers headed
state) has been established where all
by the Prime Minister. Though he has
revenues (both tax revenues such as Sales
no constitutional discretion, he has some
tax/VAT, stamp duty etc., and non-tax
situational discretion. In other words, the
revenues such as user charges levied by
President can act on his discretion (that
State governments) received by the State
is, without the advice of the ministers)
under the following situations: government as well as all loans raised
by issue of treasury bills, internal and
 Appointment of Prime Minister external loans and all moneys received
when no party has a clear majority by the State Government in repayment of
in the Lok Sabha or when the Prime loans shall form part of the fund.
Minister in ofÞce dies suddenly and
there is no obvious successor.  All the legally authorised payments
on behalf of the Government of India
 Dismissal of the council of ministers are made out of the Consolidated
when it cannot prove the conÞdence Fund of India.
in the Lok Sabha.
 No money can be withdrawn from the
 Dissolution of the Lok Sabha if Consolidated Fund of India without
the council of ministers has lost its the approval of the Parliament.
majority.
 The Comptroller and Auditor General of
Topic: Union Executive India audits these Funds and reports to
Subtopic: Power & Function of Union the Union/State legislatures when proper
Executive accounting procedures have not been
followed.
40. Correct Option: (b) Charged Expenditure:
Explanation:  The budget consists of two types of

expenditure—the expenditure ‘charged’
 Statement 1 is incorrect: No money upon the Consolidated Fund of India
can be withdrawn from the Consolidated and the expenditure ‘made’ from the
Fund of India without the approval of the Consolidated Fund of India.
Parliament.
 The charged expenditure is non-votable
 Statement 2 is incorrect: All the by the Parliament, that is, it can only
legally authorised payments on behalf of be discussed by the Parliament, while
the State Governments are made out of the other type has to be voted by the
the Consolidated Fund of the concerned Parliament.
State.
 The list of the charged expenditure is as
Consolidated Fund of India follows:
 Consolidated Fund of India is the most  Emoluments and allowances of the
important of all government accounts. President and other expenditure relating
 Under Article 266 (1) of the Constitution of to his office.
India, all revenues (example tax revenue  Salaries and allowances of the Chairman
from personal income tax, corporate and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya
income tax, customs and excise duties as Sabha and the Speaker and the Deputy
well as non-tax revenue such as licence Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
fees, dividends and profits from public
sector undertakings etc.) received by the  Salaries, allowances and pensions of the
Union government as well as all loans judges of the Supreme Court.
raised by issue of treasury bills, internal  Pensions of the judges of the high
and external loans and all moneys received courts.
by the Union Government in repayment
of loans shall form a consolidated fund  Salary, allowances and pension of the
entitled the ‘Consolidated Fund of India’ Comptroller and Auditor General of
for the Union Government. India.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 18
 Salaries, allowances and pension of the  In addition to the above constitutional
chairman and members of the Union discretion (i.e., the express discretion
Public Service Commission. mentioned in the Constitution), the
Governor, like the President, also has
 Administrative expenses of the Supreme
situational discretion (i.e., the hidden
Court, the office of the Comptroller and
discretion derived from the exigencies
Auditor General of India and the Union
of a prevailing political situation) in the
Public Service Commission including the
following cases:
salaries, allowances and pensions of the
persons serving in these offices.  Appointment of Chief Minister when no
party has a clear-cut majority in the state
 The debt charges for which the Government
legislative assembly or when the Chief
of India is liable, including interest,
Minister in office dies suddenly and there
sinking fund charges and redemption
is no obvious successor.
charges and other expenditure relating to
the raising of loans and the service and  Dismissal of the Council of Ministers
redemption of debt. when it cannot prove the confidence of the
state legislative assembly. Dissolution
 Any sum required to satisfy any
of the state legislative assembly if
judgement, decree or award of any court
the Council of Ministers has lost its
or arbitral tribunal.
majority.
 Any other expenditure declared by the
Parliament to be so charged. Topic: Governor
Subtopic: Powers of Governor
Topic: Consolidated Fund of India
Subtopic: Function of Consolidated Fund
of India
Explanation:
41. Correct Option: (c)  Statement 1 is incorrect: Under Article
82, the Parliament enacts a Delimitation
Explanation:
Act after every Census.
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Dissolution of
 Statement 2 is incorrect: One member
state legislative assembly if the Council
who shall be a person who is or has been a
of Ministers has lost its majority is the
Judge of the Supreme Court is appointed
situational (and not the constitutional)
by the Central Government who shall be
discretionary power of the Governor.
the Chairperson of the Commission.
Constitutional discretionary powers of
Delimitation Commission
Governors
 Delimitation is the act or process of
 The Governor has Constitutional
fixing limits or boundaries of territorial
discretion in the following cases:
constituencies in a country to represent
 Reservation of a bill for the changes in population.
consideration of the President.
 Under Article 82, the Parliament
 Recommendation for the imposition enacts a Delimitation Act after every
of President’s Rule in the state. Census.
 While exercising his functions as the  Under Article 170, States also get divided
administrator of an adjoining union into territorial constituencies as per
territory. Delimitation Act after every Census.
 Determining the annual amount payable  The Delimitation Commission
by the governor of Assam, Meghalaya, is appointed by the President of India and
Tripura, and Mizoram to an Autonomous works in collaboration with the Election
Tribal District Council as royalty occurring Commission of India.
from licenses for mineral exploration.
Composition:
 Seeking information from the Chief
Minister with regard to the administrative  Retired Supreme Court judge
and legislative matters of state.  Chief Election Commissioner
19
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
 Respective State Election Commissioners have been constituted as autonomous
districts.
 One members, who shall be a person
who is or has been a Judge of the  The governor is empowered to organise
Supreme Court, to be appointed by and re-organise the autonomous districts.
the Central Government who shall be Thus, he can increase or decrease their
the Chairperson of the Commission. areas or change their names or define
their boundaries and so on.
 It works to provide equal representation
to equal segments of a population.  Each autonomous district has a
district council consisting of 30
 It follows the principle of “One Vote One members, of whom four are nominated
Value”. by the governor and the remaining 26 are
 The first delimitation exercise was carried elected on the basis of adult franchise.
out by the President (with the help of the The elected members hold office for a
Election Commission) in 1950-51. term of five years (unless the council
is dissolved earlier) and nominated
 The Delimitation Commission Act was members hold office during the pleasure
enacted in 1952. of the governor.
 Delimitation Commissions have been  The district and regional councils
set up four times — 1952, 1963, 1973 within their territorial jurisdictions
and 2002 under the Acts of 1952, 1962, can constitute village councils or courts
1972 and 2002. for trial of suits and cases between the
 There was no delimitation after the 1981 tribes. They hear appeals from them. The
and 1991 Censuses. jurisdiction of high court over these suits
and cases is specified by the governor.
Topic: Delimitation Commission
 The acts of Parliament or the state
Subtopic: Function of Delimitation legislature do not apply to autonomous
Commission districts and autonomous regions or
apply with speciÞed modiÞcations
and exceptions.
Topic: Autonomous District Councils
Explanation:
Subtopic: Functions of Autonomous
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The governor
District Councils
is empowered to organize and re-organize
the autonomous districts.
 Statement 3 is incorrect: The acts
of Parliament or the state legislature Explanation:
do not apply to autonomous districts  Statement 4 is incorrect: Naturalization
and autonomous regions or apply with is a method of gaining citizenship.
specified modifications and exceptions.
Citizenship
Autonomous District Councils
 Though the Indian Constitution is
 The Constitution, under Sixth Schedule, federal and envisages a dual polity
contains special provisions for the (Centre and states), it provides for only
administration of tribal areas in the a single citizenship, that is, the Indian
four north-eastern states of Assam, citizenship.
Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
 In countries like USA, on the other hand,
 Article 244-the Administration of each person is not only a citizen of USA
Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas but also a citizen of the particular state to
 Article 244A-Formation of an autonomous which he belongs.
state comprising certain tribal areas in  The Constitution deals with the citizenship
Assam and creation of local legislature or from Articles 5 to 11 under Part II.
Council of Ministers or both therefore
 It empowers the Parliament to enact a
 The tribal areas in the four states of law to provide for such matters and any
Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram other matter relating to citizenship.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 20
 The Citizenship Act, 1955, prescribes Topic: Emergency
three ways of losing citizenship whether
Subtopic: Emergency provision
acquired under the Act or prior to it under
the Constitution
 By Renunciation 46. Correct Option: (c)
 By Termination Explanation:
 By Deprivation  Statement 2 is incorrect: The speaker

of Lok Sabha is the ex-officio President of
Topic: Citizenship all the Forums except the Parliamentary
Subtopic: Criteria of Citizenship Forum on Population and Public Health.
Parliamentary Forums
45. Correct Option: (c)  Parliamentary Forums are established in
Explanation: order to provide a platform for interaction
and discussion of critical issues with the
 Statement 4 is incorrect: Fundamental ministers concerned.
rights can become meaningless not
the fundamental duties.  The Þrst Parliamentary Forum on
Water Conservation and Management
Emergency provision
was constituted in the year 2005.
 The emergency provisions are contained Subsequently, seven more Parliamentary
in Part XVIII of the Constitution of India, Forums were constituted.
from Article 352 to 360. These provisions
 The speaker of Lok Sabha is the ex-
enable the Central government to meet
ofÞcio President of all the Forums
any abnormal situation effectively.
except the Parliamentary Forum
 The rationality behind the incorporation on Population and Public Health
is to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, wherein the Chairman of Rajya
integrity and security of the country, Sabha is the ex-ofÞcio President
the democratic political system and the and the Speaker is the ex-ofÞcio Co-
Constitution. President.
 The Constitution stipulates three types of  The Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha,
emergencies - the Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha, the
 National Emergency concerned Ministers, and the Chairman of
department-related Standing Committees
 Constitutional Emergency
are the ex-officio Vice-Presidents of the
 Financial Emergency respective forums.
 Emergency Provisions were criticized on  Each forum consists of not more than
certain grounds as follows: 31 members (excluding the President,
Co-President, and Vice-President)
 The federal character of the constitution
will be destroyed and the union will  The duration of the office of members
become all-powerful of the forum is co-terminus with their
 The powers of the State- both the membership in the respective Houses. A
Union and the Units- will entirely be member may also resign from the forum
concentrated in the hands of the union by writing to the speaker chairman.
executive. Topic: Parliament
 The president will become a Subtopic: Parliamentary Forums
dictator.
The Þnancial autonomy of the state

will be nullified.
Explanation:
 Fundamental rights will become
meaningless and, as a result, the  Statement 1 is incorrect: The right to
democratic foundation of the constitution information is a fundamental right under
will be destroyed. Article 19 (1) of the Indian Constitution.
21
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
 Statement 3 is incorrect: Some  Among other things, any action ‘casting
information that can affect the sovereignty reflections’ on MPs, parliament or its
and the integrity of India is exempted committees; could be considered breach of
from the purview of RTI. privilege.
Right to Information Act  This may include publishing of
news items, editorials or statements
 RTI or Right to Information Act is a
made in newspaper/magazine/TV
fundamental right and is an aspect
interviews or in public speeches.
of Article 19 (1)(a) of the Indian
Constitution.  The house can ensure attendance of the
offending person. The person can be
 The government enacted the Right to
given a warning and let go or be sent to
Information act in 2005 which provides
prison as the case may be. In the case
machinery for exercising this fundamental
of throwing leaßets and chappal,
right.
the offending individuals can be
 All constitutional authorities, agencies, sentenced to simple imprisonment.
owned and controlled, also those
Topic: Parliament
organisations which are substantially
financed by the government comes under Subtopic: Contempt of the House
the purview of the act.
 The citizens can seek any information 49. Correct Option: (d)
from the government authorities
that the government can disclose to Explanation:
the parliament.  Statement 1 is incorrect: The 61st
 Some information that can affect the Amendment Act to the Constitution
sovereignty and the integrity of India is reduced the minimum age for voting from
exempted from the purview of RTI. 21 to 18 years.
 Information relating to internal security,  Statement 2 is incorrect: Exit poll

relations with foreign countries, results could be broadcast only after the
intellectual property rights (IPR), and final phase of the elections was over.
cabinet discussions are exempted from  Statement 3 is incorrect: In 2013, the
RTI. EC decided to expand the ambit of postal
ballot voting in the country.
Topic: Right to Information
Electoral Reforms
Subtopic: Right to Information Act
 Lowering of Voting Age: The
61st Amendment Act to the Constitution
reduced the minimum age for voting from
Explanation: 21 to 18 years.
 Statement 3 is incorrect: In the case  Electronic Voting Machine (EVMs):
of throwing leaflets and chappal, the First introduced in 1998 during the state
offending individuals can be sentenced to elections of Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and
simple imprisonment. Rajasthan, EVMs are used widely now as
they are fool-proof, efficient and a better
Breach of Privilege or Contempt of the
option in terms of the environment.
House
 Ceiling on election expenditure: At
 Parliamentary privilege refers to rights
present, there is no limit on the amount
and immunities enjoyed by Parliament as
a political party can spend in an election
an institution and MPs in their individual
or on a candidate. But, the Commission
capacity, without which they cannot
has put a cap on individual candidates’
discharge their functions as entrusted
spending. For the Lok Sabha elections, it
upon them by the Constitution.
is Rs. 54– 70 lakh (depending on the state
 A breach of privilege is a violation they are contesting the Lok Sabha seat
of any of the privileges of MPs/ from), and Rs. 20 – 28 lakh for an assembly
Parliament. election.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 22
 Restriction on exit polls: The EC issued ministers) resigns or is replaced, as he is
a statement before the 2019 Lok Sabha appointed on its advice.
elections saying that exit poll results could
 In the performance of his official duties,
be broadcast only after the final phase of
the advocate general is entitled to appear
the elections were over. This was done to
before any court of law within the state.
avoid prospective voters being misguided
or prejudiced in any manner.  Further, he has the right to speak and
to take part in the proceedings of both
 Voting through postal ballot: In 2013,
the Houses of the state legislature or
the EC decided to expand the ambit
any committee of the state legislature
of postal ballot voting in the country.
of which he may be named a member,
Previously, only Indian staff in missions
but without a right to vote. He enjoys
abroad and defence personnel in a limited
all the privileges and immunities that
way, could vote via postal ballots. Now,
are available to a member of the state
there are 6 categories of voters who
legislature.
can use the postal ballot: service
voters; special voters; wives of service Topic: Advocate General of a State
voters and special voters; voters
Subtopic: Function of Advocate General
subjected to preventive detention;
of a State
voters on election duty and NotiÞed
voters.
Topic: Election Commission of India
Explanation:
Subtopic: Electoral Reforms
 Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: The
decision of compensation on acquisition of
50. Correct Option: (c) individual property to be decided by the
Explanation: government was done through 25th CAA.
 Statement 1 is incorrect: She/he Key Amendments
holds office during the pleasure of the
 103rd CAA, 2019, inserted article 15(6)
governor.
and article 16(6) and provided for 10
 Statement 2 is incorrect: A person per cent reservation to the economically
must have held a judicial office for ten weaker section of the society among the
years or been an advocate of a high court general category.
for ten years.
 24th CAA 1971, Parliament reversed
Advocate General of a State the decision of the Supreme Court
in Golaknath case, and held that,
 The advocate general is appointed by
Parliament can amend any provision
the governor. He must be a person who
of the Constitution including
is qualified to be appointed a judge of a
fundamental rights.
high court. In other words, he must be a
citizen of India and must have held a  44th CAA, 1978, right to property was
judicial ofÞce for ten years or been repealed from the chapter fundamental
an advocate of a high court for ten rights (article 19 (1) (f)) and article 31,
years. and incorporated into article 300 A under
the chapter, Property, Contract and Suit.
 The term of office of the advocate general
is not fixed by the Constitution. Further,  26th CAA, 1971, abolished the right to
the Constitution does not contain the Privy Purse of the princely states.
procedure and grounds for his removal.
Topic: Amendments
He holds ofÞce during the pleasure
of the governor. Subtopic: Key amendments
 This means that he may be removed by
the governor at any time. He may also quit 52. Correct Option: (a)
his office by submitting his resignation
Explanation:
to the governor. Conventionally, he
resigns when the government (council of  Option (a) is correct
23
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
Halwa Ceremony  Statement 3 is incorrect: India has
signed the UNCAT in 1997 but has not
 The Halwa ceremony, marking the final
ratified it.
stage of the Budget making process
for Union Budget 2021-22, was held in Custodial Violence
North Block here today afternoon in the
presence of Union Finance & Corporate  The recent death of a father-son duo from
Affairs Minister. Tamil Nadu, allegedly due to custodial
violence, has sparked anger across India.
 A customary Halwa ceremony is performed
every year before the “lock-in” process of  Custodial violence primarily refers to
Budget preparation begins. violence in police custody and judicial
custody. Besides death, rape and torture
 The “lock-in” which follows the ‘halwa
are two other forms of custodial violence.
ceremony’ is observed to maintain
However, the term custodial violence
the secrecy of the Budget preparation
has not been deÞned under any law.
process.
 After Halwa is served, the officials and  The right to counsel is also a fundamental
support staff, who are directly associated right under Article 22(1) of the India
with the Budget making and printing constitution.
process, are required to stay in the Budget  India does not have an anti-torture
Press (situated inside North Block) and legislation and is yet to criminalize
remain cut off from their families until custodial violence.
the presentation of the Union Budget in
the Lok Sabha.  Although India has signed the United
Nations Convention against Torture
 In an unprecedented initiative, Union
(UNCAT) in 1997 its ratiÞcation
Budget 2021-22 will be delivered in
still remains. UNCAT aims to prevent
paperless form for the first time. The
torture and other acts of cruel, inhumane
Union Budget 2021-22 is to be presented
or degrading treatment or punishment
on 1st February, 2021.
around the world.
 On the occasion, Finance Minister also
launched the “Union Budget Mobile App” Topic: Indian Judiciary
for hassle-free access of Budget documents Subtopic: Custodial Violence
by Members of Parliament (MPs) and the
general public using the simplest form
of digital convenience. The mobile App 54. Correct option: (c)
facilitates complete access to 14 Union
Explanation:
Budget documents, including the Annual
Financial Statement (commonly known  Statement 2 is incorrect: There are
as Budget), Demand for Grants (DG), no written rules on the recusal of judges
Finance Bill etc. as prescribed by the from hearing cases listed before them
Constitution. in constitutional courts. It is left to the
Topic: Union Budget discretion of a judge.
Subtopic: Halwa Ceremony Recusal of Judges

 Andhra High Court rejects plea for recusal
53. Correct Option: (b) of judge from hearing petitions filed
against the proposed sale of government
Explanation: land in Guntur and Visakhapatnam
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Protection districts under “Mission Build A.P.”
from torture is a fundamental right  Recusal is the removal of oneself as a
enshrined under Article 21 (Right of
judge or policymaker in a particular
Life) of the Indian constitution where
matter, especially because of a conflict of
rights such as Right to free legal aid,
interest.
Right against inhuman treatment, Right
against custodial harassment, Right of  Recusal usually takes place when a judge
prisoner to have necessities of life have has a conflict of interest or has a prior
been mentioned. association with the parties in the case.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 24
Grounds for Recusal  It can be regulated ie, curtailed, abridged
or modified without constitutional
 The judge is biased in favour of one party,
amendment by an ordinary law of the
or against another, or that a reasonable
Parliament.
objective observer would think he might
be.  It protects private property against
executive action but not against legislative
 Interest in the subject matter, or action.
relationship with someone who is
interested in it.  In case of violation, the aggrieved person
cannot directly move the Supreme Court
 Background or experience, such as the under Article 32 (right to constitutional
judge’s prior work as a lawyer. remedies including writs) for its
 Personal knowledge about the parties or enforcement. He can move the High Court
the facts of the case. under Article 226.
 Ex parte communications with lawyers or  No guaranteed right to compensation in

non-lawyers. case of acquisition or requisition of the
private property by the state.
 Rulings, comments or conduct.
Topic: Fundamental Rights
 There are no written rules on the recusal
of judges from hearing cases listed before Sub-topic: Right to property
them in constitutional courts. It is left to
the discretion of a judge. 56. Correct Option: (c)
Topic: Indian Judiciary Explanation:
Subtopic: Recusal of Judges  Statement 3 is incorrect: Such a
committee can be formed in both houses.
In both the Houses, the committee consists
55. Correct Option: (c) of 15 members.
Explanation:
Delegated legislation
 Option (c) is correct.
 The Parliament makes laws in
Right to property a skeleton form and authorizes
the Executive to make detailed
 Originally, the right to property was one rules and regulations within the
of the seven fundamental rights under framework of the parent law. This
Part III of the Constitution. is known as delegated legislation or
 Due to multiple conflicts between the executive legislation or subordinate
Parliament and the Judiciary, the 44th legislation. Such rules and regulations
Amendment Act of 1978 abolished the are placed before the Parliament for its
right to property as a Fundamental Right examination.
by repealing Article 19(1) (f) and Article  The growth of ‘delegated legislation’
31 from Part III. Instead, the Act inserted has reduced the role of Parliament
a new Article 300A in Part XII under the in making detailed laws and
heading ‘Right to Property’. has increased the powers of
bureaucracy.
 It provides that no person shall be
deprived of his property except by  Legislation is an inherent and inalienable
authority of law. Thus, the right to right of Parliament and it has to be
property still remains a legal right seen that this power is not usurped nor
or a constitutional right, though no transgressed under the guise of what is
longer a fundamental right. It is not called subordinate legislation.
a part of the basic structure of the  Committee on Subordinate
Constitution. Legislation examines if the powers
 The right to property as a legal right (as conferred by the Constitution or
distinct from the Fundamental Rights) delegated under an Act passed by the
has the following implications: legislature have been duly exercised
25
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
and are within the conferment or  For this purpose, each municipal area shall
delegation, and not beyond. be divided into territorial constituencies
to be known as wards.
 It has to see that delegated legislation does
not transgress into areas not prescribed  The state legislature may provide the
for it, and also that it does not venture to manner of election of the chairperson
intrude into the sphere which is the sole of a municipality.
concern of the legislature itself.
Topic: Elections
 In both the Houses, the committee consists
Subtopic: Local-Self Government
of 15 members.
Topic: Legislation
58. Correct Option: (d)
Subtopic: Delegated legislation
Explanation:
 Statement 1 is incorrect: The Union
Cabinet in 2016, decided to provide for
Explanation: adequate funds for meeting the recurring
and non-recurring expenses of the GST
 Statement 1 is incorrect: The
Council Secretariat, which shall be borne
Constitution authorizes the state
by the Central Government
legislature to provide for the manner
of election of a chairperson of a  Statement 2 is incorrect: One half of
municipality. the total number of members of the GST
Council shall constitute the quorum at its
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The term of a
meeting.
Mayor is also decided by state legislature
and is thus different in different states. GST Council
Elections to Local-Self Government  The Constitution (One Hundred and First
Amendment) Act, 2016 provides that
 Tamil Nadu Governor recently
every decision of the GST Council shall be
promulgated an ordinance for holding
taken at its meeting by a majority of not
indirect elections to the post of mayors
less than 3/4th of the weighted votes of
and chairpersons of municipalities in the
the Members present and voting. The vote
state.
of the Central Government shall have a
 Thus the AIADMK government led by weightage of 1/3rd of the votes cast and
chief minister E.K. Palaniswami did the votes of all the State Governments
away with its own law enacted in 2018 taken together shall have a weightage
and went back to former chief minister J of 2/3rd of the total votes cast in that
Jayalalithaa’s plan of indirect elections. meeting.
 Besides 528 town panchayats, the order  One half of the total number of
will be applied to 15 corporations and 121 members of the GST Council
municipalities. shall constitute the quorum at its
 As per the ordinance, the Mayor shall meeting.
hold ofÞce for a period of Þve years  In 2016, the Union Cabinet under the
from the date of his election and he Chairmanship of the Hon’ble Prime
shall continue as such mayor, provided Minister approved setting up of GST
that in the meantime he does not cease to Council and creation of its Secretariat as
be a counselor. follows:
 The Madras High Court upheld the  GST Council as per Article 279A of the
ordinance stating that they did not amended Constitution;
Þnd any bar under the Constitution
 GST Council Secretariat, with its office at
to holding indirect elections.
New Delhi;
Constitutional Provisions
 The Cabinet also decided to provide
 All the members of a municipality shall for adequate funds for meeting
be elected directly by the people of the the recurring and non-recurring
municipal area. expenses of the GST Council
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 26
Secretariat, which shall be borne by separately by the Jammu and Kashmir
the Central Government. The GST Constitution and Jammu and Kashmir
Council Secretariat shall be manned by Representation of the People Act, 1957.
officers taken on deputation from both
 As far as delimitation of Lok Sabha
the Central and State Governments.
seats is concerned, the last Delimitation
Topic: Ministry of Finance Commission of 2002 was not entrusted
with this task. Hence, J&K parliamentary
Subtopic: GST Council
seats remain as delimited on the basis of
the 1971 Census.
59. Correct Option: (d)  While the amendment of 1976 to the Indian
Explanation: Constitution suspended delimitation
in the rest of the country till 2001, no
 Statement 1 is incorrect: Delimitation
corresponding amendment was made to
Commission is a statutory body.
the J&K Constitution. Hence, unlike the
 Statement 2 is incorrect: EC has been rest of the country, the Assembly seats of
vested with the authority to redraw J&K were delimited based on the 1981
boundaries of constituencies. Census, which formed the basis of the
state elections in 1996.
Delimitation of J&K and Ladakh
 There was no census in the state in 1991
 Delimitation Commission is a statutory
and no Delimitation Commission was set
body. In India, Delimitation Commissions
up by the state government after the 2001
have been constituted 4 times–in 1952
Census as the J&K Assembly passed a
under the Delimitation Commission
law putting a freeze on fresh delimitation
Act, 1952, in 1963 under Delimitation
until 2026. This freeze was upheld by the
Commission Act, 1962, in 1973 under
Supreme Court.
Delimitation Act, 1972 and in 2002 under
Delimitation Act, 2002. There is precedence of the EC being vested
 The Commission is a powerful and with the authority to redraw boundaries
independent body whose orders cannot of constituencies–including when Delhi
be challenged in any court of law. The was delimited to 70 seats in 1991-92, and
orders are laid before the Lok Sabha Uttarakhand to 70 seats in 2000. Also,
and the respective State Legislative Section 8A of the RP Act 1950, introduced by
Assemblies. However, modifications are Parliament in 2008, states that delimitation
not permitted. in the four northeast states of Arunachal
Pradesh, Manipur, Assam and Nagaland,
 Recently there have been speculations
when held, would fall within the EC’s
about possible scheduling of the Assembly
remit.
elections in Union Territory of J&K and
delimitation is crucial for this. Topic: Delimitation Commission
 Delimitation is the act of fixing limits or Subtopic: Function of Delimitation
boundaries of an Assembly or Lok Sabha Commission
constituency to represent changes in
population over time.
 This job is assigned to a high power body
called Delimitation Commission in India. Explanation:
 The orders of a Delimitation Commission  Option (b) is correct

have the force of law and cannot be called Fundamental Duties
in question before any court. These orders
come into force on a date to be specified by  By way of the 42nd Constitution
the President of India in this behalf. (Amendment) Act, 1976, a new Chapter
IV-A which consists of only one Article i.e
 Delimitation of Jammu and Kashmir’s 51-A was added which dealt with a Code
Lok Sabha seats is governed by the of Ten Fundamental Duties for citizens.
Indian Constitution, but delimitation of The original Constitution did not
its Assembly seats (until special status have any provision for fundamental
was abrogated recently) was governed duties.
27
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
 Though the Swaran Singh Committee  Such a power is essential for the proper
suggested the incorporation of eight exercise of the expressly conferred
Fundamental Duties in the Constitution, legislative powers. For example, the
the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act power to legislate on banking would also
(1976) included ten Fundamental Duties. include all the related powers to legislate
 Interestingly, certain recommendations on matters like functions of banks, the
of the Committee were not accepted composition of their boards, relationship
by the Congress Party and hence, not with RBI, etc.
incorporated in the Constitution.  Similarly, the power to legislate on an
These include: entry dealing with forests would include
 The Parliament may provide for the the power of afforestation, deforestation,
imposition of such penalty or punishment planning and management of forest as
as may be considered appropriate for any ancillary matters.
non-compliance with or refusal to observe  The jurisprudence related to
any of the duties. this doctrine focuses on such an
 No law imposing such penalty or interpretation of the words in the
punishment shall be called in question in statute to provide them a liberal and
any court on the ground of infringement the widest interpretation.
of any of Fundamental Rights or on
 This aids in the proper and effective
the ground of repugnancy to any other
functioning of the object of the legislature.
provision of the Constitution.
But, this doctrine has a limited
 Duty to pay taxes should also be a application.
Fundamental Duty of the citizens.
 It gets invoked only in cases where there
 Unlike some of the Fundamental Rights is a need for aiding the main matter of
which extend to all persons whether the legislation. The main idea behind this
citizens or foreigners, the Fundamental doctrine is to equip the legislature with
Duties are conÞned to citizens only all the necessary powers.
and do not extend to foreigners.
 In State of Rajasthan v G. Chawla case,
86th Amendment to the Constitution the Apex Court held that “the power to
amended Articles 45 and 51A [Art 51A (j) legislate on a topic includes the power to
and (k)] and inserted Article 21A. legislate on an ancillary matter which can
be said to be reasonably included in the
Topic: Indian Constitution topic”.
Subtopic: Fundamental Duties  The following provisions of the
Constitution reflect the power to make
law on incidental matters:
 Article 4 provides the power to make law
Explanation:
on matters supplemental, incidental, and
 All statements are correct consequential to the law providing for
Doctrine of Incidental or Ancillary adding of states under Article 2 and 3.
Powers  Article 110 and 199 define money bill for
 Ancillary or incidental powers mean those both the Union and the States. It includes
powers that support the powers that are “any matter incidental to any of the
expressly conferred. matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f)”
of the respective articles.
 There are some express powers given to
both the Central and State Governments  Article 145 provides the power to the
through the three lists specified in the Supreme Court to make “rules as to the
Seventh Schedule. costs of and incidental to any proceedings
in the Court and as to the fees to be charged
 The doctrine of ancillary or incidental in respect of proceedings therein”.
powers means that these express
powers to legislate on a matter also  Article 169 provides for the abolition or
consist of the power to legislate on creation of Legislative Councils in States.
an incidental or ancillary matter. This article includes the power to make
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 28
rules “as may be necessary to give effect inconsistency between the two
to the provisions of the law and may also enactments.
contain such supplemental, incidental and
 There can be no repeal unless inconsistency
consequential provisions as Parliament
appears on the face of the two statues.
may deem necessary”.
 Two statues occupy same field without
Topic: Legislature coming in collusion there can be no
Subtopic: Doctrine of Ancillary Powers repugnancy results.
 There is no inconsistency between the
62. Correct Option: (d) statues in the same field both the statues
continue to operate.
Explanation:
 If any law passed by the legislature of
 Statement 1 is incorrect: Where any the state enumerated in the concurrent
law passed by the Parliament inconsistent list which is repugnant to the earlier law
is with the law passed in the state made by the Parliament or an existing
legislature, the Parliamentary law would law the law passed by the state legislature
prevail. would remain in existence in that state if
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Any state law the assent is given by the president.
after receiving the presidential assent the  After receiving the presidential
law can still be held void if the Parliament assent the law can still be held void
amend, verify and repeal any law in if the Parliament amend, verify and
respect to the same matter. repeal any law in respect to the same
matter.
Doctrine of Repugnance
 Thus this doctrine plays a pertinent part
 Repugnancy refers to inconsistency
in the Indian Constitution in determining
between state and Union law.
the roles of centre and state.
 Doctrine of repugnance helps to
Topic: Presidential Power
maintain uniformity in the country
and avoid disputes between the Subtopic: Doctrine of Repugnance
centre and the state.
 Doctrine of Repugnancy has been stated 63. Correct Option: (d)
in Article 254 of the Indian Constitution,
Explanation:
under Part XI. It involves solving
questions of repugnancy between the  Option (d) is incorrect: The electoral
Central and the State law. franchise was still limited to about 10% of
the population.
 Where any law passed by the
Parliament inconsistent with the law Government of India act 1935
passed in the state legislature the  The Government of India Act 1935
Parliamentary law would prevail. contemplated the establishment of an
 Doctrine of repugnancy occurs when All-India Federation in which Governors’
both the statues have made law in the Provinces and the Chief Commissioners’
concurrent list. Provinces and those Indian states which
might accede to be united were to be
 The Supreme Court ruled in M. included.
Karunanidhi v. Union of India that where
the provisions of a Central Act and a  Dyarchy was provided for in the Federal
State Act in the Concurrent List are fully Executive.
inconsistent and absolutely irreconcilable,  The Federal Legislature was to have
the Central Act will take precedence and two chambers (bicameral)—the Council
the State Act will become void due to the of States and the Federal Legislative
repugnancy. Assembly.
 M Karunanidhi v. Union of India that  It provided for three subject-lists—the
the doctrine of repugnancy can be used Federal Legislative List, the Provincial
when: Legislative List and the Concurrent
 There must be a clear and direct Legislative List.
29
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
 Residuary legislative powers were form of monarchy in which the monarch
subject to the discretion of the exercises authority in accordance with a
governor-general. written or unwritten constitution.
 Dyarchy in the provinces was abolished Topic: Types of Political System
and provinces were given autonomy, i.e.,
the distinction between Reserved and
Transferred Subjects was abolished and full
responsible government was established, Explanation:
subject to certain safeguards.
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The framers
 Provinces derived their power and of the Constitution borrowed this idea
authority directly from the British from the Irish Constitution of, which had
Crown. copied it from the Spanish Constitution.
 Provincial legislatures were further DPSPs
expanded.
 Directive Principles of State Policy are
 The principles of ‘communal electorates’ enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution
and ‘weightage’ were further extended to from Articles 36 to 51. The framers of the
depressed classes, women and labour. Constitution borrowed this idea from the
 Franchise was extended, with about Irish Constitution of 1937, which had
10 per cent of the total population copied it from the Spanish Constitution.
getting the right to vote.  Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described these
 The India Council of the Secretary of principles as ‘novel features’ of the Indian
State was abolished. Constitution. The Directive Principles
along with the Fundamental Rights contain
 The 1935 Act recommended the the philosophy of the Constitution and is
establishment of a Federal Public Service the soul of the Constitution. Granville
Commission and Provincial Public Service Austin has described the Directive
Commission under their spheres. Principles and the Fundamental Rights
Topic: Government of India Act as the ‘Conscience of the Constitution’
Subtopic: Federal Executive  The Directive Principles constitute a

very comprehensive economic, social
and political programme for a modern
64. Correct Option: (d) democratic State. They aim at realising
Explanation: the high ideals of justice, liberty, equality
and fraternity as outlined in the Preamble
 All statements are correct. to the Constitution. They embody the
Types of Political System concept of a ‘welfare state’ and not that
of a ‘police state’, which existed during
 Presidential and Parliamentary the colonial era. In brief, they seek to
system: In a presidential system, political establish economic and social democracy
and administrative powers are rigidly in the country.
divided between the executive, legislative
and judicial branches. In a parliamentary Topic: Indian Constitution
system, Parliament may be sovereign Subtopic: DPSP
and executive authority (exercised by the
Prime Minister and Cabinet) is derived
from the legislature. 66. Correct Option: (c)
 Direct democracy: Direct democracy or Explanation:
pure democracy is a form of democracy Directive Principles of State Policy
in which the electorate decides on
policy initiatives without legislative  Article 49 - Protection of monuments
representatives as proxies. and places and objects of national
importance.
 Constitutional monarchy: A
constitutional monarchy, parliamentary  The sole purpose of the Article 39 is to
monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a ensure that the people or the citizens of
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 30
India are provided with adequate means inequalities in income, status,
of livelihood, fair distribution of wealth, facilities and opportunities (Article
equal pay for equal work, protection of 38).
children and labour. The responsibility of
 The 86th Amendment Act of 2002
ensuring all this is upon the state. Land
changed the subject-matter of Article
reform laws were to bring changes in
45 and made elementary education a
the agrarian society and to improve
fundamental right under Article 21 A.
the conditions of the rural masses.
The amended directive requires the
These measures include (a) abolition
State to provide early childhood care
of intermediaries like zamindars,
and education for all children until they
jagirdars, inamdars, etc; (b) tenancy
complete the age of six years.
reforms like security of tenure, fair
rents, etc (c) imposition of ceilings  The 97th Amendment Act of 2011
on land holdings; (d) distribution added a new Directive Principle relating
of surplus land among the landless to cooperative societies. It requires the
labourers; and (e) cooperative state to promote voluntary formation,
farming. autonomous functioning, democratic
control and professional management of
 Article 48A - Protection and improvement
co-operative societies (Article 43B).
of environment and safeguarding of forests
and wild life. The National Forest Topic: Constitutional Amendment Act
Policy (1988) aims at the protection,
Subtopic: 42nd Constitutional
conservation and development of
Amendment Act
forests.
 Article 41 - Right to work, to education
and to public assistance in certain
cases. National Rural Employment Explanation:
Guarantee Programme supports
 Statement 1 is incorrect: The President
Rights to Work under Article 41.
can declare a national emergency even
Topic: DPSP before the actual occurrence of war or
external aggression or armed rebellion if
Sub-topic: Acts to enforce DPSPs
he is satisfied that there is an imminent
danger.
67. Correct Option: (d) Proclamation of National Emergency
Explanation:
 Under Article 352, the President can
 Option (d) is correct declare a national emergency when
the security of India or a part of it is
New Directive Principles
threatened by war or external aggression,
 The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 or armed rebellion.
added four new Directive Principles to
 It may be noted that the president can
the original list. They require the State:
declare a national emergency even
 To secure opportunities for healthy before the actual occurrence of war or
development of children (Article 39). external aggression or armed rebellion if
he is satisfied that there is an imminent
 To promote equal justice and to provide
danger.
free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A).
 The President can also issue different
 To take steps to secure the participation of
proclamations on grounds of war, external
workers in the management of industries
aggression, armed rebellion, or imminent
(Article 43 A).
danger thereof, whether or not there is
 To protect and improve the environment a proclamation already issued by him
and to safeguard forests and wildlife and such proclamation is in operation.
(Article 48 A). This provision was added by the 38th
 The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 Amendment Act of 1975.
added one more Directive Principle,  When a national emergency is declared on
which requires the State to minimise the ground of ‘war’ or ‘external aggression’,
31
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
it is known as ‘External Emergency’. On  The idea of Justice-Social, Economic,
the other hand, when it is declared on the and Political is taken from Russian
ground of ‘armed rebellion’, it is known as revolution.
‘Internal Emergency’.  The Preamble of Indian constitution is
 The 42nd Constitution (Amendment) Act neither a source of power to legislature
of 1976 enabled the President to limit the nor a prohibition upon the powers of
operation of a National Emergency to a legislature.
specified part of India.  The reason for inserting the Preamble
Topic: National Emergency at the end was to ensure that it was in
conformity with the Constitution as
Subtopic: Proclamation of National adopted by the Constituent Assembly.
Emergency
 While forwarding the Preamble for votes,
the President of the Constituent Assembly
69. Correct Option: (c) said, ‘The question is that Preamble stands
part of the Constitution”. The motion was
Explanation:
then adopted. Hence, the current opinion
 Option (c) is correct held by the Supreme Court that the
Preamble is a part of the Constitution,
Inter-State Council
is in consonance with the opinion of the
 For the harmonious relations and close founding fathers of the Constitution.
cooperation between the states inter se
 The Preamble is neither a source of
the Constitution makes the following
power to legislature nor a prohibition
provisions concerning inter-state council: upon the powers of legislature. It is
 Adjudication of inter-state water non-justiciable, that is, its provisions are
disputes. not enforceable in courts of law.
 Coordination through inter-state
councils. 71. Correct Option: (b)
 Mutual recognition of public acts, records, Explanation:
and judicial proceedings.  Option (b) is correct
 Freedom of inter-state trade, commerce,
Second Schedule of the Indian
and intercourse. Constitution
 In addition, the zonal councils have been  Second schedule deals with the
established by the Parliament to promote emoluments of the following:
inter-state cooperation and coordination.
 The President and the Governors of
Topic: Inter-State Council the States
Subtopic: Function of Inter-State  Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of
Council the House of the People and of the
Legislative Assemblies of States
70. Correct Option: (d)  Chairman and Deputy Chairman of
the Council of the States and of the
Explanation
Legislative Councils of States
 Both statements are correct
 Judges of the Supreme Court and of
Preamble the High Courts
 The preamble to the Constitution of India  The Comptroller and Auditor-General
is a brief introductory statement that sets Topic: Indian Constitution
out the guiding purpose, principles and
philosophy of the constitution. Subtopic: Second Schedule
 Preamble gives an idea about the

following: (1) the source of the constitution, 72. Correct Option: (b)
(2) nature of Indian state (3) a statement Explanation:
of its objectives and (4) the date of its
adoption.  Option (b) is correct
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 32
Independence of Supreme Court Judges  The Law Commission of India (2017) noted
that pendency in courts leads to delays
 The Constitution has made the following
in the administration of justice, thereby,
provisions to safeguard and ensure the
impacting efficiency of the judicial system.
independent and impartial functioning of
Further, it noted that in certain technical
the Supreme Court: cases, the traditional courts need expert
 Mode of appointment knowledge for adjudication.
 Security of tenure Topic: Tribunals
 Fixed service conditions Subtopic: Functions of Tribunals
 Administrative Expenses charged on
the consolidated fund 74. Correct Option: (a)
 Conduct of judges cannot be discussed Explanation:
 Ban on practice in any court after  Option (a) is correct
retirement
Original Jurisdiction
 Power to punish for its contempt
 As a Federal court, the Supreme Court
 Freedom to appoint its staff decides disputes between different units of
the Indian Federation. More elaborately,
 Its jurisdiction cannot be curtailed
any dispute between: the Centre and
 Separation from Executive one or more states; or the Centre and
any state or states on one side and one
 The Constitution doesn’t prohibit or more states on the other; or between
the judges of the Supreme Court and two or more states.
high courts from taking any post-
retirement jobs and it also doesn’t  In the above federal disputes, the Supreme
restrict the power of government to appoint Court has exclusive original jurisdiction.
any retired judges for any commissions or Further, this jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
tribunals etc. The government appoints does not extend to the following:
retired higher judiciary judges as heads
of various commissions.  A dispute arising out of any pre-
Constitution treaty, agreement,
Topic: Indian Constitution covenant, engagement, or other similar
instrument.
Subtopic: Independence of Supreme
Court Judges  A dispute arising out of any treaty,
agreement, etc., which specifically
provides that the said jurisdiction does
73. Correct Option: (b) not extend to such a dispute.
Explanation: Inter-state water disputes.
 Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect: The  Matters referred to the Finance
income tax appellate tribunal was the Commission.
first tribunal to be established in India in
1941.  Adjustment of certain expenses and
pensions between the Centre and the
Tribunals states.
 Tribunals are judicial or quasi-judicial  Ordinary dispute of Commercial nature
institutions established by law. They between the Centre and the states.
intend to provide a platform for faster
 Recovery of damages by a state against
adjudication as compared to traditional
the Centre.
courts, as well as expertise on certain
subject matters. Pendency of cases in Habeas Corpus (or any other writs related
courts is one of the key challenges faced
to the Fundamental Rights) can be issued by
by the judicial system. As of June 6, 2021,
there are 91,885 cases pending for more both High court and Supreme Court.
than 30 years in different High Courts of Topic: Jurisdiction
India. As of May 1, 2021, there are 67,898
pending cases in the Supreme Court. Subtopic: Inter-state water disputes
33
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
75. Correct Option: (a) members (both elected and nominated) of
the state legislative councils (in case of the
Explanation: bicameral legislature) do not participate
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Supreme in the election of the President.
Court held that subordinate judicial  Statement 3 is incorrect: The voting is
officers cannot apply or compete for direct done by secret ballot.
appointment as District Judge even if
they have a previous experience of seven Presidential Electoral College
years as an advocate.  The voting is done by secret ballot.
Appointment of district judges  The President is elected by an Electoral
 Appointments of persons to be, and the College consisting of the elected members
posting and promotion of, district judges in of both Houses of Parliament i.e.
any State shall be made by the Governor Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and of the
of the State in consultation with the High State Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan
Court exercising jurisdiction in relation Sabhas).
to such State.  Thus, the nominated members of both
 A person not already in the service of the of Houses of Parliament, the nominated
Union or of the State shall only be eligible members of the state legislative
to be appointed a district judge if he has assemblies, the members (both elected
been for not less than seven years an and nominated) of the state legislative
advocate or a pleader and is recommended councils (in case of the bicameral
by the High Court for appointment. legislature) and the nominated members
of the Legislative Assemblies of Delhi,
 The Supreme Court on held that Puducherry, and Jammu & Kashmir
subordinate judicial officers cannot apply (from next election) do not participate
or compete for direct appointment as in the election of the President.
District Judge even if they have a previous
experience of seven years as an advocate.  Where an assembly is dissolved, the
members cease to be qualified to vote
 The only opportunity available for them to in Presidential election, even if fresh
be District Judges is through promotion in elections to the dissolved assembly are
accordance with the Rules framed under not held before the Presidential election.
Article 234 and proviso to Article 309 of
the Constitution, a three-judge Bench led  The Constitution provides that there
by Justice Arun Mishra declared in an shall be uniformity in the scale of
83-page judgment. representation of different states as well
as parity between the states as a whole
 Justice Mishra, who co-authored the and the Union at the election of the
main judgment with Justice Vineet President.
Saran, was interpreting Article 233 of
the Constitution. Direct appointment  The election is held by means of
under Article 233 is only available to single transferable vote system of
advocates or pleaders with seven years of proportional representation.
legal practice. The Article expressly bars Topic: Presidential Election
candidates in service of either the Union
or the State. Subtopic: Presidential Electoral College
Topic: Indian Judiciary

Subtopic: Appointment of district judges
Explanation:
76. Correct Option: (b)  Statement 1 is incorrect: A formal

impeachment is not required for his
Explanation: removal.
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The nominated  Statement 2 is correct: The resolution
members of both of Houses of Parliament, should be passed in the Rajya Sabha by an
the nominated members of the state effective majority and in the Lok Sabha
(and UTs, if) legislative assemblies, the by a simple majority.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 34
 Statement 3 is incorrect: No ground administrative and legislative
has been mentioned in the Constitution matters of state.
for his removal.
Situational discretion
Vice-President
 In addition to the above constitutional
 Vice-President can resign from his office discretion (i.e., the express discretion
at any time by addressing the resignation mentioned in the Constitution), the
letter to the President. He can also be Governor, like the President, also has
removed from the office before completion situational discretion (i.e., the hidden
of his term. A formal impeachment is not discretion derived from the exigencies
required for his removal. of a prevailing political situation) in the
following cases:
 He can be removed by a resolution passed
by a majority of all the then members of  Appointment of Chief Minister when no
the Rajya Sabha and agreed to by the Lok party has a clear-cut majority in the state
Sabha. This means that this resolution legislative assembly or when the Chief
should be passed in the Rajya Sabha by Minister in office dies suddenly and there
an effective majority and in the Lok Sabha is no obvious successor.
by a simple majority. It must be noted  Dismissal of the Council of Ministers
here that the effective majority in India is when it cannot prove the confidence of the
only a type of special majority and not a state legislative assembly.
separate one. Further, this resolution can
 Dissolution of the state legislative
be introduced only in the Rajya Sabha
assembly if the Council of Ministers
and not in the Lok Sabha. But, no such
has lost its majority.
resolution can be moved unless at least 14
days’ advance notice has been given. Topic: Governors
 Notably, no ground has been mentioned Subtopic: Powers of Governors
in the Constitution for his removal.
Topic: Vice-President 79. Correct Option: (b)
Sub-Topic: Removal of Vice-President Explanation:
 Statement 3 is incorrect: The President
may either give or withhold assent to a
Money Bill.
Explanation:
Money Bill
 Article 110 of the Constitution deals with
Constitutional discretionary powers of the definition of money bills. It states that
Governors a bill is deemed to be a money bill if it
contains ‘only’ provisions dealing with all
 The Governor has constitutional discretion
or any of the following matters:
in the following cases:
 The imposition, abolition, remission,
 Reservation of a bill for the alteration or regulation of any tax;
consideration of the President.
 The regulation of the borrowing of
 Recommendation for the imposition money by the Union government;
of President’s Rule in the state.
 The custody of the Consolidated Fund
 While exercising his functions as the of India or the contingency fund of
administrator of an adjoining union India, the payment of moneys into or
territory. the withdrawal of money from any
 Determining the annual amount payable such fund;
by the governor of Assam, Meghalaya,  The appropriation of money out of the
Tripura, and Mizoram to an Autonomous Consolidated Fund of India;
Tribal District Council as royalty occurring
 Declaration of any expenditure
from licenses for mineral exploration.
charged on the Consolidated Fund of
 Seeking information from the India or increasing the amount of any
Chief Minister with regard to the such expenditure;
35
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
 The receipt of money on account of  Appropriation Bill: An Appropriation
the Consolidated Fund of India or the Bill is introduced in Lok Sabha
public account of India or the custody immediately after adoption of the
or issue of such money, or the audit of relevant demands for grants. Such Bills
the accounts of the Union or of a state; are categorised as Money Bills as they
or seek to authorise appropriation from the
Consolidated Fund of India, of all moneys
 Any matter incidental to any of the
required to meet the grants made by the
matters specified above.
House and the expenditure charged on
 If any question arises whether a bill is the Consolidated Fund of India.
a money bill or not, the decision of the
Speaker of the Lok Sabha is Þnal. His Topic: Parliamentary Functions
decision in this regard cannot be questioned Subtopic: Money Bills
in any court of law or in the either House
of Parliament or even the president. When
a money bill is transmitted to the Rajya 80. Correct Option: (b)
Sabha for recommendation and presented Explanation:
to the president for assent, the Speaker
 Statement 1 is incorrect: The 73rd
endorses it as a money bill.
Amendment Act was enacted by the
 A money bill can only be introduced Indian national government in 1992 to
in the Lok Sabha and that too on the address these issues and improve local
recommendation of the President. After self-governance not local election.
a money bill is passed by the Lok Sabha,
it is transmitted to the Rajya Sabha for The 73rd Amendment Act
its consideration. The Rajya Sabha  The 73rd Amendment Act was enacted
has restricted powers with regard by the Indian national government
to a money bill. It cannot reject or in 1992 to address these issues and
amend a money bill. It can only make the improve local self-governance.
recommendations. It must return the bill
 The 73rd Amendment Act’s primary
to the Lok Sabha within 14 days, wither
goal was to democratically decentralise
with or without recommendations. The
authority and resources from the centre to
Lok Sabha can either accept or reject
locally elected officials in order to increase
all or any of the recommendations of the
citizen participation in governance.
Rajya Sabha.
 Its goal relates to Article 40 of the
 A money bill can be introduced by
constitution, which calls for the state to
a minister (even from Rajya Sabha)
set up village panchayats and give them
(Government Bill), or be any member
the requisite authority and powers to
of the Parliament (Private Member’s
function as self-governing entities.
Bill) but only in Lok Sabha.
Topic: Constitutional Amendment Act
 The President may either give or
withhold assent to a Money Bill. Subtopic: 73rd Amendment Act
Under the Constitution, a Money Bill
cannot be returned to the House by the
President for reconsideration. 81. Correct Option: (c)
Some Categories of Money Bills Explanation:
 Finance Bill: Finance Bill is a secret  Both statements are correct.

bill introduced in Lok Sabha every year Digital Rights
immediately after the presentation of
 Digital rights, closely linked to
the General Budget to give effect to the
freedom of expression and privacy,
financial proposals of the Government
are those that allow people to access,
of India for the following financial year.
use, create and publish digital
Finance Bills are treated as Money Bills as
media, as well as access and use
they substantially deal with amendments
computers, other electronic devices
to various tax laws and matters incidental
and communications networks.
thereto.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 36
 Digital rights are merely an extension 83. Correct Option: (c)
of the rights set out in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights by the Explanation:
United Nations as applied to the  Both statements are correct.
online world.
The Criminal Procedure (IdentiÞcation)
 It is a broad term implying right to privacy Act, 2022
and data protection; it can be related to
 This act empowers police ofÞcers
trolling, online threats and hate speech;
or prison ofÞcers to collect certain
it can address broader issues of equitable
identiÞable information from convicts
Internet access regardless of economic
or those who have been arrested
backgrounds and disabilities.
for an offence. This information could
Topic: Human Rights include finger-prints, photographs, iris
and retina scan, biological samples
Subtopic: Digital Rights
and their analysis, and behavioural
attributes.
 The Act empowers the National Crime
Explanation: Records Bureau (NCRB) to collect (from
state governments, union territory
 Both statements are correct.
(UT) administrations, or other law
Election Freebies enforcement agencies), store, process,
share, disseminate and destroy records
 Election Freebies are the offerings/
of measurements, as may be prescribed
distribution of irrational freebies
by rules. The Criminal Procedure
from political parties as part of
(Identification) Rules, 2022 specify these
electoral promises.
details. These Rules were notified by the
 In the last few years election freebies Ministry of Home Affairs on September
have become an integral part of Indian 19, 2022.
elections with cumulative increase in each
election. E.g., Free electricity, Free Water, Key features of the 2022 Rules include:
Free Rides, Loan Waivers, Allowances,  Taking measurements: Under the Act,
laptops etc. Some of these ‘freebies’ help all convicts, arrested persons, as well as
them to meet basic needs of people and persons detained under any preventive
uplift their living standard, helping to detention law may be required to give
temporarily address other issues as well their measurements. The Rules specify
such as unemployment, rising cost of that for certain person’s measurements
living, economic inequalities etc. But will not be taken unless they have been
it goes against the roots of free and fair charged or arrested in connection with
election in a democracy and gives rise to any other offence. These persons include
several issues. those violating prohibitory orders under
 According to the Guidelines on Election Sections 144 or 145 of the Code of Criminal
Manifestos of the Model Code of Conduct, Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), or arrested under
preventive detention under Section 151 of
 “In the interest of transparency, CrPC.
level playing Þeld and credibility
of promises, it is expected that  Persons authorised to take
manifestos also reßect the rationale measurements: The Act provides that
for the promises and broadly measurements will be taken by a police
indicate the ways and means to officer or prison officer. The Rules specify
meet the Þnancial requirements that an authorised user, or any person
for it. Trust of voters should be skilled in taking the measurements, or
sought only on those promises a registered medical practitioner, or any
which are possible to be fulÞlled.” person authorised in this behalf may take
such measurements. An authorised user
Topic: Election/Democracy has been defined as a police officer or a
Subtopic: Election Freebies prison officer, who has been authorised by
the NCRB to access the database.
37
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
 Storage of measurement records: The Delhi Municipal Corporation
The Rules specify that the NCRB will (Amendment) Bill, 2022
issue the Standard Operating Procedures  The Delhi Municipal Corporation
(SOPs) for taking measurements (Amendment) Bill, 2022 was introduced
including: (i) specifications and the in Lok Sabha on March 25, 2022. The
format of the measurements to be taken, Bill seeks to amend the Delhi Municipal
(ii) specifications of the devices to be Corporation Act, 1957 passed by
used for taking these measurements, and Parliament. The Act was amended in
(iii) the method of handling and storing 2011 by Delhi Legislative Assembly
these measurements. The SOPs may also to trifurcate the erstwhile Municipal
provide for: (i) the digital format to which Corporation of Delhi into: (i) North Delhi
each measurement should be converted Municipal Corporation, (ii) South Delhi
before uploading on to the database, and Municipal Corporation, and (iii) East
(ii) the encryption method. Delhi Municipal Corporation. The Bill
seeks to unify the three corporations.
 Sharing of records: To match the
record of measurements of a person, an  UniÞcation of Municipal Corporations
authorised user will forward the request in Delhi: The Bill replaces the three
to NCRB. NCRB will match the record municipal corporations under the
Act with One Corporation named the
and provide a report to the authorised
Municipal Corporation of Delhi.
user through a secure network. The SOPs
will provide the guidelines for processing  Powers of the Delhi government:
and matching of the records. The Act as amended in 2011 empowers
the Delhi government to decide various
 Destruction of records: The Act
matters under the Act. These include: (i)
provides that the records will be total number of seats of councillors and
destroyed in case of persons who: (i) number of seats reserved for members of
have not been previously convicted the Scheduled Castes, (ii) division of the
(of an offence with imprisonment), area of corporations into zones and wards,
and (ii) are released without trial, (iii) delimitation of wards, (iv) matters
discharged, or acquitted by the such as salary and allowances, and leave
court, unless directed otherwise by of absence of the Commissioner, (v)
the Magistrate or court. The NCRB sanctioning of consolidation of loans by a
will destroy the records as prescribed. As corporation, and (vi) sanctioning suits for
per the Rules, the SOPs will provide the compensation against the Commissioner
procedure for destruction and disposal of for loss or waste or misapplication of
records. The state or central government or Municipal Fund or property. Similarly,
UT administration will nominate a nodal the Act mandates that the Commissioner
officer to whom requests for destruction will exercise his powers regarding
of record of measurements will be made. building regulations under the general
The nodal officer will recommend the superintendence and directions of Delhi
government. The Bill instead empowers
destruction of records to NCRB after
the central government to decide these
verifying that such records are not linked
matters.
with any other criminal cases.
 Number of councillors: The Act
Topic: Indian judiciary provides that the number of seats in the
Subtopic: The Criminal Procedure three corporations taken together should
(IdentiÞcation) Act, 2022 not be more than 272. The 14th Schedule
to the Act specifies 272 wards across the
three Corporations. The Bill states that
84. Correct Option: (b) the total number of seats in the new
Explanation: Corporation should not be more than
250.
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The Bill
 Removal of Director of Local Bodies:
provides that the central government
The Act provides for a Director of Local
may appoint a Special Officer to exercise
Bodies to assist the Delhi government and
powers of the Corporation.
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 38
discharge certain functions which include:  Statutory framework in the form of
(i) coordinating between Corporations, legislation for prohibition of doping in
(ii) framing recruitment Rules for various sports and enforcing anti-doping activities
posts, and (iii) coordinating the collecting in the country.
and sharing of toll tax collected by the
The Act intends to accomplish:
respective Corporations. The Bill omits
the provision for a Director of Local  Building institutional capabilities in anti-
Bodies. doping and enabling hosting of major
sports events;
 Special ofÞcer to be appointed by the
central government: The Bill provides  Protecting rights of all sportspersons;
that the central government may
 Ensuring time-bound justice to athletes;
appoint a Special OfÞcer to exercise
powers of the Corporation until the  Enhancing cooperation among agencies
first meeting of the Corporation is held in fighting doping in sports;
after the commencement of the Bill.  Reinforcing India’s commitment to
 E-governance system for citizens: The international obligations for clean sports;
Bill adds that obligatory functions  Independent mechanism for anti-doping
of the new Corporation will include adjudication;
establishing an e-governance
system for citizen services on  Providing legal sanctity to National Anti-
anytime-anywhere basis for better, Doping Agency (NADA) & National Dope
accountable, and transparent Testing Laboratory (NDTL);
administration.  Establishing more Dope Testing Labs;
 Conditions of service for sweepers:  Creating job opportunities both, directly
The Act provides that a sweeper & indirectly; and
employed for doing house scavenging of
a building would be required to give a  Creating opportunities for academic
reasonable cause or a 14 day notice before research, science and manufacturing
discontinuing his service. The Bill seeks relating to Anti-Doping.
to omit this provision.  Establishing standards for the
Topic: National Capital Territory of manufacturing of nutritional supplements
Delhi for sports in India.
Subtopic: The Delhi Municipal Topic: Drug Regulations

Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2022 Subtopic: National Anti-Doping Act 2022
85. Correct Option: (d) 86. Correct Option: (c)

Explanation: Explanation:
 Statement 1 is incorrect: The National  Option (c) is correct.
Anti-Doping Agency is a statutory body
for regulating anti-doping activities in EVM
sports.  Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is an
 Statement 2 is incorrect: The act electronic device for recording votes. An
intends to accomplish establish standards Electronic Voting Machine consists of two
for the manufacturing of nutritional Units – a Control Unit and a Balloting
supplements for sports in India. Unit – joined by a five-meter cable. The
Control Unit is placed with the Presiding
National Anti-Doping Act 2022 Officer or a Polling Officer and the
 Parliament passes the National Balloting Unit is placed inside the voting
Anti-Doping Act 2022 to provide for compartment.
the constitution of National Anti-  The EVMs have been devised and designed
Doping agency as a statutory body by the Technical Experts Committee (TEC)
for regulating anti-doping activities of the Election Commission in collaboration
in sports. with two Public Sector undertakings viz.,
39
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
Bharat Electronics Ltd., Bangalore and in Legislatures accessible anytime,
Electronic Corporation of India Ltd., anywhere to everyone.
Hyderabad. The EVMs are manufactured
Topic: E Legislature
by the above two undertakings.
Subtopic: National E Vidhan Application
Topic: Election
Subtopic: EVMs
Explanation:
Explanation:
Provisions related to Prisoners’ right to
 Both statements are correct. cast their vote
National E Vidhan Application  Under Section 62(5) of
 NeVA is a work-flow system deployed the Representation of the People Act,
on NIC Cloud, MeghRaj which helps 1951, individuals in the lawful custody of
the Chair of the House to conduct the the police and those serving a sentence
proceedings of the House smoothly, of imprisonment after conviction cannot
Hon’ble Members to carry out their duties vote.
in the House efficiently and to conduct  Under trial prisoners are also
Legislative Business of the House in a excluded from participating in
Paperless manner. elections even if their names are on
 NeVA is a device neutral and member the electoral rolls.
centric application created to equip them  Only those under preventive
to handle diverse House Business smartly detention can cast their vote
by putting entire information regarding through postal ballots.
member contact details, rules of procedure,
list of business, notices, bulletins, bills, Topic: Fundamental Rights
starred/unstarred questions and answers, Subtopic: Voting Right
papers laid, committee reports etc. in
their hand held devices/ tablets and equip
all Legislatures/ Departments to handle 89. Correct Option: (a)
it efficiently. NeVA will completely
Explanation:
eliminate the process of sending out a
notice/request for collection of data.  Statement 3 is incorrect: Economically
Weaker Section (EWS) Quota enables
 The application hosts a secure page
both the Centre and the States to provide
for each Member of the House for
reservations to the EWS of society.
submitting questions & other notices.
The aim of the project is to bring all the Economically Weaker Section (EWS)
legislatures of the country together, in one
 Recently, the Supreme Court has upheld
platform thereby creating a massive data
the validity of the 103rd Constitutional
depository without having the complexity
Amendment which provides 10%
of multiple applications.
reservation for the Economically Weaker
Sections (EWS) among forward castes
in government jobs and colleges across
India.
Economically Weaker Section (EWS)
Quota
 The 10% EWS quota was introduced under
the 103rd Constitution (Amendment) Act,
2019 by amending Articles 15 and 16.
It inserted Article 15 (6) and Article 16
(6). It is for economic reservation in
 mNeVA is a user-friendly Mobile App
jobs and admissions in educational
of NeVA which is available on Android
institutes for Economically Weaker
as well as on iOS. mNeVA has made
Sections (EWS).
information on the conduct of business
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 40
 It was enacted to promote the welfare of the  The scheme is for surveying the land
poor not covered by the 50% reservation parcels in rural inhabited area using
policy for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Drone technology. The survey shall be
Scheduled Tribes (STs) and socially and done across the country in a phase wise
Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC). manner over the period 2020 -2025. The
It enables both the Centre and the scheme is proposed as a Central Sector
States to provide reservations to the scheme with a projected outlay of Rs 79.65
EWS of society. crores for the pilot phase (FY 2020 -21).
Topic: 103rd Constitution (Amendment) Objectives
Act
 To bring financial stability to the citizens
Subtopic: Economically Weaker Section in rural India by enabling them to use
(EWS) Quota their property as a financial asset for
taking loans and other financial benefits.
90. Correct Option: (c)  Creation of accurate land records for rural
planning.
Explanation:
 Determination of property tax, which
 Statement 1 is incorrect: SVAMITVA would accrue to the GPs directly in States
(Survey of villages and mapping with where it is devolved or else, add to the
improvised technology in village areas) State exchequer.
scheme is a new initiative of the Ministry
of Panchayati Raj.  Creation of survey infrastructure and
GIS maps that can be leveraged by any
SVAMITVA scheme department for their use.
 SVAMITVA (Survey of villages and  To support in preparation of better-quality
mapping with improvised technology in Gram Panchayat Development Plan
village areas) scheme is a new initiative (GPDP) by making use of GIS maps.
of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj. It
aims to provide rural people with the  To reduce property related disputes
right to document their residential and legal cases
properties so that they can use their  Various Stages in SVAMITVA Scheme &
property for economic purposes. its Glimpses
Topic: Government Scheme

Subtopic: SVAMITVA scheme
41
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
91. Correct Option: (b) Tele-Law
Explanation:  Department of Justice has

partnered with NALSA and CSC
 Statement 1 is incorrect: Nyaya Mitra e-Governance Service India Limited
(NM) aims to facilitate expeditious for mainstreaming legal aid to the
disposal of 10-15 years old pending cases marginalised communities through
in High Courts and Subordinate Common Services Center (CSC).
Courts.
 Tele-Law means the use of
Nyaya Mitra Scheme communications and information
 Nyaya Mitra (NM) aims to facilitate technology for the delivery of
expeditious disposal of 10-15 years legal information and advice. This
old pending cases in High Courts and e-interaction between lawyers and people
Subordinate Courts. would be through the video-conferencing
infrastructure available at the CSCs.
 Since introduction of Nyaya Mitra
programme in 2017, a total of 38 Nyaya  The concept of Tele-Law is to facilitate
Mitras were engaged in the States of delivery of legal advice through a panel
Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, of lawyers stationed at the state Legal
Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Services Authorities (SALSA) and CSC.
West Bengal as per the details given The project initiates to connect citizens
under Annexure- ‘A’. with lawyers through video conferencing
facilities by the Para-Legal Volunteers
 The Nyaya Mitras engaged so far have
stationed at identified 1,00,000
assisted the Court concerned in disposal of
panchayat.
3495 old cases which includes matrimonial
cases, accident claim and also criminal  Tele-Law service to be covered by 1,00,000
cases. The State/UT wise details of cases CSCs across 28 states and 8 UTs of India,
disposed is at Annexure-‘B’. through video conferencing / Telephone.
 80 Nyaya Mitras will be engaged across  Preferably women para legal volunteers
the country from 2021-2026. For the year to be identified and empowered. They
2021-2022, 11 Nyaya Mitras have been would be engaged in CSCs for enabling
engaged in the 11 District Courts in the access to legal aid for rural citizens.
month of April 2022.  Tele-Law model will facilitate legal advice
 This scheme is functionalized through through expert panel of lawyers placed at
a retired judicial or executive ofÞcer CSCs and Legal Services Authorities.
(with legal experience) designated Topic: Department of Justice/ NALSA/
as the ‘Nyaya Mitra’, the project would CSCs
be operated out of District Facilitation
Centres, housed in CSCs. Subtopic: Tele-Law
 Nyaya Mitra’s responsibilities would
include, among others assistance, to 93. Correct Option: (d)
litigants who are suffering due to delay
Explanation:
in investigations or trial, by actively
identifying such cases through the  Both statements are correct.
National Judicial Data Grid, providing
Aspirational Districts Programme
legal advice and connecting litigants to
DLSA, CSC Tele Law, other government  Launched by the Hon’ble PM in January
agencies and civil society organisations. 2018, the Aspirational Districts
Programme (ADP) aims to quickly
Topic: Government Scheme and effectively transform 112 most
Subtopic: Nyaya Mitra Scheme under-developed districts across
the country. The broad contours of the
programme are Convergence (of Central
92. Correct Option: (c) & State Schemes), Collaboration (of
Explanation: Central, State level Nodal Officers &
District Collectors), and Competition
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 42
among districts through monthly delta Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana (RVY)
ranking; all driven by a mass movement.
 Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana (RVY) is
 With States as the main drivers, this a scheme for providing Physical Aids
program focuses on the strength of each and Assisted-living Devices for Senior
district, identifying low-hanging fruits for citizens belonging to BPL category.
immediate improvement and measuring This is a Central Sector Scheme, fully
progress by ranking districts on a funded by the Central Government.
monthly basis. The ranking is based on The expenditure for implementation of
the incremental progress made across 49 the scheme will be met from the “Senior
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) under
Citizens’ Welfare Fund”. The Scheme
5 broad socio-economic themes - Health
will be implemented through the sole
& Nutrition, Education, Agriculture &
implementing agency - Artificial Limbs
Water Resources, Financial Inclusion &
Manufacturing Corporation (ALIMCO), a
Skill Development and Infrastructure.
The delta-ranking of Aspirational PSU under the Ministry of Social Justice
Districts and the performance of all and Empowerment.
districts is available on the Champions of  Under the scheme, the physical aids will
Change Dashboard. be provided only to the senior citizens of
 The Government is committed to raising the nation. This implies those who are
the living standards of its citizens and aged above 60 years will get free assisted
ensuring inclusive growth for all – “Sabka living aids and physical devices which are
Saath Sabka Vikas aur Sabka Vishwas”. required for their sustainability. Also the
To enable utilization of their potential, govt. has selected the list of cities where
this program closely focuses on improving the scheme will be implemented. The
people’s ability to participate fully in main criteria for the senior citizens to get
the burgeoning economy. Districts are full benefits of Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana
prodded and encouraged to first catch up (RVY) scheme is that they must belong to
with the best district within their state, BPL family and should hold valid BPL
and subsequently aspire to become one of card issued by the concerned authority.
the best in the country, by competing with,
and learning from others in the spirit of  Salient features of the scheme
competitive & cooperative federalism.  Free of cost distribution of the devices,
 NITI Aayog works closely with the commensurate with the extent of
respective line Ministries and various disability/infirmity that is manifested
development partners to fast-track among the eligible senior citizens.
progress at the district level. The
 In case of multiple disabilities/infirmities
districts are also encouraged to develop
and replicate best practices that drive manifested in the same person, the
improvement across the socio-economic assistive devices will be given in respect
themes. The Aspirational Districts of each disability/impairment.
Programme essentially is aimed at  ArtiÞcial Limbs Manufacturing
localizing Sustainable Development Corporation (ALIMCO) will
Goals, leading to the progress of the undertake one year free maintenance
nation. of the aids & assisted living devices.
 The performance of the Aspirational  Beneficiaries in each district will be
Districts is available in the public domain
identified by the State Governments/UT
portal named “Champions of Change” at
Administrations through a Committee
championsofchange.gov.in
chaired by the Deputy Commissioner/
Topic: Government initiative District Collector.
Subtopic: Aspirational Districts  As far as possible, 30% of the beneficiaries
Programme in each district shall be women.
 The State Government/UT Administration/
94. Correct Option: (d) District Level Committee can also utilize
Explanation: the data of BPL beneficiaries receiving
Old Age Pension under the NSAP or
 All statements are correct. any other Scheme of the State/UT for
43
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
identification of senior citizens belonging  Improving the quality of education
to BPL category.
 Qualitative and sustainable employment
Topic: Government Scheme for tribal families
Subtopic: Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana  Bridging infrastructure gaps with focus
(RVY) on quality
 Protection of tribal culture and heritage
Topic: Government Welfare Scheme
Explanation:
Subtopic: Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana
 Both Statements are correct.
Family Courts Act, 1984 97. Correct Option: (d)
 The Act allows state governments to Explanation:
establish Family Courts.
 All Statements are correct.
 The central government is empowered
to notify dates for the Act to come Eklavya Model Residential School
into force in different states. (EMRS)
 The Family Courts Act, 1984 was  EMRS started in the year 1997-98 to
enacted for the establishment of impart quality education to ST children
Family Courts with a view to promote in remote areas in order to enable them
conciliation, and secure speedy to avail of opportunities in high and
settlement of disputes relating to professional educational courses and get
marriage and family affairs and for employment in various sectors.
related matters.
 The schools focus not only on academic
Topic: Judiciary education but on the all-round
Subtopic: Family Courts Act, 1984 development of the students. Each school
has a capacity of 480 students, catering to
students from Class VI to XII.
 Hitherto, grants were given for
Explanation:
construction of schools and recurring
 Option (a) is correct. expenses to the State Governments
Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana under Grants under Article 275 (1) of
the Constitution.
 The Government of India, Ministry of
Tribal Affairs has launched Vanbandhu  In order to give further impetus to EMRS,
Kalyan Yojana (VKY) for welfare of it has been decided that by the year
Tribals. VKY aims at creating enabling 2022, every block with more than 50%
environment for need based and outcome ST population and at least 20,000 tribal
oriented holistic development of the tribal persons, will have an EMRS. Eklavya
people. schools will be on par with Navodaya
Vidyalaya and will have special facilities
 This process envisages ensuring that all
the intended benefits of goods and services for preserving local art and culture
under various programmes/schemes of besides providing training in sports and
Central as well as State Governments skill development.
actually reach the target groups by  Across the country, as per census 2011
convergence of resources through figures, there are 564 such sub-districts
appropriate institutional mechanism. It out of which there is an EMRS in 102 sub-
covers all tribal people and all areas with districts. Thus, 462 new schools have to
tribal population across the country.
be opened by the year 2022.
Objectives
 Improving the quality of life in tribal
Subtopic: Eklavya Model Residential
areas
School (EMRS)
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 44
98. Correct Option: (d) to address the problem of malnutrition in
the country.
Explanation:
 The goals of POSHAN Abhiyaan are to
 Option (d) is correct. achieve improvement in nutritional status
POSHAN Abhiyaan of Children from 0-6 years, Adolescent
Girls, Pregnant Women and Lactating
 Government launched POSHAN Abhiyaan
Mothers, in a time bound manner with
(Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme
fixed targets as under:
for Holistic Nutrition) on 8th March 2018
S.No Objective Target
1. Prevent and reduce Stunting in children (0- 6 years) @ 2% p.a.
Prevent and reduce under-nutrition (underweight prevalence) in children

2. @ 2% p.a.
(0-6 years)
3. Reduce the prevalence of anaemia among young Children (6-59 months) @ 3% p.a.
Reduce the prevalence of anaemia among Women and Adolescent Girls in the
4. @ 3% p.a.
age group of 15-49 years
5. Reduce Low Birth Weight (LBW) @ 2% p.a.

Subtopic: POSHAN Abhiyaan
99. Correct Option: (c)  Central committee: The central

government will establish a Committee on
Explanation: Antarctic Governance and Environmental
 Both Statements are correct. Protection. The Committee will be chaired
by the Secretary of the Ministry of Earth
The Indian Antarctic Act, 2022
Sciences. 10 members, not below the rank
 The Act seeks to give effect to the of joint secretary, will be nominated from
Antarctic Treaty, the Convention on various Ministries and organisations such
the Conservation of Antarctic Marine as defence, external affairs, National
Living Resources, and the Protocol Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, and
on Environmental Protection to the National Security Council Secretariat.
Antarctic Treaty. It also seeks to protect In addition, two experts from Antarctic
the Antarctic environment and regulate environment and geo-political fields will
activities in the region. be nominated by the central government.
Key features of the Act include:  The functions of the Committee
include: (i) granting permits for various
 Applicability: The provisions of the Act
activities, (ii) implementing and ensuring
will apply to any person, vessel or aircraft
compliance of relevant international laws
that is a part of an Indian expedition to
for protection of Antarctic environment,
Antarctica under a permit issued under
(iii) obtaining and reviewing relevant
the Bill. Areas comprising of Antarctica
information provided by parties to the
include: (i) the continent of Antarctica,
Treaty, Convention, and Protocol, and
including its ice-shelves, and all areas
(iv) negotiating fees/charges with other
of the continental shelf adjacent to it,
parties for activities in Antarctica.
and (ii) all islands (including their ice-
shelves), seas, and air space south of 60°S  Need for permit: A permit by the
latitude. Committee or written authorisation from
another party to the Protocol (other than
45
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14
India) will be required for various activities Topic: Government Initiatives
such as: (i) an Indian expedition to enter
Subtopic: The Indian Antarctic Act, 2022
or remain in Antarctica, (ii) a person to
enter or remain in an Indian station
in Antarctica, (iii) a vessel or aircraft 100. Correct Option: (a)
registered in India to enter or remain in
Explanation:
Antarctica, (iv) a person or vessel to drill,
dredge or excavate for mineral resources,  Statement 2 is incorrect: RGSA enables
or collect samples of mineral resources, (v) Panchayats to function effectively to
activities which may harm native species, achieve SDGs and other development
and (vi) waste disposal by a person, vessel objectives that require significant
or aircraft in Antarctica. Capacity building efforts.
 Before a permit is granted by the Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA)
Committee, the applicant has to carry
 Hon’ble PM launched Rashtriya
out an environmental impact assessment
Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA), the
of the proposed activities. Moreover, a
‘Transformation of Aspirational
permit must not be granted unless a waste
Districts’ program aims to quickly
management plan has been prepared for
and effectively transform selected
the expedition by the Committee.
districts.
 Prohibited activities: The Bill prohibits
 These districts were selected on
certain activities in Antarctica including:
parameters like poverty, public
(i) nuclear explosion or disposal of
health, nutrition, education, gender,
radioactive wastes, (ii) introduction of
sanitation, drinking water, livelihood
non-sterile soil, and (iii) discharge of
generation which are in sync with
garbage, plastic or other substance into
SDGs and fall within the realm of
the sea which is harmful to the marine
Panchayats.
environment.
 RGSA is proposed to be implemented as
 Offences and penalties: The Bill
a core Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS)
specifies penalties for contravention of
for four years viz., from 2018-19 to 2021-
its provisions. For instance, conducting
22 with State and Central shares.
a nuclear explosion in Antarctica will
be punishable with an imprisonment  The sharing ratio for the State components
of 20 years which may extend to life will be in the ratio of 60:40 except NE
imprisonment and a fine of at least Rs and Hilly States, where the Central and
50 crore. Drilling for mineral resources State Ratio will be 90:10. For all UTs,
or introducing non-native animals or the Central share will be 100%. RGSA
plants in Antarctica without a permit will enables Panchayats to function
be punishable with imprisonment up to effectively to achieve SDGs and other
seven years and a fine between Rs 10 lakh development objectives that require
and Rs 50 lakh. The central government significant Capacity building efforts.
may notify one or more Sessions Courts
Topic: Government Initiatives
to be the Designated Court under the Bill
and specify its territorial jurisdiction to Subtopic: Rashtriya Gram Swaraj
try offences punishable under the Bill. Abhiyan (RGSA)

PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/14 46
Test No.
IAS Prelims - 2023

15
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
lkekU; vè;;u
jktO;oLFkk vkSj 'kklu

Answer Key
Q. 1 (a) Q. 26 (a) Q. 51 (c) Q. 76 (b)

Q. 2 (b) Q. 27 (c) Q. 52 (a) Q. 77 (b)
Q. 3 (d) Q. 28 (c) Q. 53 (b) Q. 78 (c)
Q. 4 (d) Q. 29 (c) Q. 54 (c) Q. 79 (b)
Q. 5 (c) Q. 30 (b) Q. 55 (c) Q. 80 (b)
Q. 6 (b) Q. 31 (d) Q. 56 (c) Q. 81 (c)
Q. 7 (b) Q. 32 (c) Q. 57 (c) Q. 82 (d)
Q. 8 (c) Q. 33 (b) Q. 58 (d) Q. 83 (c)
Q. 9 (d) Q. 34 (c) Q. 59 (d) Q. 84 (b)
Q. 10 (d) Q. 35 (b) Q. 60 (b) Q. 85 (d)
Q. 11 (d) Q. 36 (a) Q. 61 (d) Q. 86 (c)
Q. 12 (d) Q. 37 (b) Q. 62 (d) Q. 87 (c)
Q. 13 (c) Q. 38 (a) Q. 63 (d) Q. 88 (c)
Q. 14 (c) Q. 39 (d) Q. 64 (c) Q. 89 (a)
Q. 15 (a) Q. 40 (b) Q. 65 (a) Q. 90 (c)
Q. 16 (b) Q. 41 (c) Q. 66 (c) Q. 91 (b)
Q. 17 (b) Q. 42 (c) Q. 67 (d) Q. 92 (c)
Q. 18 (d) Q. 43 (b) Q. 68 (b) Q. 93 (d)
Q. 19 (c) Q. 44 (a) Q. 69 (c) Q. 94 (d)
Q. 20 (a) Q. 45 (c) Q. 70 (d) Q. 95 (d)
Q. 21 (b) Q. 46 (c) Q. 71 (b) Q. 96 (a)
Q. 22 (c) Q. 47 (b) Q. 72 (b) Q. 97 (d)
Q. 23 (b) Q. 48 (a) Q. 73 (b) Q. 98 (d)
Q. 24 (d) Q. 49 (d) Q. 74 (a) Q. 99 (c)
Q. 25 (d) Q. 50 (c) Q. 75 (a) Q. 100 (a)
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
1. lgh fodYi% (a) ftruh tYnh gks lds] vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gSA bl
çdkj fuokZfpr O;fä vius dk;kZy; esa ços'k djus
O;k[;k%
dh frfFk ls 5 o"kZ dh iw.kZ vof/k ds fy, in /kkj.k
●● d
Fku 3 xyr gS% Hkkjr dk jk"Vªifr laln ds fdlh Hkh djus dk gdnkj gksrk gSA
lnu dk lnL; ugÈ gS vkSj laln dh cSBdksa esa Hkkx
●● mijk"Vªifr dk pquko ,d fuokZpd eaMy }kjk fd;k
ysus ds fy, ugÈ cSBrk gSA
tkrk gS ftlesa laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ds lnL;
Hkkjr dh laln 'kkfey gksrs gSaA blds foijhr] Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr dk
pquko ,d fuokZpd eaMy ds lnL;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk
●● j kT; lHkk] mPp lnu (nwljk lnu ;k ofj"Bksa dk gS] ftlesa (a) laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ds fuokZfpr
lnu) gS vkSj yksdlHkk fupyk lnu (igyk lnu lnL; vkSj (b) jkT;ksa dh fo/kku lHkkvksa ds fuokZfpr
;k yksdfç; lnu) gSA lnL; 'kkfey gksrs gSa ¼jk"Vªh; jkt/kkuh {ks=] fnYyh
●● j kT;lHkk] Hkkjrh; la?k ds jkT;ksa vkSj la?k jkT; {ks=ksa vkSj dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k] iqMqpsjh½A
dk çfrfufèkRo djrh gS] tcfd yksdlHkk lexz :i ●● m i&jk"Vªifr ds :i esa fdlh O;fä ds pquko dks bl
ls Hkkjr dh turk dk çfrfufèkRo djrh gSA vkèkkj ij pqukSrh ugÈ nh tk ldrh gS fd fuokZpd
●● ; |fi Hkkjr dk jk"Vªifr laln ds fdlh Hkh lnu dk eaMy vèkwjk Fkk (;kuh] fuokZpd eaMy ds lnL;ksa ds
lnL; ugÈ gksrk gS vkSj laln dh cSBdksa esa Hkkx ysus chp dksÃ fjfä Fkh)A
RE
ds fy, ugÈ cSBrk gS] ysfdu og laln dk vfHkUu fo"k;% Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr
vax gksrk gSA mifo"k;% Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr dk pquko
fo"k;% Hkkjrh; laln
mifo"k;% lalnh; ç.kkyh 3. lgh fodYi% (d)
O;k[;k%
2. lgh fodYi% (b)
O
●● fodYi (d) lgh gSA
O;k[;k%
jk"Vªifr&ljdkj :i
●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% gkykafd jk"Vªifr vkSj mijk"Vªifr
●● l
jdkj dk jk"Vªifr&ljdkj :i esa turk dk
SC
nksuksa ds fy, pquko dk rjhdk leku gS] fuokZpd
eaMy vyx&vyx gSaA çfrfufèkRo ladh.kZ gksrk gSA
●● l
jdkj ds lalnh; :i esa turk dk çfrfufèkRo
mijk"Vªifr pquko O;kid gksrk gS vkSj blfy, gekjs lafoèkku ds
●● ,d O;fä mijk"Vªifr ds :i esa rc rd fuokZfpr fuekZrkvksa us bls viuk-gSA ,d ckj dk p;u gksus ds
ugha gks ldrk tc rd fd og & ckn og vxys pquko rd fdlh ikVÊ ds leFkZu ds
♦♦ Hkkjr dk ukxfjd gS; lkFk@fcuk 'kklu dj ldrk gSA blfy, ;g fLFkj
GS
ljdkj gksrh gSA

♦♦ 35 o"kZ dh vk;q iwjh dj yh gS] vkSj
●● ' kfä;ksa ds i`Fkôj.k dk fl)kar jk"Vªifr ç.kkyh dk
♦♦ jkT;ksa dh ifj"kn ¼jkT; lHkk½ ds lnL; ds :i vkèkkj gSA mnkgj.k% la;qä jkT; vesfjdk esa jk"Vªifr
esa pquko ds fy, ;ksX; gS] ;kuh og Hkkjr dk }kjk turk ds çfrfufèk;ksa ds lnu ;kuh dkaxzsl ds
ukxfjd gksuk pkfg,] 30 o"kZ dh vk;q dk gksuk fupys lnu dks Hkax ugÈ fd;k tk ldrkA
pkfg, vkSj ml jkT; ;k dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k esa
lalnh; fuokZpu {ks= dk fuokZpd gksuk pkfg,] ●● j k"Vªifr&ljdkj esa Hkh ,dy dk;Zdkjh gksrk
ftlds fy, og fuokZfpr gksuk@çfrfuf/kRo gS] xSj&ftEesnkjh laHko gks ldrh gS] jktuhfrd
,d:irk dk vHkko gks ldrk gS] ,dy lnL;rk
djuk pkgrk gSA
gksrh gS] vkSj jk"Vªifr dk opZLo ds vfHky{k.k gksrs
●● dksbZ O;fä ik= ugha gS ;fn og Hkkjr ljdkj ;k gSaA
fdlh jkT; ljdkj ;k fdlh v/khuLFk LFkkuh;
fo"k;% ljdkj ds çdkj
çkf/kdj.k ds rgr fdlh ykHk ds in ij gSA
mifo"k;% jk"Vªifr ljdkj
●● mijk"Vªifr ds dk;Zdky dh lekfIr ds dkj.k gqbZ
fjfä dks Hkjus ds fy, pquko dk;Zdky dh lekfIr 4. lgh fodYi% (d)
ls igys iwjk gks tkrk gSA ;fn e`R;q] R;kxi= ;k
fu"dklu ;k vU; dkj.kksa ls dksbZ fjfä mRiUu gksrh O;k[;k%
gS] rks ml fjfä dks Hkjus ds fy, pquko gksus ds ckn ●● lHkh dFku lgh gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 2
Hkkjr esa pquko 6. lgh fodYi% (b)
●● l
aln vkSj jkT; foèkkueaMy nksuksa ds pquko ds fy, O;k[;k%
çR;sd {ks=h; fuokZpu {ks= ds fy, dsoy ,d lkekU;
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% dsaæh; lrdZrk vk;ksx ewy :i ls
ernkrk lwph gksrh gSA
u rks laoSèkkfud fudk; Fkk vkSj u gh ,d oSèkkfud
●● f uokZpu {ks=ksa ds ifjlheu ls lacafèkr fdlh Hkh dkuwu fudk;A ckn esa] 2003 esa] laln us dsaæh; lrdZrk
dh oSèkrk ij fdlh Hkh U;k;ky; esa ç'u ugÈ mBk;k vk;ksx dks oSèkkfud ntkZ çnku djus okyk dkuwu
tk ldrk gSA cuk;kA
●● v
uqPNsn 327 ;k vuqPNsn 328 ds varxZr fuokZpu
{ks=ksa ds ifjlheu ;k ,sls fuokZpu {ks=ksa ds fy, lhVksa dsaæh; lrdZrk vk;ksx
ds vkoaVu ds lacaèk esa cuk, x, ;k rnFkZ mís'; ●● d
saæh; lrdZrk vk;ksx% bldh LFkkiuk dh vuq'kalk
j[kus okys fdlh Hkh dkuwu dh oSèkrk ij fdlh Hkh Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k ij cuh laFkkue lfefr us dh
U;k;ky; esa ç'u ugÈ mBk; tk,xkA FkhA
●● t
uçfrfufèkRo (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 1966 ds çkoèkku ●● e wy :i ls dsaæh; lrdZrk vk;ksx u rks laoSèkkfud
ds vuqlkj pquko ;kfpdkvksa ij mPp U;k;ky; esa fudk; Fkk vkSj u gh oSèkkfud fudk;A ckn esa] 2003
lquokÃ dh tk ldrh gSA esa] laln us dsaæh; lrdZrk vk;ksx dks oSèkkfud ntkZ
çnku djus okyk dkuwu cuk;kA
RE
●● pquko ;kfpdk,a ml fo'ks"k jkT; ds mPp U;k;ky; esa
nk;j dh tkrh gSa ftlesa pquko vk;ksftr fd;k x;k ●● d
saæh; lrdZrk vk;ksx ,d cgq&lnL;h; fudk; gS
FkkA blfy,] dsoy mPp U;k;ky;ksa ds ikl pquko ftlesa ,d dsaæh; lrdZrk vk;qä (vè;{k) gksrk gS
;kfpdkvksa ij fu.kZ; ysus dk ewy vf/kdkj {ks= gSA vkSj vfèkdre nks lrdZrk vk;qä gksrs gSaA
bl rjg ds vf/kdkj {ks= dk ç;ksx vkerkSj ij mPp ●● d saæh; lrdZrk vk;ksx dks gj o"kZ jk"Vªifr dks vius
U;k;ky; ds ,dy U;k;k/kh'k }kjk fd;k tk,xk vkSj çn'kZu ij fjiksVZ çLrqr djuh gksrh gSA jk"Vªifr bl
O
eq[; U;k;k/kh'k le;≤ ij ml mís'; ds fy,
,d ;k vf/kd U;k;k/kh'kksa dks fu;qä djrs gSaA
fjiksVZ dks laln ds çR;sd lnu ds le{k j[krk gSA
fo"k;% laoSèkkfud vkSj xSj&laoSèkkfud fudk;
fo"k;% pquko mifo"k;% dsaæh; lrdZrk vk;ksx
mifo"k;% Hkkjr esa pquko
SC
7. lgh fodYi% (b)
5. lgh fodYi% (c)
O;k[;k%
O;k[;k% ●● fodYi (b)
●● fodYi (c) lgh
jkT; dh uhfr ds funsZ'kd rRoksa esa leku ukxfjd lafgrk
Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh ●● l
afoèkku vuqPNsn 44 lHkh Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, leku
GS
●● l
afoèkku (vuqPNsn 76) esa Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh ds ukxfjd lafgrk dh ppkZ djrk gSA
in dh O;oLFkk dh xÃ gSA og ns'k dk loksZPp ●● l eku ukxfjd lafgrk ij Hkkjr esa cgl py jgh gSA
fofèk vfèkdkjh gksrk gSA Hkkjr dk fu;a=d ,oa leku ukxfjd lafgrk dk vfèkns'k Hkkjr esa çR;sd
egkys[kkijh{kd ns'k dk loksZPp fofèk vfèkdkjh ugÈ çeq[k èkkÆed leqnk; ds èkeZxzaFkksa vkSj jhfr&fjoktksa
gksrk gSA ij vkèkkfjr O;fäxr dkuwuksa dks çfrLFkkfir djds
●● e gkU;k;oknh (AG) dh fu;qfä jk"Vªifr }kjk dh çR;sr ukxfjd dks fu;af=r djus okys lkekU; fu;eksa
tkrh gSA og ,slk O;fä gksuk pkfg, tks loksZPp dh LFkkiuk djuk gSA
U;k;ky; dk U;k;kèkh'k fu;qä gksus ;ksX; gksA fo"k;% jkT; dh uhfr ds funsZ'kd rRo
●● e gkU;k;oknh (AG) ds in dk dk;Zdky lafoèkku mifo"k;% leku ukxfjd lafgrk
}kjk fuèkkZfjr ugÈ gksrk gSA blds vykok] lafoèkku
esa mls gVkus dh çfØ;k vkSj vkèkkj ugÈ gSaA mPp 8. lgh fodYi% (c)
U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'k dks gVkus dh çfØ;k lafoèkku
O;k[;k%
esa nh xÃ gSA egkU;k;oknh jk"Vªifr dh bPNki;±r
in èkkj.k djrk gSA ●● fodYi (c) lgh gSA
fo"k;% Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh iqufoZpkj ;kfpdk
mifo"k;% Hkkjr ds egkU;k;oknh ds fy, laoSèkkfud ●● Hkkjr ds lafo/kku dk vuqPNsn 137 loksZPp U;k;ky;
çkoèkku dks vius fdlh Hkh fu.kZ; ;k vkns'k dh iqufoZpkj
3 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
djus dh 'kfä çnku djrk gSA gkykafd ;g 'kfä ij çR;sd mipkjkRed ;kfpdk dk fu.kZ; fy;k tkrk
loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk vuqPNsn 145 ds rgr cuk, gSA uSlfxZd U;k; dk] vkSj ;g fd vkns'k ikfjr
x, fu;eksa ds lkFk&lkFk laln }kjk vf/kfu;fer djus ls igys U;k;ky; }kjk mldh ckr ugha lquh
fdlh Hkh dkuwu ds çko/kkuksa ds v/khu gSA blds xbZA ;g Hkh Lohdkj fd;k tk,xk tgka ,d U;k;k/
vykok] lqçhe dksVZ ds fu;e] 2013 ds vuqlkj] kh'k iwokZxzg dh vk'kadk c<+kus okys rF;ksa dk [kqyklk
iqufoZpkj ;kfpdk ml fu.kZ; ;k vkns'k ls 30 fnuksa djus esa foQy jgkA
ds Hkhrj nk;j dh tkuh pkfg, ftldh iqufoZpkj dh ●● mipkjkRed ;kfpdk ds lkFk ,d ofj"B vf/koäk
ekax dh xbZ gS vkSj mlh csap ds le{k j[kh tkuh }kjk çek.khdj.k gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa bls Lohdkj
pkfg, ftlus fu.kZ; fn;k FkkA djus ds fy, i;kZIr vk/kkj crk, x, gksaA bls igys
●● iqufoZpkj ;kfpdk dk mís'; ,d Li"V =qfV ;k rhu ofj"Bre U;k;k/kh'kksa dh ihB vkSj lacaf/kr fu.kZ;
ifj.kkeh xaHkhj vU;k; dks nwj djus rd lhfer gS ikfjr djus okys U;k;k/kh'kksa] ;fn miyC/k gks] dks
tks loksZPp U;k;ky; ds ,d fu.kZ; dk ifj.kke jgk ifjpkfyr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A dsoy tc vf/kdka'k
gSA U;k;ky; bl çdkj mu ekeyksa dh iqufoZpkj U;k;k/kh'k ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyrs gSa fd ekeys dks
djus dh 'kfä ds ç;ksx esa çfrcaf/kr gS tgka fjd‚MZ lquokbZ dh vko';drk gS] rks bls ;FkklaHko mlh ihB
¼vkijkf/kd ekeyksa½ esa Li"V =qfV gS ;k ukxfjd ds le{k lwphc) fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
çfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 ds vkns'k XLVII ds çko/kkuksa
●● fdlh Hkh Lrj ij [kaMihB }kjk ;kfpdk ds fcuk
RE
ds vuqlkjA
fdlh ;ksX;rk vkSj rax djus okyh gksus dh fLFkfr esa]
●● dksbZ i{k U;k;ky; }kjk fn, x, fu.kZ; ds iqufoZpkj ;g ;kfpdkdrkZ ij vuqdj.kh; ykxr yxk ldrh
ds fy, dsoy ,d iwokZH;kl vkSj ekeys esa ,d u, gSA
fu.kZ; ds ç;kstu ds fy, gdnkj ugha gSA vke rkSj
fo"k;% U;k;ikfydk
ij fl)kar ;g gS fd U;k;ky; }kjk lquk;k x;k
mifo"k;% iqufoZpkj vkSj mipkjkRed ;kfpdk,a
fu.kZ; vafre gksrk gS vkSj ml fl)kar ls çLFkku
O
dsoy rHkh mfpr gksrk gS tc i;kZIr vkSj ck/;dkjh
9. lgh fodYi% (d)
pfj= dh ifjfLFkfr;ka ,slk djuk vko';d cukrh
gSaA ;fn ewy lquokbZ ds nkSjku U;k;ky; dk /;ku O;k[;k%
SC
fdlh egRoiw.kZ oS/kkfud çko/kku dh vksj vkdf"kZr ●● fodYi (d) lgh gSA
ugha gksrk gS rks U;k;ky; vius fu.kZ; dh leh{kk
djsxkA U;k;ky; vius QSlys dks fQj ls foo`r dj laoS/kkfud csap
ldrk gS ;fn dksbZ O;ä xyr gqvk gks vkSj iw.kZ ●● lafo/kku dk vuqPNsn 145¼3½ bls Li"V djrk gSA ;g
vkSj çHkkoh U;k; djus ds fy, vkns'k ikfjr djuk dgrk gS fd ^fdlh Hkh ekeys esa lafo/kku dh O;k[;k
vko';d gks A ds :i esa dkuwu dk ,d cM+k loky 'kkfey gS*
●● vius Lo;a ds fu.kZ;ksa ds iqufoZpkj djus dh 'kfä de ls de ikap U;k;k/kh'kksa dh ihB }kjk r; fd;k
GS
loksZPp U;k;ky; dh varfuZfgr 'kfä ugha gS] cfYd tkuk pkfg,A ,slh csap dks lafo/kku ihB dgk tkrk
U;k;ikfydk dh loksZPp laLFkk dh pwd ds f[kykQ gSA blesa lqçhe dksVZ ds ikap ;k vf/kd tt gksaxsA
,d lqj{kkRed mik; gS rkfd U;k; çnku djuk Hkkjr esa] ;s csap vLFkk;h gSa vkSj ,d ckj dkuwuh ç'u
lqfuf'pr fd;k tk ldsA blfy, bls lhfer rjhds ;k eqís dk fuiVkjk gks tkus ds ckn Hkax dj fn;k
ls ç;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A tkrk gSA
mipkjkRed ;kfpdk ●● orZeku esa] ,slh pkj fLFkfr;k¡ gSa tc ,slh csap dk
xBu fd;k tk ldrk gSA
●● vafre ltk ds f[kykQ iqufoZpkj ;kfpdk [kkfjt
gksus ds ckn] mipkjkRed ;kfpdk nk;j dh tk ♦♦ igyk] ;fn fdlh ekeys esa lafo/kku dh
ldrh gSA bldk mís'; ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd O;k[;k ls lacaf/kr "dkuwu dk i;kZIr ç'u"
U;k; dk guu u gks vkSj çfØ;k ds nq#i;ksx dks 'kkfey gSA
jksdk tk ldsA mipkjkRed ;kfpdk ij vke rkSj ij ♦♦ nwljk] vxj jk"Vªifr dkuwu ;k rF; ij
U;k;k/kh'kksa }kjk d{k esa fu.kZ; fy;k tkrk gS] tc lqçhe dksVZ dh jk; ekaxrs gSa rks ,d csap
rd fd ,d [kqyh vnkyr dh lquokbZ ds fy, ,d dk xBu fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl ekeys esa]
fof'k"V vuqjks/k dh vuqefr ugha nh tkrh gSA gkykafd] 'kh"kZ vnkyr dk QSlyk jk"Vªifr
●● :ik v'kksd gqjkZ cuke v'kksd gqjkZ vkSj vU;] 2002 ds fy, ck/;dkjh ugha gS] vkSj os vyx
esa mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk fu/kkZfjr fl)karksa ds vk/kkj n`f"Vdks.k j[k ldrs gSaA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 4
♦♦ rhljk] ,d lafo/kku ihB dk xBu rc fd;k gks ldrk gS ;k dsoy fuf'pr ekunaMksa ;k fl)karksa
tk ldrk gS tc ,d gh eqís ij nks&U;k;k/ dk ,d lsV gks ldrk gS ftls vkerkSj ij jktuhfr
kh'kksa dh ihB vkSj ckn esa rhu&U;k;k/kh'kksa ds ekSfyd dkuwu ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gS
dh [kaMihB ijLij fojks/kh fu.kZ; nsrh gSA & tks çHkkoh :i ls jktuhfrd 'kfä ds ç;ksx dks
♦♦ var esa] bldk xBu fd;k tk ldrk gS fu;af=r djrk gSA
;fn rhu&U;k;k/kh'kksa dh ihB fdlh eqís ij ●● laoS/kkfudrk dk lkj dbZ jkT; vaxksa ;k dk;kZy;ksa ds
fiNyh rhu&U;k;k/kh'kksa dh ihB }kjk fn, chp blds forj.k }kjk 'kfä dk fu;a=.k bl rjg
x, fu.kZ; ls vyx fu.kZ; nsrh gSA
ls gS fd os çR;sd ikjLifjd fu;a=.k ds v/khu gSa
●● U;k;ikfydk us vc rd ;g fu/kkZfjr ugha fd;k gS vkSj jkT; dh bPNk dks rS;kj djus esa lg;ksx djus
fd ^dkuwu ds i;kZIr ç'u* D;k gSa tks ^laoS/kkfud ds fy, etcwj gSaA
O;k[;k dks 'kkfey djrs gSa^A
fo"k;% lafo/kku dh fo'ks"krk,a
●● ,d cM+h ihB] gkykafd] ikap&U;k;k/kh'kksa dh mifo"k;% laoS/kkfud ljdkj dk vFkZ
lafo/kku ihB ds QSlys dks jí dj ldrh gSA ysfdu
blls igys] ikap ttksa dh csap dks ;dhu gks tkuk
11. lgh fodYi% (d)
pkfg, fd fiNyk vkns'k xyr Fkk] ftlds ckn og
bl ekeys dks lkr ttksa dh cM+h csap dks jsQj dj O;k[;k%
RE
ldrh gSA
●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% u, jkT;ksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, dsoy
●● Hkkjr esa] Mh okbZ paæpwM+ 21 lafo/kku ihBksa dk fgLlk lkèkkj.k cgqer dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
jgs gSa] tks ns'k esa lcls vf/kd gSA muds ckn tfLVl
,,e [kkufoydj vkSj v'kksd Hkw"k.k Øe'k% 15 vkSj ●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% foèks;dksa dks laln ds fdlh Hkh lnu
10 csap gSaA esa çLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
●● lqçhe dksVZ esa lafo/kku ihB ,d fu;fer ekeyk ugha u, jkT;ksa ds xBu dh çfØ;k
O
gS D;ksafd vf/kdka'k ekeys nks ;k rhu&U;k;k/kh'kksa
dh [kaMihB ds le{k lwphc) gksrs gSa] ftls [kaMihB ●● H kkjr dh laln lkèkkj.k cgqer ls ikfjr dkuwu }kjk
dgk tkrk gSA dkuwuh çko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj] ,d lafo/ u, jkT;ksa dk xBu dj ldrh gS( ekStwnk jkT;ksa ds
kku ihB esa de ls de ikap U;k;k/kh'k gksrs gSa vkSj {ks=] lhekvksa ;k ukeksa esa ifjorZu dj ldrh gSA
SC
la[;k lkr] ukS vkSj blh rjg fo"ke la[;k rd tk ●● u , jkT;ksa ds xBu ;k ekStwnk jkT;ksa dh lhekvksa
ldrh gSA
;k ukeksa esa ifjorZu ds foèks;dksa dks dsoy Hkkjr ds
●● Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh'k] tks jksLVj ds ekLVj Hkh gSa] jk"Vªifr dh vuq'kalk ij laln ds fdlh Hkh lnu
;g r; djrs gSa fd lafo/kku ihB }kjk fdu ekeyksa (yksdlHkk ;k jkT;lHkk) esa çLrqr fd;k tk,xkA
dh lquokbZ dh tk,xh] ihB ij U;k;k/kh'kksa dh la[;k
vkSj ;gka rd fd bldh lajpuk HkhA tcfd dksbZ ●● H kkjr ds jk"Vªifr] laln esa foèks;d çLrqr djus ls
igys] bls ,d fuÆn"V le; lhek ds Hkhrj viuh
GS
Li"V fn'kkfunsZ'k ugha gSa] ,dek= foosd CJI ds

ikl gSA lafo/kku ihB dk fgLlk cuuk CJI ds fy, jk; O;ä ds fy, lacafèkr jkT; foèkkueaMy ds ikl
ck/;dkjh ugha gSA HkstsaxsA
●● vkt rd] ds'kokuan Hkkjrh cuke dsjy jkT; ekeys ●● ;
fn jkT; foèkkueaMy fuÆn"V le; lhek ds Hkhrj
esa 13 U;k;k/kh'kksa okyh lcls cM+h lafo/kku ihB Fkh] viuh jk; ugÈ nsrk gS] rks le; lhek c<+kÃ tk
ftldh v/;{krk rRdkyhu lhtsvkbZ ,l ,e lhdjh ldrh gSA
dj jgs FksA
♦♦ jk; u vkus ij Hkh foèks;d çLrqr fd;k tk
fo"k;% U;k;ikfydk
ldrk gSA
mifo"k;% laoS/kkfud csap
♦♦ laln jkT; foèkkueaMy ds fopkjksa dks Lohdkj
10. lgh fodYi% (d) djus ;k mu ij dk;Z djus ds fy, ckè; ugÈ
gSA
O;k[;k%
♦♦ fuÆn"V le; lhek ds Hkhrj viuh jk; ds fy,
●● fodYi (d) lgh gSA
jkT; foèkkueaMy dks u, fljs ls lanHkZ nsuk
laoS/kkfud ljdkj vko';d ugÈ gSA
●● laoS/kkfud ljdkj dks ,d lafo/kku ds vfLrRo }kjk fo"k;% jkT; vkSj la?k jkT; {ks=
ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS & tks ,d dkuwuh lk/ku u, jkT;ksa ds xBu dh çfØ;k
5 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
12. lgh fodYi% (d) ●● o g fdlh jkT; ds [kkrksa ls lacafèkr viuh ys[kk
ijh{kk fjiksVZ jkT;iky dks çLrqr djrk gS] tks fQj
O;k[;k%
mUgsa jkT; foèkkueaMy ds le{k j[krk gS (vuqPNsn
●● lHkh dFku lgh gSaA 151)A
Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd (CAG) ds drZO; ●● o g fdlh dj ;k 'kqYd dh fuoy çkfIr dk irk
vkSj dk;Z yxkrk gS vkSj çekf.kr djrk gS (vuqPNsn 279)A
mldk çek.ki= vafre gksrk gSA *fuoy çkfIr* dk
●● o g Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk] çR;sd jkT; dh lafpr vFkZ fdlh dj ;k 'kqYd dh çkfIr;ksa esa ls laxzg dh
fufèk vkSj foèkku lHkk okys çR;sd la?k jkT; {ks= ykxr dks ?kVkus ij vkus okyk ifj.kke gksrk gSA
dh lesfdr fufèk ls gksus okys lHkh O;;ksa ls lacafèkr
[kkrksa dk ys[kk ijh{k.k djrk gSA ●● o g laln dh yksd ys[kk lfefr ds ekxZn'kZd] fe=
vkSj nk'kZfud ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA
●● o g Hkkjr dh vkdfLedrk fufèk vkSj Hkkjr ds yksd
ys[kk ds lkFk&lkFk çR;sd jkT; dh vkdfLedrk ●● o g jkT; ljdkjksa ds [kkrksa dk ladyu vkSj j[kj[kko
fufèk vkSj çR;sd jkT; ds lkoZtfud [kkrs ls gksus djrk gSA 1976 esa] [kkrksa dks ys[kkijh{kk ls i`Fkd
okys lHkh O;; dk ys[kk ijh{k.k djrk gSA fd, tkus ;kuh [kkrksa ds foHkkxhdj.k ds dkj.k mls
dsaæ ljdkj ds [kkrksa ds ladyu vkSj j[kj[kko ds
●● o g dsaæ ljdkj vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa ds fdlh Hkh
RE
lacaèk esa viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa ls eqä dj fn;k x;k
foHkkx }kjk èkkj.k fd, x, lHkh O;kikj] fuekZ.k] ykHk FkkA
vkSj gkfu [kkrksa] cSysal 'khV vkSj vU; lgk;d [kkrksa
dk ys[kk ijh{k.k djrk gSA ●● o g iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa vkSj 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa
ds [kkrksa dh ys[kk ijh{kk djrk gS ysfdu jkT;
●● o g Lo;a dks bl fo"k; esa larq"V djus ds fy, dsaæ ljdkj dh vuqefr lsA
vkSj çR;sd jkT; dh çkfIr;ksa vkSj O;; dk v‚fMV
fo"k;% Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd (CAG)
O
djrk gS fd fd jktLo ds ewY;kadu] laxzg vkSj
mifo"k;% Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd (CAG)
mfpr vkoaVu ij çHkkoh tkap lqfuf'pr djus ds
fy, fu;e vkSj çfØ;k,a rS;kj dh xÃ gSaA ds drZO; vkSj dk;Z
●● o g fuEufyf[kr dh çkfIr;ksa vkSj O;; dk ys[k 13. lgh fodYi% (c)

SC
ijh{k.k djrk gS%
●● d
saæ ;k jkT; ds jktLo ls i;kZIr :i ls foÙkiksf"kr
O;k[;k%
lHkh fudk; vkSj çkfèkdj.kA ●● dFku 1 lgh gS: bldk vFkZ ml fLFkfr ls gS ftlesa
jkT; ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh ukxfjd dkuwu }kjk 'kkflr
ljdkjh daifu;ka% gksrs gSaA
●● v
U; fuxe vkSj fudk;] tc lacafèkr dkuwuksa }kjk ●● dFku 2 xyr gS: dkuwu ds le{k lekurk dkuwu ds
GS
vko';d gksA 'kklu dk ,d rRo gSA dkuwu ds le{k leku volj

●● o g _.k] _.k 'kksèku fufèk;ksa] tek] vfxze] mpar forj.kkRed U;k; dk rRo gSA
[kkrksa (lLisal [kkrksa) vkSj çs"k.k O;olk; ls lacafèkr ●● dFku 3 lgh gS: fczfV'k O;oLFkk ds foijhr O;fä ds
dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa ds lHkh ysu&nsuksa dk ys[kk vf/kdkjksa dh ç/kkurk lafo/kku ls Åij ugha gS] ftlesa
ijh{k.k djrk gSA og jk"Vªifr ds vuqeksnu ls ;k lafo/kku O;fä;ksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk ifj.kke gSA
jk"Vªifr }kjk vko';d gksus ij çkfIr;ksa] LV‚d [kkrksa fo"k;% lafo/kku dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a
vkSj vU; [kkrksa dk Hkh ys[kk ijh{k.k djrk gSA mifo"k;% dkuwu dk 'kklu
●● j k"Vªifr ;k jkT;iky }kjk vuqjksèk fd, tkus ij
og fdlh vU; çkfèkdj.k ds [kkrksa dk ys[kk ijh{k.k 14. lgh fodYi% (c)
djrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dh
ys[kkijh{kkA O;k[;k%
●● o g jk"Vªifr dks lykg nsrk gS fd dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa ds ●● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA
[kkrksa dks fdl :i esa j[kk tk,xk (vuqPNsn 150)A Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh ewy lajpuk
●● o g dsaæ ds [kkrksa ls lacafèkr viuh ys[kk ijh{kk fjiksVZ ●● 1 973 esa loksZPp U;k;ky; us ,d ,slk fu.kZ; fn;k
jk"Vªifr dks çLrqr djrk gS] tks fQj mUgsa laln ds tks rc ls laln vkSj U;k;ikfydk ds chp lacaèkksa dks
nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k j[ksaxs (vuqPNsn 151)A fofu;fer djus esa cgqr egRoiw.kZ gks x;k gSA ;g
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 6
ekeyk ds'kokuan Hkkjrh ekeys ds uke ls çfl) gSA ●● j kT;lHkk dk lHkkifr la;qä cSBd dh vè;{krk ugÈ
bl ekeys esa] U;k;ky; us fu.kZ; lquk;k fd lafoèkku djrk gS D;ksafd og laln ds fdlh Hkh lnu dk
dh ,d ewy lajpuk gSA lnL; ugÈ gksrk gSA
●● b lus lafoèkku esa la'kksèku djus ds laln ds vfèkdkj
dk;Z&lapkyu%
ij fof'k"V lhek,a fuèkkZfjr dh gSaA
●● l
a;qä cSBd yksd lHkk ds çfØ;k fu;eksa }kjk 'kkflr
●● d ksÃ Hkh] ;gka rd fd laln Hkh (la'kksèku ds ekè;e
gksrh gS u fd jkT; lHkk dsA
ls) ewy lajpuk (cqfu;knk <kaps) dk mYya?ku ugÈ dj
ldrh gSA ●● l
a;qä cSBd xfBr djus ds fy, x.kiwÆr (dksje)
nksuksa lnuksa ds lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k dk nloka
fo"k;% Hkkjrh; lafoèkku
fgLlk gksrh gSA
mi&fo"k;% Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh ewy lajpuk
●● f oèks;dksa dks mifLFkr vkSj ernku djus okys dqy
15. lgh fodYi% (a) lnL;ksa ds lkèkkj.k cgqer ls ikfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
,sls ekeys esa foèks;d dks laln ds nksuksa lnuksa }kjk
O;k[;k% ikfjr le>k tk,xkA
●● dFku 3 lgh gS% jkT; lHkk dk vè;{k la;qä cSBd dh ●● g kyk¡fd] lnu dh la;qä cSBd ds ekeys esa] foèks;d
vè;{krk ugÈ djrk gS D;ksafd og laln ds fdlh Hkh
RE
esa u, la'kksèkuksa dks çLrkfor ugÈ fd;k tk ldrk gS]
lnu dk lnL; ugÈ gksrk gSA dsoy ,sls la'kksèkuksa dks gh çLrkfor fd;k tk ldrk
gS ftUgsa ,d lnu }kjk lgefr nh xÃ gks vkSj
laln dh la;qä cSBd
nwljs }kjk vLohdkj dj fn;k x;k gksA dsoy mUgÈ
●● l
afoèkku ds vuqPNsn 108 ds vuqlkj] fuEufyf[kr la'kksèkuksa dks lnu esa çLrkfor fd;k tk ldrk gS tks
fLFkfr;ksa esa laln dk la;qä l= vkgwr fd;k tk vlgefr ds ekeys ds fy, çklafxd gksaA la'kksèkuksa
ldrk gS%
●● ;
O
fn ,d lnu }kjk foèks;d ikfjr dj fn;k x;k gks
dh Lohdk;Zrk ds lacaèk esa ihBklhu vfèkdkjh dk
fu.kZ; vafre gksxkA
vkSj nwljs lnu esa Hkstk x;k gks%
la;qä cSBdksa ds fy, viokn%
●● f oèks;d dks nwljs lnu }kjk vLohdkj dj fn;k x;k
SC
gks( ;k ●● l a;qä cSBd dk çkoèkku dsoy lkèkkj.k foèks;dksa ;k
foÙkh; foèks;dksa ij ykxw gksrk gS u fd èku foèks;dksa
●● f oèks;d esa fd, tkus okys la'kksèkuksa ds lacaèk esa lnuksa ;k lafoèkku la'kksèku foèks;dksa ijA
esa varr% vlgefr gks xÃ gks(
fo"k;% Hkkjrh; laln
●● n wljs lnu }kjk foèks;d dks Lohdkj fd, tkus dh mi&fo"k;% laln dh la;qä cSBd
rkjh[k ls Ng eghus chr x, gksa vkSj foèks;d vHkh
Hkh ikfjr ugÈ fd;k x;k gksA gkykafd] Ng eghus dh 16. lgh fodYi% (b)
GS
vofèk dh x.kuk djus esa] mu fnuksa ij fopkj ugÈ

fd;k tkrk gS tc yxkrkj 4 fnuksa ls vfèkd ds fy, O;k[;k
lnu dk l=kolku jgk gks ;k lnu LFkfxr jgk ●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% jk"Vªifr] jkT; dh foèkku lHkk dks ;k
gksA rks fuyafcr ;k Hkax dj ldrk gSA
●● m
i;qZä rhu fLFkfr;ksa esa] jk"Vªifr foèks;d ij
fopkj&foe'kZ vkSj ernku ds mís'; ls nksuksa lnuksa
jk"Vªifr 'kklu vkSj U;kf;d leh{kk
dks la;qä cSBd esa cqyk ldrs gSaA ●● t
c fdlh jkT; esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu yxk;k tkrk
gS] rks jk"Vªifr eq[;ea=h dh vè;{krk okyh jkT;
la;qä cSBd dh vè;{krk dkSu djrk gS\ dh eaf=ifj"kn dks c[kkZLr dj nsrk gSA jkT; dk
●● n ksuksa lnuksa dh la;qä cSBd dh vè;{krk yksdlHkk jkT;iky] jk"Vªifr dh vksj ls] jkT; ds eq[; lfpo
vè;{k vkSj mudh vuqifLFkfr esa mijk"Vªifr }kjk dh ;k jk"Vªifr }kjk fu;qä lykgdkjksa dh lgk;rk ls
tkrh gSA jkT; ç'kklu dk lapkyu djrk gSA
●● ;
fn mijk"Vªifr Hkh la;qä cSBd ls vuqifLFkr jgrk ●● b lds vykok] jk"Vªifr jkT; foèkkulHkk dks ;k rks
gS] rks jkT; lHkk ds milHkkifr vè;{krk djrs gSaA fuyafcr ;k Hkax dj nsrk gSA
;fn og Hkh vuqifLFkr jgrk gS rks la;qä cSBd esa ●● 1 975 ds 38osa la'kksèku vfèkfu;e esa ;g O;oLFkk dh
mifLFkr lnL;ksa }kjk fuèkkZfjr dksÃ vU; O;fä cSBd xÃ fd vuqPNsn 356 dks ykxw djus ds fy, jk"Vªifr
dh vè;{krk djrk gSA
7 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
dh larqf"V vafre vkSj fu.kkZ;d gksxhA mls fdlh Hkh ea=hifj"knksa dks [kkfjt djus dk vfèkdkj ugÈ
vkèkkj ij fdlh Hkh vnkyr esa pqukSrh ugÈ nh tk gksxkA
ldrhA ysfdu] bl çkoèkku dks ckn esa 1978 ds 44osa ●● v uqPNsn 356 ds varxZr çnku 'kfä ,d vlkèkkj.k
la'kksèku vfèkfu;e }kjk gVk fn;k x;k Fkk] ftldk 'kfä gS vkSj fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh vko';drkvksa dks
vFkZ Fkk fd jk"Vªifr dh larqf"V U;kf;d leh{kk ls iwjk djus ds fy, dHkh&dHkh gh bldk mi;ksx fd;k
ijs ugÈ gSA tkuk pkfg,A
,l-vkj- cksEeÃ okn (1994) fo"k;% Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk
mifo"k;% jk"Vªifr 'kklu vkSj U;kf;d leh{kk
●● , l-vkj- cksEeÃ okn (1994) esa] vuqPNsn 356 ds rgr
fdlh jkT; esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu yxkus ds lacaèk esa 17. lgh fodYi% (b)
loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk fuEufyf[kr O;oLFkk nh xÃ
gS% O;k[;k%
●● j k"Vªifr 'kklu ykxw djus okyh jk"Vªifr dh ?kks"k.kk ●● d
Fku 3 xyr gS% fj;klrksa ds çfrfufèk;ksa dks fj;klrksa
U;kf;d leh{kk ds vèkhu gSA ds çeq[kksa }kjk euksuhr fd;k tkuk FkkA
●● j k"Vªifr dh larqf"V çklafxd lkexzh ij vkèkkfjr lafoèkku lHkk
gksuh pkfg,A jk"Vªifr dh dkjZokÃ dks vnkyr }kjk
●● d
RE
SfcusV fe'ku Iyku ds varxZr çnÙk ;kstuk ds rgr
jí fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;fn ;g vçklafxd ;k ckgjh uoacj 1946 esa lafoèkku lHkk dk xBu fd;k x;k
vkèkkj ij vkèkkfjr gS ;k ;fn bls nqHkkZoukiw.kZ ;k FkkA
fo—r ik;k x;kA
●● l
afoèkku lHkk ds lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k 389 FkhA
●● ;
g lkfcr djuk dsaæ dh ftEesnkjh gS fd jk"Vªifr buesa ls 296 lhVsa fczfV'k Hkkjr dks vkSj 93 lhVsa
'kklu ykxw djus dks lgh Bgjkus ds fy, çklafxd fj;klrksa dks vkoafVr dh tkuh FkÈA fczfV'k Hkkjr dks
O
lkexzh ekStwn gSA vkoafVr 296 lhVksa esa ls 292 lnL; dk pquko xouZj
●● U ;k;ky; lkexzh dh 'kq)rk ;k mldh i;kZIrrk ij okys X;kjg çkarksa ls vkSj pkj dk phQ dfe'kuj
xkSj ugÈ dj ldrk] ysfdu bl ckr ij xkSj dj okys çkarksa esa ls çR;sd esa ls ,d&,d dks pquk tkuk
ldrk gS fd lkexzh dkjZokÃ ds fy, çklafxd gS ;k FkkA
SC
ugÈA ●● ç R;sd çkarksa vkSj fj;klrksa (;k NksVs jkT;ksa ds ekeys
●● ;
fn U;k;ky; jk"Vªifr dh mn~?kks"k.kk dks vlaoSèkkfud esa jkT;ksa ds lewg) dks mudh lacafèkr vkcknh ds
vkSj vekU; djkj ns nsrh gS] rks mls c[kkZLr jkT; vuqikr esa lhVsa vkoafVr dh tkuh FkÈA eksVs rkSj ij
ljdkj dks cgky djus vkSj ;fn jkT; foèkkulHkk çR;sd nl yk[k dh vkcknh ij ,d lhV vkoafVr
dks fuyafcr ;k Hkax dj fn;k x;k gks] rks mls cgky dh tkuh FkhA
djus dh 'kfä gSA ●● ç R;sd fczfV'k çkar dks vkoafVr lhVksa dks mudh
GS
tula[;k ds vuqikr esa rhu çeq[k leqnk;ksa& eqfLye]

●● l
aln }kjk jk"Vªifr dh mn~?kks"k.kk dks eatwjh feyus
fl[k vkSj lkekU; (eqlyekuksa vkSj fl[kksa dks NksM+dj
ds ckn gh jkT; foèkkulHkk dks Hkax fd;k tkuk
lHkh) ds chp foHkkftr fd;k tkuk FkkA
pkfg,A tc rd ,slh eatwjh ugÈ nh tkrh] jk"Vªifr
dsoy foèkkulHkk dks fuyafcr dj ldrk gSA ;fn ●● ç R;sd leqnk; ds çfrfufèk;ksa dks çkarh; foèkku lHkk
laln mn~?kks"k.kk dks vuqeksfnr djus esa foQy jgrh esa ml leqnk; ds lnL;ksa }kjk pquk tkuk Fkk vkSj
gS] rks foèkkulHkk iqu% cgky gks tk,xhA ,dy laØe.kh; er ç.kkyh ds ekè;e ls lekuqikfrd
çfrfufèkRo dh fofèk }kjk ernku gksuk FkkA
●● è keZfujis{krk lafoèkku dh *cqfu;knh fo'ks"krkvksa* esa ls
,d gSA blfy,] èkeZfujis{k fojksèkh jktuhfr djus ●● f j;klrksa ds çfrfufèk;ksa dks fj;klrksa ds çeq[kksa }kjk
okyh jkT; ljdkj ds fo#) vuqPNsn 356 ds rgr euksuhr fd;k tkrk FkkA
dkjZokÃ dh tk ldrh gSA ●● 1 947 ds Hkkjrh; Lora=rk vfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj
foèkkulHkk dks ,d iw.kZ laçHkq fudk; cuk;k x;k Fkk]
●● j kT; ljdkj ds foÜokl er xaokus [kksus ds ç'u dk
tks viuh bPNkuqlkj dksÃ Hkh lafoèkku cuk ldrh
fu.kZ; lnu ds iVy ij fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj tc
FkhA bl vfèkfu;e us foèkkulHkk dks Hkkjr ds lacaèk
rd ,slk ugÈ fd;k tkrk gS] rc rd ea=hifj"kn dks
esa fczfV'k laln }kjk cuk, x, fdlh Hkh dkuwu dks
c[kkZLr ugÈ fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
fujLr djus ;k cnyus dk vfèkdkj fn;kA
●● v
xj dksÃ u;k jktuhfrd ny dsaæ esa lÙkk xzg.k fo"k;% lafoèkku lHkk
djrk gS] rks mls jkT;ksa esa vU; nyksa }kjk xfBr mifo"k;% lafoèkku lHkk dk dk;Z
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 8
18. lgh fodYi% (d) ●● v
uqPNsn 27 & fdlh Hkh èkeZ ds çpkj ds fy, djksa
ds Hkqxrku ls eqfä dk vfèkdkjA
O;k[;k%
●● v
uqPNsn 28 & dqN f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa èkkÆed
●● dFku 1 xyr gS% DPSPs vkSj ekSfyd drZO;ksa esa eq¶r vuq"Bku ;k èkeksZins'k esa Hkkx ugÈ ysus dh Lora=rk
vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk ds lacaèk esa Hkh çkoèkku gSaA dk vfèkdkjA
f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj
19. lgh fodYi% (c)
●● 2 002 ds 86osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e ls igys]
lafoèkku esa DPSP ds Hkkx IV esa vuqPNsn 45 ds O;k[;k%
varxZr cPpksa ds fy, eq¶r vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk dk ●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% *dkuwu ds le{k lekurk* udkjkRed
çkoèkku FkkA voèkkj.kk gS] tcfd *dkuwu dk leku laj{k.k*
●● v
uqPNsn 21A esa dgk x;k gS fd jkT; Ng ls pkSng ldkjkRed voèkkj.kk gSA
o"kZ dh vk;q ds lHkh cPpksa dks jkT; }kjk fuèkkZfjr ●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% nksuksa] fdlh ns'k ds ukxfjdksa ds
rjhds ls eq¶r vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk çnku djsxkA bl lkFk&lkFk fonsf'k;ksa ds fy, Hkh miyCèk gSaA
çdkj] ;g çkoèkku dsoy çkjafHkd f'k{kk dks ekSfyd
vfèkdkj cukrk gS u fd mPp ;k O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dkuwu ds le{k lekurk%
RE
dksA ;g çkoèkku 2002 ds 86osa lafoèkku la'kksèku ●● ;g voèkkj.kk fczfV'k ewy dh gSA bldk vFkZ gS%
vfèkfu;e }kjk tksM+k x;k FkkA ;g la'kksèku *lHkh
♦♦ fdlh O;fä dks dksÃ fo'ks"kkfèkdkj ugÈ nukA
ds fy, f'k{kk* çkIr djus ds ns'k ds mís'; esa ,d
çeq[k ehy dk iRFkj gSA ljdkj us bl dne dks ♦♦ lkekU; dkuwuh U;k;ky;ksa }kjk ç'kkflr Hkwfe ds
*ukxfjdksa ds vfèkdkjksa ds vè;k; esa nwljh Økafr dh lkekU; dkuwu ds fy, lHkh O;fä;ksa dh leku
lqcg* crk;kA vèkhurkA
O
●● b lesa vuqPNsn 51A ds varxZr ,d u;k ekSfyd drZO; ♦♦ dksÃ Hkh O;fä (pkgs vehj gks ;k xjhc] mPp ;k
Hkh tksM+k x;k gS ftlesa fy[kk gS& *Hkkjr ds çR;sd fuEu oxZ] vfèkdkjh ;k vukfèkdkjh) dkuwu ls
ukxfjd dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og Ng ls pkSng Åij ugÈ gSA
o"kZ dh vk;q ds chp vius cPps ;k larku dks f'k{kk
SC
dkuwuksa dk leku laj{k.k%
ds volj çnku djsA
●● b ls vesfjdh lafoèkku ls fy;k x;k gSA bldk vFkZ
●● fons'kh 'k=q dks NksM+dj ukxfjdksa vkSj fonsf'k;ksa nksuksa gS%
ds fy, miyCèk ekSfyd vfèkdkj gSa%
♦♦ dkuwu }kjk çnÙk fo'ks"kkfèkdkjksa vkSj nkf;Roksa ds
●● v
uqPNsn 14 & dkuwu ds le{k lekurk dk vkSj lanHkZ esa leku ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa leku O;ogkjA
dkuwuksa }kjk leku laj{k.k dk vfèkdkjA
♦♦ leku :i ls fLFkr lHkh O;fä;ksa ds fy, leku
GS
●● v
uqPNsn 20 & vijkèkksa ds fy, nks"kflf) ds lacaèk esa dkuwuksa dk leku :i ls ykxw gksukA
laj{k.k dk vfèkdkjA
♦♦ leku yksxksa ds lkFk fcuk fdlh HksnHkko ds leku
●● v
uqPNsn 21& thou vkSj O;fäxr Lora=rk dh lqj{kk O;ogkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
dk vfèkdkjA
♦♦ bl çdkj] iwoZorÊ ,d udkjkRed voèkkj.kk
●● vuqPNsn 21A & çkjafHkd f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj gS] tcfd ijorÊ ,d ldkjkRed voèkkj.kk gSA
●● v
uqPNsn 22 & dqN ekeyksa esa fxj¶rkjh vkSj utjcanh gkykafd] nksuksa dk mís'; dkuwuh fLFkfr] volj
ds fo#) laj{k.k dk vfèkdkjA vkSj U;k; dh lekurk LFkkfir djuk gSA
●● v
uqPNsn 23 & ekuo rLdjh vkSj caèkqvk etnwjh ij ♦♦ vuqPNsn 14 Hkkjr esa ukxfjdksa vkSj fonsf'k;ksa nksuksa
jksdA ds fy, miyCèk gSA
●● v
uqPNsn 24 & dkj[kkuksa vkfn esa cPpksa ls dke djkus fo"k;% ekSfyd vfèkdkj
ij jksdA mifo"k;% dkuwu ds le{k lekurk
●● v
uqPNsn 25 & var%dj.k dh Lora=rk vkSj èkeZ dks
20. lgh fodYi% (a)
ekuus] mldk vuqlj.k djus rFkk èkeZ dk çpkj djus
dk vfèkdkjA O;k[;k%
●● v
uqPNsn 26 & èkkÆed ekeyksa ds çcaèku dh Lora=rk ●● d
Fku 4 xyr gS% flfôe Hkkjr dk *lajf{kr jkT;*
dk vfèkdkjA FkkA
9 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
lafoèkku dk Hkkx ●● 2 0 yk[k ls de vkcknh okyk jkT; eè;orÊ Lrj ij
●● f gekpy çns'k% 1971 esa] fgekpy çns'k ds dsaæ 'kkflr iapk;rksa dk xBu ugÈ dj ldrk gSA
çns'k dks ,d jkT; (Hkkjrh; la?k dk 18oka jkT;) dk ●● b l vfèkfu;e ds ekè;e ls lafoèkku esa ,d uÃ
ntkZ fn;k x;k FkkA X;kjgoÈ vuqlwph Hkh tksM+h xÃ gSA bl vuqlwph esa
●● e f.kiqj vkSj f=iqjk% 1972 esa] iwoksZÙkj Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd iapk;rksa dh 29 dk;kZRed ensa 'kkfey gSaA ;g vuqPNsn
ekufp= esa ,d cM+k cnyko vk;kA bl çdkj] nks 243&th ls lacafèkr gSA ;g vfèkfu;e iapk;rh jkt
dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k ef.kiqj vkSj f=iqjk vfLrRo esa laLFkkuksa dks laoSèkkfud ntkZ nsrk gSA
vk,A blds lkFk] Hkkjrh; la?k ds jkT;ksa dh la[;k esa ●● b l vfèkfu;e esa ,d xzke lHkk dk çkoèkku fd;k
o`f) gqÃA ef.kiqj 19oka vkSj f=iqjk 20oka jkT; cukA x;k gSA ;g ,d ,slk fudk; gS ftlesa xzke Lrj ij
●● x
ksok% Hkkjr us 1961 esa iqfyl dkjZokÃ ds ekè;e ls iapk;r ds {ks= esa 'kkfey ,d xkao dh ernkrk lwph
iqrZxkfy;ksa ls bl {ks= dks thrkA bls 12osa lafoèkku esa iath—r O;fä 'kkfey gksrs gSaA bl çdkj] ;g ,d
la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 1961 }kjk ,d dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k iapk;r ds {ks= esa lHkh iath—r ernkrkvksa ls feydj
ds :i esa xfBr fd;k x;k Fkk] ckn esa] 1987 esa] xksok cuh xzke lHkk gSA
dks ,d jkT; dk ntkZ fn;k x;k FkkA ●● ;
g jkT; dh foèkkf;dk }kjk fuèkkZfjr] 'kfä;ksa dk
●● v#.kkpy çns'k Hkh 1972 ls dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k FkkA xzke Lrj ij mi;ksx djrh gS vkSj dk;ks± dks fu"ikfnr
RE
djrh gSA
flfôe
●● x zke] eè;orÊ vkSj ftyk Lrj ij iapk;rksa ds lHkh
●● 1 947 rd] flfôe pksX;ky }kjk 'kkflr ,d Hkkjrh; lnL; lhèks turk }kjk fuokZfpr fd, tk,axsA blds
fj;klr FkhA 1947 esa] fczfV'k loksZPprk dh lekfIr vykok] eè;orÊ vkSj ftyk Lrjksa ij iapk;rksa ds
ds ckn] flfôe Hkkjr dk ,d *lajf{kr jkT;* cu vè;{k dk pquko vçR;{k :i ls turk }kjk fuokZfpr
x;k] ftlls Hkkjr ljdkj us flfôe dh j{kk] fons'k lnL;ksa }kjk muds chp ds gh fdlh lnL; dks pquk
ekeyksa vkSj lapkj dh ftEesnkjh laHkkyhA
O
tk,xkA gkyk¡fd] xzke Lrj ij iapk;r vè;{k dk
●● 1 974 esa] flfôe us Hkkjr ds lkFk vfèkd ls vfèkd pquko jkT; dh foèkkf;dk }kjk fuèkkZfjr rjhds ls
tqM+ko dh bPNk O;ä dhA rn~uqlkj] laln }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
35oka lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e (1974) ikfjr fd;k fo"k;% lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e
SC
x;kA bl la'kksèku us flfôe dks Hkkjrh; la?k ds ,d
fo"k;% 73oka lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e
*lg;ksxh jkT;* dk ntkZ nsdj lafoèkku ds rgr jkT;
ds ,d u, oxZ dh 'kq#vkr dhA
22. lgh fodYi% (c)
●● f lfôe dks Hkkjrh; la?k (22oka jkT;) dk iw.kZ jkT;
cukus ds fy, 36oka lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e O;k[;k%
(1975) ikfjr fd;k x;k FkkA ●● dFku 2 xyr gS% orZeku esa] lfefr esa 22 lnL; gSa
GS
fo"k;% dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k (yksdlHkk ls 15 vkSj jkT; lHkk ls 7)A

mifo"k;% dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa dk xBu
yksd ys[kk lfefr
21. lgh fodYi% (b) ●● y
ksd ys[kk lfefr dh LFkkiuk igyh ckj 1921 esa
1919 ds Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e ds çkoèkkuksa ds
O;k[;k%
varxZr dh xÃ Fkh vkSj rc ls ;g vfLrRo esa gSA
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% 20 yk[k ls vfèkd vkcknh okyk jkT;
●● o rZeku esa] lfefr esa 22 lnL; (yksdlHkk ls 15 vkSj
eè;orÊ Lrj ij iapk;rksa dk xBu ugÈ dj ldrk
jkT; lHkk ls 7) 'kkfey gSaA
gSA
●● l
nL;ksa dk pquko] ,dy laØe.kh; oksV ds ekè;e ls
73oka lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e vkuqikfrd çfrfufèkRo ds fl)kar ds vuqlkj laln
●● 7 3osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr }kjk vius lnL;ksa esa ls gj lky fd;k tkrk gSA bl
ds lafoèkku esa ,d u;k Hkkx&IX tksM+k x;k gSA bl çdkj lHkh nyksa dks blesa mfpr çfrfufèkRo feyrk
Hkkx dk 'kh"kZd *iapk;r* gS vkSj blesa vuqPNsn 243 gS
ls 243 vks (O) rd ds çkoèkku 'kkfey gSaA ●● l
fefr ds vè;{k dh fu;qfä] yksdlHkk ds vè;{k
●● b l vfèkfu;e esa gj jkT; esa iapk;rh jkt dh }kjk vius lnL;ksa esa ls dh tkrh gSA 1966&67 rd
f=Lrjh; O;oLFkk çnku dh xÃ gS] ;kuh xkao ds Lrj lfefr dk vè;{k lÙkk i{k dk gksrk FkkA gkykafd]
ij] eè;orÊ vkSj ftyk Lrj ij iapk;rsaA 1967 ds ckn ls ,d ijaijk fodflr gqÃ gS ftlds
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 10
varxZr lfefr ds vè;{k dks ges'kk foi{k ls pquk esa milxZ vkSj çR;; tksM+ ys rkfd ubZ nyksa esa Li"V
tkrk gSA varj fd;k tk ldsA
●● l
fefr dk dk;Z Hkkjr ds fu;a=d vkSj egkys[kk fo"k;% jktuhfrd ny
ijh{kd dh okÆ"kd ys[kkijh{kk fjiksVks± dh tkap djuk mifo"k;% fLIyV
gSA
fo"k;% yksd ys[kk lfefr 24. lgh fodYi% (d)
fo"k;% yksd ys[kk lfefr ds dk;Z O;k[;k%
●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% 2003 ds 91osa la'kksèku vfèkfu;e ds
23. lgh fodYi% (b)
ekè;e ls eaf=ifj"kn dh la[;k dks yksdlHkk dh dqy
O;k[;k% la[;k ds 15% rd lhfer dj fn;k x;kA
●● dFku 1 xyr gS: ECI lnL;ksa ds cgqer ds vk/kkj
dsaæh; ea=h dh fu;qfä
ij fu/kkZfjr djrk gS] igys ikVhZ ds laxBukRed foax
esa] fQj fo/kk;h foax ¼lkalnksa@fo/kk;dksa½ esaA ●● 2 003 ds 91osa la'kksèku vfèkfu;e esa ;g çkoèkku fd;k
x;k fd eaf=ifj"kn esa çèkkuea=h lfgr dqy eaf=;ksa
foHkktu dh la[;k yksdlHkk dh dqy la[;k ds 15% ls vfèkd
RE
●● ikVhZ ds çrhd pquko fpà ¼vkj{k.k vkSj vkoaVu½ ugÈ gksxhA
vkns'k] 1968 ds varxZr vkrs gSa] ftldk mís'; ●● H kkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 75 esa çkoèkku gS fd
^lalnh; vkSj fo/kkulHkk fuokZpu {ks=ksa esa pqukoksa çèkku ea=h dh fu;qfä jk"Vªifr }kjk dh tk,xh vkSj
esa çrhdksa ds fofunsZ'k] vkj{k.k] ilan vkSj vkoaVu vU; eaf=;ksa dh fu;qfä jk"Vªifr }kjk çèkku ea=h dh
ds laca/k esa jktuhfrd nyksa dh ekU;rk ds fy, lykg ij dh tk,xhA
çnku djuk gSA vkSj blls tqM+s ekeyksa ds fy,"A
O
vkns'k bZlhvkbZ dks ikVhZ ds çrhdksa dks igpkuus vkSj
●● , d ea=h laln ds fdlh Hkh lnu dk lnL; gks
ldrk@ldrh gSA ;fn og yxkrkj Ng eghus dh
vkoafVr djus dk vf/kdkj nsrk gSA
vofèk rd laln (dksÃ Hkh lnu) dk lnL; ugÈ
●● ikVhZ ds çrhdksa ij fookn vkns'k ds vuqPNsn 15 ds jgrk@jgrh gS] rks og ea=h ds in cus ugÈ jg
SC
nk;js esa vkrs gSaA vuqPNsn 15 dh dkuwuh oS/krk gS] ldrk@ldrhA
ftls lqçhe dksVZ us 1971 esa lkfnd vyh vkSj vU;
●● d
saæh; ea=h laln ds fdlh Hkh lnu dh cSBdksa esa
cuke bZlhvkbZ ekeys esa cjdjkj j[kk FkkA
Hkkx ys ldrs gSa] Hkys gh os ml lnu ds lnL; u
●● v
c rd pquko vk;ksx }kjk r; fd, x, yxHkx lHkh gks vkSj ç'uksa dk mÙkj ns ldrs gSaA
fooknksa esa] ikVhZ ds çfrfuf/k;ksa@inkf/kdkfj;ksa] lkalnksa
●● tc rd jk"Vªifr pkgsa] ea=h vius in ij cus jgsaxsA
vkSj fo/kk;dksa ds Li"V cgqer us ,d xqV dk leFkZu
●● e af=ifj"kn lkewfgd :i ls yksdlHkk ds çfr mÙkjnk;h
GS
fd;k gSA
gksxhA
●● tc Hkh pquko vk;ksx ikVhZ laxBu ds Hkhrj leFkZu
ds vk/kkj ij çfr}a}h lewgksa dh rkdr dk ijh{k.k fo"k;% dsaæh; ea=h
ugha dj ikrk gS] dsoy fuokZfpr lkalnksa vkSj mifo"k;% dsaæh; eaf=;ksa dh fu;qfä
fo/kk;dksa ds chp cgqer dk ijh{k.k djrk gSA
25. lgh fodYi% (d)
●● ;fn pquko vk;ksx ;g fu/kkZfjr djrk gS fd ,d
xqV Li"V :i ls ikVhZ ds laxBukRed vkSj fo/kk;h O;k[;k%
foax esa vf/kdka'k lnL;ksa ds leFkZu dk leFkZu djrk ●● lHkh
dFku lgh gSaA
gS] rks ;g xqV dks ikVhZ ds çrhd ds fy, lcls
vf/kd leFkZu okys xqV dks nsdj fookn dks lqy>k ekuokfèkdkjksa dk lkoZHkkSfed ?kks"k.kki=
ldrk gSA bl chp] gkjus okys xqV dks ,d vyx ●● 1 0 fnlacj 1948 dks la;qä jk"Vª egklHkk }kjk vius
jktuhfrd ny cukus ds fy, dgk tk ldrk gSA rhljs l= esa ekuo vfèkdkjksa ds lkoZHkkSfed ?kks"k.kk
●● ;fn pquko vk;ksx ikrk gS fd fdlh Hkh xqV ds fy, i= dks viuk;k x;k FkkA
dksbZ Li"V cgqla[;d leFkZu ekStwn ugha gS] rks ;g ●● ? kks"k.kki= esa 30 ys[k 'kkfey gSa tks O;fä ds vfèkdkjksa
ikVhZ ds çrhd dks Ýht dj ldrk gS vkSj nks xqVksa tSls thou ds vfèkdkj] Lora=rk] lekurk] xfjek
dks u, ikVhZ ukeksa ds lkFk [kqn dks iath—r djus
vkSj caèkqRo ds vfèkdkj dh iqf"V djrs gSaA
dh vuqefr ns ldrk gS ;k ekStwnk ikVhZ vius uke
11 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
●● ? kks"k.kk,a lnL; ns'kksa ds fy, ckè;dkjh ugÈ gSa] ●● f dlh fo'ks"k jkT; ls jkT;lHkk dk pquko yM+us okyk
vFkkZr os LosPNk ls ?kks"k.kki= ds varxZr ukxfjdksa ds mEehnokj ml jkT; dk ernkrk gksuk pkfg,] ;g
vfèkdkjksa dks iwjk djus ds mik; dj ldrs gSaA 'krZ 2003 esa gVk nh xÃA 2006 esa] loksZPp U;k;ky;
fo"k;% ekuokfèkdkj us bl cnyko dh laoSèkkfud oSèkrk dks cjdjkj
mifo"k;% ekuokfèkdkjksa dk lkoZHkkSe ?kks"k.kki= j[kkA
fo"k;% jkT; lHkk
26. lgh fodYi% (a) fo"k;% jkT; lHkk ds dk;Z
O;k[;k%
●● dFku 3 xyr gS% ml lcls cM+s foi{kh ny ds usrk dks 28. lgh fodYi% (c)
ml lnu esa usrk çfri{k ds :i esa ekU;rk nh tkrh O;k[;k%
gS ftl ny ds ikl lnu dh dqy lhVksa dk de ls
de 10% gksA ●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% vuqPNsn 352 Hkh dsoy eaf=eaMy dks
ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS] ysfdu bldh 'kfä;ksa vkSj dk;ks±
yksdlHkk esa usrk çfri{k dk mYys[k ugÈ djrk gSA
●● y
ksdlHkk vkSj jkT;lHkk esa usrk çfri{k ;k foi{k ds ●● d
Fku 3 xyr gS% eaf=eaMy dh lykg jk"Vªifr ds fy,
usrk dks 1977 esa oSèkkfud ekU;rk nh xÃ FkhA os ,d
RE
ckè;dkjh gSA
dSfcusV ea=h ds cjkcj osru] HkÙks vkSj vU; lqfoèkkvksa
ds gdnkj gSaA eaf=eaMy
●● l
aln ds çR;sd lnu esa *usrk çfri{k* gksrk gSA ml ●● e af=eaMy ;k dSfcusV ,d NksVk fudk; gS ftlesa 15
lcls cM+s foi{kh ny ds usrk dks ml lnu esa usrk ls 20 ea=h gksrs gSaA blesa dsoy dSfcusV ea=h 'kkfey
çfri{k ds :i esa ekU;rk nh tkrh gS ftl ny ds gksrs gSaA bl çdkj] ;g eaf=ifj"kn dk ,d fgLlk
O
ikl lnu dh dqy lhVksa dk de ls de 10% gksA gksrk gSA
●● l jdkj dh lalnh; ç.kkyh esa] usrk çfri{k dh
●● e af=ifj"kn ds ikl lHkh 'kfä;ka fufgr gksrh gSa
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA mldk eq[; dk;Z ljdkj
ysfdu dsoy lS)kafrd :i esaA dSfcusV] O;ogkj esa]
dh uhfr;ksa dh jpukRed vkykspuk djuk vkSj ,d
SC
eaf=ifj"kn dh 'kfä;ksa dk ç;ksx djrh gS vkSj bl
oSdfYid ljdkj çnku djuk gSA
çdkj] ea=hifj"kn ds fy, dk;Z djrh gSA
fo"k;% usrk çfri{k
mi&fo"k;% yksdlHkk esa usrk çfri{k ●● e wy lafoèkku esa ewy :i ls bldk mYys[k ugÈ FkkA
vc Hkh] vuqPNsn 352 dsoy dSfcusV dks ifjHkkf"kr
27. lgh fodYi% (c) djrk gSA blesa mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd ;g *vuqPNsn
75 ds varxZr fu;qä çèkku ea=h vkSj dSfcusV Lrj ds
O;k[;k%
GS
vU; eaf=;ksa dh ifj"kn* gS vkSj bldh 'kfä;ksa vkSj

●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% jkT; lHkk dk lnL; cuus ds fy, dk;ks± dk mYys[k ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA
fdlh O;fä dh vk;q 30 o"kZ ls de ugÈ gksuh
pkfg,A ●● ;
g dsaæ ljdkj dh loksZPp dk;Zikfydk gSA ;g
jk"Vªifr ds fy, ,d lykgdkj fudk; gS vkSj bldh
jkT; lHkk lykg jk"Vªifr ds fy, ckè;dkjh gSA
●● jkT; lHkk dh vfèkdre la[;k 250 fuèkkZfjr dh xÃ fo"k;% eaf=eaMy
gS] ftlesa ls 238 jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa ds mifo"k;% eaf=eaMy dk dk;Z
çfrfufèk gksrs gSa vkSj 12 jk"Vªifr }kjk euksuhr fd,
tkrs gSaA jkT; lHkk esa tula[;k ds vkèkkj ij jkT;ksa 29. lgh fodYi% (c)
dks lhVsa vkoafVr dh tkrh gSaA
●● j kT; lHkk dk lnL; cuus ds fy, fdlh O;fä dh
O;k[;k%
vk;q 30 o"kZ ls de ugÈ gksuh pkfg,A ●● nksuksa dFku lgh gSa
●● t
uçfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj] jkT; lHkk dk
ftyk U;k;kèkh'k
lnL; cuus ds fy, ,d O;fä dks fdlh lalnh;
fuokZpu {ks= dk iath—r ernkrk gksuk vko';d gSA ●● f tyk U;k;kèkh'k ftys esa loksZPp çkfèkdj.k gksrk gSA
;g 'krZ jkT;lHkk vkSj yksdlHkk nksuksa ds fy, ,d mls ukxfjd vkSj lkFk gh vkijkfèkd ekeyksa nksuksa esa
gSA ewy vkSj vihyh; {ks=kfèkdkj gksrk gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 12
●● f tyk U;k;kèkh'kksa dks ftys ds lHkh vèkhuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds foijhr] Hkkjr esa laln laçHkq ugÈ gSA Hkkjr esa
ij i;Zos{k.k 'kfä gksrh gSA mlds vkns'k vkSj fu.kZ;ksa lafoèkku loksZPp dkuwu gSA
ds fo#) vihy mPp U;k;ky; esa gksrh gSA ●● f odYiksa esa lwphc) vU; lHkh fcUnq Hkkjrh; lafoèkku
●● U ;k;kèkh'k dks vkthou dkjkokl vkSj e`R;qnaM lfgr dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk,a gSaA
dksÃ Hkh ltk nsus dk vfèkdkj gSA gkykafd] mlds fo"k;% Hkkjrh; lafoèkku
}kjk fn, x, e`R;qnaM dh mPp U;k;ky; }kjk iqf"V
mifo"k;% Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh fo'ks"krk
dh tkuh gksrh gS] pkgs dksÃ vihy gks ;k ugÈA
fo"k;% Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk 32. lgh fodYi% (c)
mifo"k;% ftyk U;k;kèkh'k
O;k[;k
30. lgh fodYi% (b) ●● fodYi (c) lgh gS
O;k[;k% 'kks"k.k ds fo#) vfèkdkj
●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% Hkkjr ds yksx vius çfrfufèk;ksa dks
●● H kkjr ds lafoèkku esa ewy vfèkdkjksa ds LrEHk ds
pquus esa çR;{k Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA
varxZr ç'u esa Åij mfYyf[kr lHkh fcUnqvksa dks
lkoZHkkSfed o;Ld erkfèkdkj jksdus vkSj çfrcafèkr djus ds fy, fo'ks"k çkoèkku dk
RE
mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA A
●● l
afoèkku ds vuqPNsn 326 esa ;g çkoèkku gS fd yksd
lHkk vkSj çR;sd jkT; dh foèkku lHkk ds pquko ●● m uls lacafèkr ewy vfèkdkj dks Þ'kks"k.k ds fo#)
o;Ld erkfèkdkj ds vkèkkj ij gksaxs] vFkkZr ernku vfèkdkjÞ ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA bl vfèkdkj ds
djus okys O;fä dh vk;q 21 o"kZ ls de ugÈ gksuh ekè;e ls] Hkkjr dk lafoèkku ekuo rLdjh] tcju
pkfg,A Je ds lkFk&lkFk cky Je ;kuh 14 o"kZ ls de mez
●● j k"Vª dk çR;sd ukxfjd] pkgs mldh ds cPpksa ls dke djok, tkus dk Hkh fu"ksèk djrk
O
lkekftd@f'k{kk@Çyx i`"BHkwfe dqN Hkh gks] pquko gSA
yM+ ldrk gSA fo"k;% ewy vfèkdkj
●● ;
s lkoZHkkSfed o;Ld erkfèkdkj dh varÆufgr mifo"k;% 'kks"k.k ds fo#) vfèkdkj
SC
fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaA
33. lgh fodYi% (b)
●● p
qus gq, çfrfufèk ns'k dh turk ds çfr tokcnsg gksrs
gSaA ;g 'kklu ds yksdrkaf=d Lo:i dh fo'ks"krk,a O;k[;k
gSaA
●● ; qXe 1 lgh lqesfyr ugÈ gS% vuqPNsn 39 cPpksa ds LoLFk
●● H kkjr dk lafoèkku vius lHkh ukxfjdksa dks lkoZHkkSfed fodkl ds volj çnku djus ds ckjs esa gSA
o;Ld erkfèkdkj ds çkoèkku dh xkjaVh nsrk gSA
●● ; qXe 3 lgh lqesfyr ugÈ gS% vuqPNsn 42 dke dh
GS
●● b ldk vFkZ gS fd Hkkjr ds yksx u dsoy lkoZHkkSfed U;k;ksfpr vkSj ekuoh; fLFkfr;ksa vkSj ekr`Ro jkgr ds
o;Ld erkfèkdkj dh voèkkj.kk dk ç;ksx djds
fy, çkoèkku djus ds ckjs esa gSA
vius çfrfufèk;ksa dks pquus esa çR;{k Hkwfedk fuHkkrs
gSa cfYd jk"Vª dk çR;sd ukxfjd] pkgs mldh ●● Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 36 ds varxZr jkT; dh
lkekftd@'kS{kf.kd@Çyx i`"BHkwfe dqN Hkh gks] uhfr ds funsZ'kd rRoksa dh lwph
pquko yM+ ldrk gSA ●● v
uqPNsn 36% jkT; dks vuqPNsn 12 ds leku gh
fo"k;% yksdrkaf=d ljdkj ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS tc rd fd lanHkZ vU;Fkk
mi&fo"k;% lkoZHkkSfed o;Ld erkfèkdkj ifjHkkf"kr u djrk gksA
●● v
uqPNsn 37% bl Hkkx esa fufgr fl)karksa dk
31. lgh fodYi% (d) vuqç;ksxA
O;k[;k% ●● v
uqPNsn 38% ;g jkT; dks yksxksa ds dY;k.k dks
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% fczVsu ds foijhr] Hkkjr esa laln ,d c<+kok nsus ds fy, lkekftd O;oLFkk cuk, j[kuk
laçHkq fudk; ugÈ gSA lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, vfèk—r djrk gSA
●● vuqPNsn 39% cPpksa ds LoLFk fodkl ds volj
Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh fo'ks"krk
●● v
uqPNsn 39A% leku U;k; vkSj fu'kqYd dkuwuh
●● H kkjr esa ljdkj ds lalnh; Lo:i dk çkoèkku
lgk;rkA
;wukbVsM ÇdxMe dh rjg gh gSA ysfdu] fczVsu
13 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
●● vuqPNsn 40% xzke iapk;rksa dk xBuA la'kksfèkr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj lkèkkj.k cgqer ls
●● v
uqPNsn 41% dqN ekeyksa esa dke] f'k{kk vkSj lkoZtfud vkèkh jkT; foèkkulHkkvksa dh lgefr ls HkhA
lgk;rk dk vfèkdkjA ●● f uEufyf[kr çkoèkkuksa esa bl çdkj la'kksèku fd;k tk
●● v
uqPNsn 42% dke dh mfpr vkSj ekuoh; fLFkfr;ksa ldrk gS%
vkSj ekr`Ro vodk'k dk çkoèkkuA ♦♦ jk"Vªifr dk pquko vkSj mldk rjhdkA
●● v
uqPNsn 43% Jfedksa ds fy, fuokZg ;ksX; etnwjh ♦♦ la?k vkSj jkT;ksa dh dk;Zdkjh 'kfä dk foLrkjA
vkfnA ♦♦ loksZPp U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky;A
●● v
uqPNsn 43&,% m|ksxksa ds çcaèku esa Jfedksa dh ♦♦ la?k vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp foèkk;h 'kfä;ksa dk
HkkxhnkjhA forj.kA
●● vuqPNsn 43&ch% lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk laoèkZuA ♦♦ lkroÈ vuqlwph dh dksÃ Hkh lwphA
●● v
uqPNsn 44% ukxfjdksa ds fy, leku ukxfjd ♦♦ laln esa jkT;ksa dk çfrfufèkRoA
lafgrkA
♦♦ lafoèkku vkSj bldh çfØ;k esa la'kksèku djus dh
●● v
uqPNsn 45% Ng o"kZ ls de mez ds cPpksa ds fy, laln dh 'kfä (Lo;a vuqPNsn 368)A
cpiu ds çkjafHkd o"kks± dh ns[kHkky vkSj f'k{kk dk
●● u, jkT;ksa ds ços'k ;k LFkkiuk ds fy, lkèkkj.k
RE
çkoèkkuA
cgqer dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
●● v
uqPNsn 46% vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr fo"k;%
vkSj vU; detksj oxks± dh f'k{kk vkSj vkÆFkd fgrksa
mifo"k;%
dks c<+kok nsukA
●● v
uqPNsn 47% iks"kkgkj ds Lrj vkSj thou Lrj dks 35. lgh fodYi% (b)
c<+kus vkSj lkoZtfud LokLF; esa lqèkkj djus dk
O
jkT; dk drZO;A O;k[;k%
●● vuqPNsn 48% —f"k vkSj i'kqikyu dk laxBuA ●● dFku 1 xyr gS% vuqPNsn 262 esa dgk x;k gS fd laln
dkuwu }kjk ,sls fdlh Hkh fookn ds vfèkfu.kZ;u ds
●● v
uqPNsn 48&,% i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk vkSj lqèkkj rFkk fy, U;k;kfèkdj.k çnku dj ldrh gS
SC
ouksa vkSj oU;thoksa dh lqj{kkA
●● v
uqPNsn 49% jk"Vªh; egRo ds Lekjdksa vkSj LFkkuksa varj&jkT;h; ty fookn
vkSj oLrqvksa dk laj{k.kA ●● l
afoèkku varjkZT;h; ty fooknksa ds vfèkfu.kZ;u ds
●● v
uqPNsn 50% dk;Zikfydk ls U;k;ikfydk dk fy, fo'ks"k U;k;kfèkdj.kksa dh LFkkiuk djus dk çkoèkku
i`Fkôj.kA çnku ugÈ djrk gSA cfYd lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 262
esa varjkZT;h; ty fooknksa ds vfèkfu.kZ; dk çkoèkku
●● v uqPNsn 51% varjkZ"Vªh; 'kkafr vkSj lqj{kk dks c<+kok
GS
gSA ;g nks çkoèkku djrk gS%

nsukA
●● l
aln dkuwu }kjk fdlh varjkZT;h; unh vkSj unh
?kkVh ds ikuh ds mi;ksx] forj.k vkSj fu;a=.k ds
mifo"k;% jkT; dh uhfr ds funsZ'kd rRo
lacaèk esa fdlh Hkh fookn ;k f'kdk;r ds U;k;fu.kZ;u
ds fy, çkoèkku dj ldrh gSA
34. lgh fodYi% (c)
●● l
aln ;g Hkh çkoèkku dj ldrh gS fd u rks loksZPp
O;k[;k U;k;ky; vkSj u gh fdlh vU; U;k;ky; dks ,sls
●● fodYi
(c) lgh fdlh fookn ;k f'kdk;r ds lacaèk esa vfèkdkj {ks=
dk ç;ksx djuk gSA
cgqer ●● b l çkoèkku ds varxZr] laln us nks dkuwu vFkkZr
●● f tu çkoèkkuksa dks fo'ks"k cgqer }kjk la'kksfèkr fd;k unh cksMZ vfèkfu;e (1956) vkSj varjkZT;h; ty
tk ldrk gS muesa 'kkfey gSa (i) ewy vfèkdkj( (ii) fookn vfèkfu;e (1956) vfèkfu;fer fd, gSaA
jkT; uhfr ds funsZ'kd fl)kar( vkSj (iii) vU; lHkh ●● v
arj&jkT;h; ty fookn vfèkfu;e] dsaæ ljdkj dks
çkoèkku tks lkèkkj.k cgqer vkSj fo'ks"k cgqer vkSj varj&jkT;h; unh ;k unh ?kkVh ds ty ds lacaèk esa
jkT;ksa dh lgefr ls vkPNkfnr ugÈ gksrs gSaA nks ;k nks ls vfèkd jkT;ksa ds chp fookn ds fu.kZ; ds
●● l
afoèkku ds os çkoèkku tks jkT; O;oLFkk ds la?kh; fy, rnFkZ U;k;kfèkdj.k LFkkfir djus dk vfèkdkj
<kaps ls lacafèkr gSa] mUgsa laln ds fo'ks"k cgqer ls nsrk gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 14
●● U ;k;kfèkdj.k dk fu.kZ; vafre gksxk vkSj fookn ds U;k;kèkh'k ;k loksZPp U;k;ky; dk U;k;kèkh'k gksuk
i{kdkjksa ds fy, ckè;dkjh gksxkA bl vfèkfu;e ds pkfg,A
varxZr ,sls U;k;kfèkdj.k dks Hksts tkus okys fdlh Hkh ●● d
Fku 4 xyr gS% blds ikl ihfM+r dks vkÆFkd jkgr
ty fookn ds lacaèk esa u rks loksZPp U;k;ky; vkSj lfgr dksÃ Hkh jkgr nsus dh 'kfä ugÈ gSA
u gh fdlh vU; U;k;ky; dk vfèkdkj {ks= gSA
fo"k;% varjkZT;h; lacaèk jk"Vªh; ekuokfèkdkj vk;ksx
mifo"k;% varj&jkT; ty fookn ●● v
è;{k Hkkjr dk lsokfuo`Ùk eq[; U;k;kèkh'k ;k loksZPp
U;k;ky; dk U;k;kèkh'k gksuk pkfg, vkSj blds
36. lgh fodYi% (a) lnL; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds lsokjr ;k lsokfuo`Ùk
U;k;kèkh'k] mPp U;k;ky; ds lsokjr ;k lsokfuo`Ùk
O;k[;k eq[; U;k;kèkh'k vkSj ekuokfèkdkjksa ds lacaèk esa Kku
●● d
Fku 3 xyr gS% 10oÈ vuqlwph esa ,slk dksÃ çkoèkku ;k O;kogkfjd vuqHko èkkj.k djus okys rhu O;fä
ugÈ gSA (ftuesa ls de ls de ,d efgyk gksuh pkfg,) gksus
●● d
Fku 4 xyr gS% ;fn dksÃ euksuhr lnL; Ng eghus pkfg,A
dh lekfIr ds ckn fdlh jktuhfrd ny esa 'kkfey ●● b u iw.kZdkfyd lnL;ksa ds vykok] vk;ksx esa lkr
gksrk gS( og 10oÈ vuqlwph ds varxZr v;ksX;rk ds insu lnL;& lnL; & jk"Vªh; vYila[;d vk;ksx]
RE
fy, ik= gSA jk"Vªh; vuqlwfpr tkfr vk;ksx] jk"Vªh; vuqlwfpr
tutkfr vk;ksx] jk"Vªh; efgyk vk;ksx] jk"Vªh;
nycny ds vkèkkj ij v;ksX;rk fiNM+k oxZ vk;ksx vkSj jk"Vªh; cky vfèkdkj laj{k.k
●● l
afoèkku esa fufgr gS fd ;fn O;fä nloÈ vuqlwph ds vk;ksx ds vè;{k vkSj fodykax O;fä;ksa ds fy, eq[;
çkoèkkuksa ds varxZr ny&cny ds vkèkkj ij v;ksX; vk;qä gSaA vk;ksx ds dk;Z gSa %
?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gS rks mls laln lnL; gksus ds ♦♦ ekuo vfèkdkjksa ds fdlh Hkh mYya?ku ;k yksd
O
fy, v;ksX; ?kksf"kr fd;k tk,xkA fdlh lnL; dks lsod }kjk bl rjg ds mYya?ku dh jksdFkke
fuEufyf[kr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds varxZr ny&cny dkuwu esa ykijokgh dh tkap djuk] ;k rks Lo&çsj.kk
ds varxZr v;ksX; Bgjk;k tkrk gS% ls ;k bls çLrqr ;kfpdk ij ;k U;k;ky; ds
vkns'k ijA
SC
●● ;
fn og LosPNk ls ml jktuhfrd ny dh lnL;rk
NksM+ nsrk gS ftlds fVdV ij og lnu ds fy, pquk ♦♦ U;k;ky; ds le{k yafcr ekuokfèkdkjksa ds
tkrk gS( mYya?ku ds vkjksi okyh fdlh Hkh dk;Zokgh esa
gLr{ksi djukA
●● ;
fn og vius jktuhfrd ny }kjk fn, x, fdlh
funsZ'k ds foijhr lnu esa ernku djrk gS ;k ernku ♦♦ cafn;ksa ds jgus dh fLFkfr dk vè;;u djus vkSj
ls nwj jgrk gS( ml ij vuq'kalk djus ds fy, tsyksa vkSj fujksèk
LFkyksa dk nkSjk djukA
●● ;
GS
fn dksÃ Lora= :i ls fuokZfpr lnL; fdlh

jktuhfrd ny esa 'kkfey gksrk gS( vkSj ♦♦ ekuokfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, laoSèkkfud vkSj
vU; dkuwuh lqj{kk mik;ksa dh leh{kk djuk vkSj
●● ;
fn dksÃ euksuhr lnL; Ng eghus dh lekfIr ds
muds çHkkoh dk;kZUo;u ds mik;ksa dh vuq'kalk
ckn fdlh jktuhfrd ny esa 'kkfey gksrk gSA
djukA
●● n loÈ vuqlwph ds varxZr v;ksX;rk dk ç'u ij ♦♦ vkradokn ds —R;ksa lfgr mu dkjdksa dh leh{kk
jkT; lHkk ds ekeys esa lHkkifr }kjk vkSj yksdlHkk djuk tks ekuokfèkdkjksa ds miHkksx dks jksdrs gSa
ds ekeys esa yksdlHkk vè;{k }kjk fu.kZ; fd;k tkrk vkSj mipkjkRed mik;ksa dh vuq'kalk djukA
gS (u fd Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr }kjk)A 1992 esa] loksZPp
U;k;ky; us fu.kZ; lquk;k fd bl lacaèk esa lHkkifr@ ♦♦ ekuokfèkdkjksa ij lafèk;ksa vkSj vU; varjkZ"Vªh;
midj.kksa dk vè;;u djuk vkSj muds çHkkoh
vè;{k dk fu.kZ; U;kf;d leh{kk ds vèkhu gksrk gSA
dk;kZUo;u ds fy, vuq'kalk,a djukA
fo"k;% 10oÈ vuqlwph
♦♦ ekuo vfèkdkjksa ds {ks= esa vuqlaèkku djuk vkSj
mifo"k;% ny&cny ds vkèkkj ij v;ksX;rk
c<+kok nsukA
37. lgh fodYi% (b) ♦♦ yksxksa ds chp ekuokfèkdkj lk{kjrk dk çlkj
djuk vkSj bu vfèkdkjksa ds laj{k.k ds fy,
O;k[;k% miyCèk lqj{kk mik;ksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk dks
●● dFku 1 xyr gS% vè;{k Hkkjr dk lsokfuo`Ùk eq[; c<+kok nsukA
15 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
♦♦ dks ekuo vfèkdkjksa ds {ks= esa dke dj jgs vkSj lHkh jkT;ksa dh vkSlr çfr O;fä vk; ds chp
xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa (NGOs) ds ç;klksa dks dk varj gSA de çfr O;fä vk; okys jkT;ksa dks
çksRlkfgr djukA jkT;ksa ds chp bfDoVh cuk, j[kus ds fy, vf/kd
♦♦ ,sls vU; dk;Z djuk ftUgsa og ekuokfèkdkjksa ds fgLlk fn;k tk ldrk gSA
laoèkZu ds fy, vko';d le>sA fo"k;% foÙk vk;ksx
●● v k;ksx ds dk;Z eq[; :i ls vuq'kalkRed ç—fr mifo"k;% jktdks"kh; la?kokn
ds gSaA bls ekuo vfèkdkjksa ds mYya?kudrkZvksa dks
nafMr djus] ;k ihfM+r dks ekSfæd jkgr lfgr dksÃ 39. lgh fodYi% (d)
jkgr nsus dh dksÃ 'kfä ugÈ gSA fo'ks"k :i ls] O;k[;k%
bldh vuq'kalk,a lacafèkr ljdkj ;k çkfèkdj.k ds
●● lHkh dFku lgh gSa
fy, ckè;dkjh ugÈ gSaA ysfdu bldh vuq'kalkvksa ij
dh xÃ dkjZokÃ dh tkudkjh ,d ekg ds Hkhrj bls la?k dk;Zdkfj.kh
nh tkuh pkfg, pkfg,A
●● v
uqPNsn 74 ds vuqlkj çèkku ea=h dh vè;{krk okyh
fo"k;% jk"Vªh; ekuokfèkdkj vk;ksx eaf=ifj"kn dh lykg jk"Vªifr ij ckè;dkjh gksrh gSA
mifo"k;% jk"Vªh; ekuokfèkdkj vk;ksx ds dk;Z gkykafd mls dksÃ laoSèkkfud foosdkfèkdkj çkIr ugÈ
RE
gksrk gS] ysfdu mls dqN fLFkfrtU; foosdkfèkdkj
38. lgh fodYi% (a) çkIr gksrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] jk"Vªifr fuEufyf[kr
O;k[;k% fLFkfr;ksa esa vius foosd ls (vFkkZr~ eaf=;ksa dh lykg
ds fcuk) dk;Z dj ldrk gS%
●● fodYi ¼a½ lgh gSA
●● t
c fdlh ny dks yksdlHkk esa Li"V cgqer ugÈ
foÙk vk;ksx feyk gks ;k tc inklhu çèkku ea=h dh vpkud e`R;q
O
●● foÙk vk;ksx ,d laoS/kkfud :i ls vfuok;Z fudk; gks tkrh gS vkSj mldk dksÃ Li"V mÙkjkfèkdkjh ugÈ
gS tks jktdks"kh; la?kokn ds dsaæ esa gSA gks rc çèkku ea=h dh fu;qfä djukA
●● lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 280 ds rgr LFkkfir] bldh ●● t
c yksdlHkk esa foÜokl fl) u dj ikus ij
SC
eq[; ftEesnkjh la?k vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa ds foÙk dh eaf=ifj"kn dks c[kkZLr gks tkrh gksA
fLFkfr dk ewY;kadu djuk] muds chp djksa ds caVokjs ●● ; fn eaf=ifj"kn }kjk cgqer [kksus ds dkj.k yksdlHkk
dh flQkfj'k djuk vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp bu djksa ds dk fo?kVu gks tkrk gksA
forj.k dk fu/kkZj.k djus okys fl)karksa dks fu/kkZfjr fo"k;% la?k dk;Zdkfj.kh
djuk gSA
mifo"k;% la?k dk;Zdkfj.kh dh 'kfä vkSj dk;Z
●● bldh dk;Zç.kkyh dh fo'ks"krk ljdkjksa ds lHkh Lr-
jksa ds lkFk O;kid vkSj xgu ijke'kZ gS] bl çdkj 40. lgh fodYi% (b)
GS
;g lgdkjh la?kokn ds fl)kar dks etcwr djrk

gSA bldh flQkfj'ksa lkoZtfud O;; dh xq.koÙkk esa O;k[;k%
lq/kkj vkSj jktdks"kh; fLFkjrk dks c<+kok nsus dh ●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% laln dh eatwjh ds fcuk Hkkjr dh
fn'kk esa Hkh rS;kj gSaA lafpr fufèk ls iSlk ugÈ fudkyk tk ldrk gSA
●● vk;ksx ds dke dh nks fof'k"V fo'ks"krkvksa esa Øe'k% ●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% jkT; ljdkjksa dh vksj ls dkuwuh :i
dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa dh djk/kku 'kfä;ksa vkSj O;; ls lHkh vfèk—r Hkqxrku lacafèkr jkT; dh lafpr
ftEesnkfj;ksa ds chp Å/kZ~ok/kj vlarqyu dks nwj djuk fufèk ls fd, tkrs gSaA
vkSj jkT;ksa esa lHkh lkoZtfud lsokvksa dks leku
djuk 'kkfey gSA Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk
●● ;g vk;ksx ¼vU; ds chp½ dk drZO; gS fd og la?k ●● H kkjr dh lafpr fufèk lHkh ljdkjh [kkrksa esa lcls
vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp djksa dh 'kq) vk; ds forj.k ds egRoiw.kZ gSA
laca/k esa jk"Vªifr dks flQkfj'ksa djs] tks muds chp ●● H kkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 266 (1) ds varxZr] lHkh
foHkkftr fd;k tkuk gS] ;k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj jktLo (mnkgj.k ds fy, O;fäxr vk;dj] d‚iksZjsV
muds chp vkoaVu ,slh vk; ds lacaf/kr 'ks;jksa ds vk;dj] lhek 'kqYd vkSj mRikn 'kqYd ls dj&jktLo
jkT;A ds lkFk&lkFk xSj&dj jktLo tSls ykblsal 'kqYd]
●● mnkgj.k ds fy,] vk; nwjh jkT; dh çfr O;fä vk; ykHkka'k vkSj lkoZtfud {ks=d ds miØeksa ls çkIr
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 16
ykHk vkfn) dsaæ ljdkj }kjk çkIr ds lkFk&lkFk ●● b u dk;kZy;ksa esa lsokjr O;fä;ksa ds osru] HkÙks
Vªstjh fcy] vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh _.k tkjh djds vkSj isa'ku lfgr loksZPp U;k;ky;] Hkkjr ds
mBk, x, lHkh _.k vkSj _.k ds iquHkqZxrku esa dsaæ fu;a=d&egkys[kkijh{kd ds dk;kZy; vkSj la?k yksd
ljdkj }kjk çkIr lHkh èku dsUæ ljdkj ds fy, lsok vk;ksx ds ç'kklfud O;;A
*Hkkjr dh lesfdr fufèk* uked ,d lesfdr fufèk ●● _
.k 'kqYd ftlds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj mÙkjnk;h gS]
gksxhA
ftlesa C;kt] _.k 'kksèku fufèk 'kqYd vkSj ekspu
●● b lh çdkj] Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 266 (1) 'kqYd vkSj _.k tqVkus vkSj _.k dh lsok vkSj ekspu
ds vuqlkj] jkT; dh Hkh ,d lesfdr fufèk (çR;sd ls lacafèkr vU; O;; 'kkfey gSaA
jkT; ds fy, ,d vyx dks"k) dh LFkkiuk dh xÃ gS]
●● f dlh Hkh U;k;ky; ;k eè;LFk U;k;kfèkdj.k ds fdlh
tgka lHkh jktLo (nksuksa dj&jktLo tSls fcØh dj@
fu.kZ;] fMØh (vkKkfIr) ;k iapkV dk ikyu djus ds
VAT] LVkai 'kqYd vkfn vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk çkIr
fy, vko';d dksÃ Hkh jkf'kA
xSj&dj jktLo tSls jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk yxk, x,
mi;ksxdrkZ 'kqYd) ds lkFk&lkFk Vªstjh fcy tkjh ●● l
aln }kjk bl çdkj çHkkfjr ?kksf"kr dksÃ vU;
djds mBk, x, lHkh _.k] vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh _.k O;;A
vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk _.kksa ds iquHkqZxrku esa çkIr fo"k;% Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk
lHkh èku bl dk fgLlk gksxkA mi&fo"k;% Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk dk dk;Z
RE
●● H kkjr ljdkj dh vksj ls lHkh dkuwuh :i ls vfèk—r
Hkqxrku Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ls fd, tkrs gSaA 41. lgh fodYi% (c)
●● l
aln dh eatwjh ds fcuk Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ls O;k[;k%
dksÃ iSlk ugÈ fudkyk tk ldrk gSA
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% jkT; ea=h&ifj"kn }kjk viuk cgqer
●● H kkjr ds fu;a=d&egkys[kkijh{kd bu fufèk;ksa dk [kks nsus ij foèkku lHkk dk fo?kVu jkT;iky dh
O
v‚fMV (ys[kk&tks[kk) djrs gSa vkSj mfpr ys[kkadu fLFkfrtU; (vkSj laoSèkkfud ugÈ) foosdkèkhu 'kfä
çfØ;kvksa dk ikyu ugÈ fd, tkus ij la?k@jkT; gSA
foèkkueaMyksa dks fjiksVZ djrs gSaA
jkT;ikyksa dh laoSèkkfud foosdkèkhu 'kfä;ka
SC
çHkkfjr O;;%
●● jkT;iky ds ikl fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa esa laoSèkkfud
●● c tV esa nks çdkj ds O;; gksrs gSa& Hkkjr dh lafpr foosd gS%
fufèk ij *çHkkfjr* O;; vkSj Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ls
fd;k x;k O;;A ●● jk"Vªifr ds fopkj ds fy, ,d foèks;d dks jksdukA
●● ç Hkkfjr O;; ij laln esa ernku ugÈ fd;k tkrk ●● jkT; esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu yxkus dh vuq'kalkA
gS] vFkkZr bl ij dsoy laln }kjk ppkZ gh dh tk ●● , d fudVorÊ dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k ds ç'kkld ds :i
GS
ldrh gS] tcfd nwljs çdkj ds fy, laln }kjk esa vius dk;ks± dk ç;ksx djrs gq,A
ernku fd;k tkuk gSA ●● e s?kky;] f=iqjk vkSj fetksje ds jkT;iky }kjk ,d
çHkkfjr O;; dh lwph bl çdkj gS% Lok;Ùk tu&tkrh; ftyk ifj"kn dks ns; okÆ"kd
jkf'k dks [kfut vUos"k.k ds fy, ykblsal ls gksus
●● j k"Vªifr dh ifjyfCèk;ka (esgurkuk) vkSj HkÙks vkSj
okyh j‚;YVh ds :i esa fuèkkZfjr djukA
muds dk;kZy; ls lacafèkr vU; O;;A
●● j kT; ds ç'kklfud vkSj foèkk;h ekeyksa ds lacaèk esa
●● j kT;lHkk ds lHkkifr vkSj mi&lHkkifr vkSj yksdlHkk
eq[;ea=h ls tkudkjh çkIr djukA
ds vè;{k vkSj mikè;{k ds osru vkSj HkÙksA
●● m
i;qZä laoSèkkfud foosd ds vykok (vFkkZr] lafoèkku
●● m
Ppre U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa ds osru] HkÙks vkSj
esa mfYyf[kr Li"V foosd)] jkT;iky ds ikl] jk"Vªifr
isa'kuA
dh Hkkafr] fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa esa fLFkfrtU; foosd
mPp U;k;ky;ksa ds U;k;kèkh'kksa dh isa'kuA (;kuh] ,d çpfyr jktuhfrd fLFkfr dh vfuok;Zrk
ls çkIr fNik gqvk foosd) Hkh gSA %
●● H kkjr ds fu;a=d&egkys[kkijh{kd dk osru] HkÙks vkSj
isa'kuA ●● f dlh eq[;ea=h dh fu;qfä] tc jkT; foèkkulHkk esa
●● l
a?k yksd lsok vk;ksx ds vè;{k vkSj lnL;ksa ds fdlh Hkh ny ds ikl Li"V cgqer ugÈ gksrk gS ;k
osru] HkÙks vkSj isa'kuA tc eq[;ea=h dh vpkud e`R;q gks tkrh gS vkSj dksÃ
Li"V mÙkjkfèkdkjh ugÈ gksrk gSA
17 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
●● e af=ifj"kn dh c[kkZLrxh tc og jkT; foèkkulHkk esa pkj ckj & 1952] 1963] 1973 vkSj 2002 esa ifjlheu
foÜokl lkfcr ugÈ dj ldrh gSA jkT; foèkku lHkk vk;ksxksa dk xBu fd;k x;k FkkA
dk fo?kVu] ;fn eaf=ifj"kn us viuk cgqer [kks fn;k ●● 1 981 vkSj 1991 dh tux.kuk ds ckn dksÃ ifjlheu
gSA ugÈ gqvkA
fo"k;% jkT;iky fo"k;% ifjlheu vk;ksx
mi&fo"k;% jkT;iky dh 'kfä;ka mi&fo"k;% ifjlheu vk;ksx dk dk;Z
42. lgh fodYi% (c) 43. lgh fodYi% (b)

O;k[;k% O;k[;k%
●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% vuqPNsn 82 ds vuqlkj] çR;sd ●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% jkT;iky dks Lok;Ùk ftyksa dks
tux.kuk ds ckn laln ,d ifjlheu vfèkfu;e O;ofLFkr vkSj iquxZfBr djus dk vfèkdkj gSA
cukrh gSA
●● d
Fku 3 xyr gS% laln ;k jkT; foèkkueaMy ds
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% ,slk lnL; tks ,d ,slk O;fä gksxk vfèkfu;e Lok;Ùk ftyksa vkSj Lok;Ùk {ks=ksa ij ykxw
vkSj tks loksZPp U;k;ky; dk U;k;kèkh'k gS ;k jgk gS] ugÈ gksrs gSa ;k fuÆn"V la'kksèkuksa vkSj vioknksa ds lkFk
mls dsaæ ljdkj }kjk vk;ksx dk vè;{k fu;qä fd;k
ykxw gksrs gSaA
RE
tkrk gSA
Lok;Ùk ftyk ifj"kn
ifjlheu vk;ksx
●● N
Bh vuqlwph ds varxZr lafoèkku esa pkj mÙkj&iwoÊ
●● i fjlheu fdlh ns'k esa tula[;k esa ifjorZu dk jkT;ksa vle] es?kky;] f=iqjk vkSj fetksje esa vkfnoklh
çfrfufèkRo djus ds fy, {ks=h; fuokZpu {ks=ksa dh {ks=ksa ds ç'kklu ds fy, fo'ks"k çkoèkku gSaA
lhekvksa dks r; djus dh çfØ;k gSA
●● v
uqPNsn 244 & vuqlwfpr {ks=ksa vkSj tutkrh; {ks=ksa
O
●● v
uqPNsn 82 ds varxZr] laln çR;sd tux.kuk ds dk ç'kklu
ckn ,d ifjlheu vfèkfu;e cukrh gSA
●● v
uqPNsn 244A & vle esa dqN vkfnoklh {ks=ksa dks
●● v
uqPNsn 170 ds vèkhu] jkT;ksa dks Hkh çR;sd feykdj ,d Lok;Ùk jkT; dk xBu vkSj LFkkuh;
SC
tux.kuk ds ckn ifjlheu vfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj foèkkf;dk ;k eaf=ifj"kn ;k blfy, nksuksa dk
{ks=h; fuokZpu {ks=ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA fuekZ.k
●● i fjlheu vk;ksx dks Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr }kjk fu;qä ●● p
kj jkT;ksa vle] es?kky;] f=iqjk vkSj fetksje esa
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g Hkkjrh; pquko vk;ksx ds vkfnoklh {ks=ksa dks Lok;Ùk ftyksa ds :i esa xfBr
lg;ksx ls dke djrk gSA fd;k x;k gSA
la?kVu% ●● j kT;iky dks Lok;Ùk ftyksa dks O;ofLFkr vkSj
GS
iquxZfBr djus dk vfèkdkj gSA bl çdkj] og muds

●● lqçhe dksVZ ds lsokfuo`Ùk U;k;kèkh'k
{ks=ksa dks c<+k ;k ?kVk ldrk gS ;k muds uke cny
●● eq[; pquko vk;qä ldrk gS ;k mudh lhekvksa dks ifjHkkf"kr dj ldrk
●● lacafèkr jkT; pquko vk;qä gS ;k blh HkkafrA
●● , d lnL;] tks ,d ,slk O;fä gksxk tks loksZPp ●● ç R;sd Lok;Ùk ftys esa ,d ftyk ifj"kn gksrh gS
U;k;ky; dk U;k;kèkh'k gS ;k jgk gS] mls dsaæ ljdkj ftlesa 30 lnL; gksrs gSa] ftuesa ls pkj jkT;iky
}kjk vk;ksx dk vè;{k fu;qä fd;k tk,xkA }kjk euksuhr gksrs gSaA 'ks"k 26 o;Ld erkfèkdkj ds
●● ;
g tula[;k ds leku [kaM dks leku çfrfufèkRo vkèkkj ij pqus tkrs gSaA fuokZfpr lnL; ikap lky
çnku djus ds fy, dk;Z djrk gSA dh vofèk ds fy, in ij jgrs gSa (;k tc rd
ifj"kn igys Hkax ugÈ gks tkrh) vkSj euksuhr lnL;
●● ;
g Þ,d oksV ,d ewY;Þ ds fl)kar dk ikyu djrk
jkT;iky dh —iki;±r in ij jgrs gSaA
gSA
●● v
ius {ks=h; vfèkdkj {ks= ds Hkhrj ftyk vkSj {ks=h;
●● i gyh ifjlheu çfØ;k jk"Vªifr }kjk (pquko vk;ksx
ifj"knsa tutkfr;ksa ds chp eqdneksa vkSj ekeyksa dh
dh lgk;rk ls) 1950&51 esa dh xÃ FkhA
lquokÃ ds fy, xzke ifj"knksa ;k vnkyrksa dk xBu
●● i fjlheu vk;ksx vfèkfu;e 1952 esa vfèkfu;fer dj ldrh gSaA os muls vihy lqurs gSaA bu eqdneksa
fd;k x;k FkkA vkSj ekeyksa ij mPp U;k;ky; dk vfèkdkj {ks=
●● 1952] 1962] 1972 vkSj 2002 ds vfèkfu;eksa ds rgr jkT;iky }kjk fuÆn"V fd;k tkrk gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 18
●● l aln ;k jkT; foèkkueaMy ds vfèkfu;e Lok;Ùk ●● b uds laLFkkiu ds ikÜoZ esa rdZlaxrrk ns'k dh
ftyksa vkSj Lok;Ùk {ks=ksa ij ykxw ugÈ gksrs gSa ;k laçHkqrk] ,drk] v[kaMrk vkSj lqj{kk] yksdrkaf=d
fuÆn"V la'kksèkuksa vkSj vioknksa ds lkFk ykxw gksrs jktuhfrd O;oLFkk vkSj lafoèkku dh j{kk djuk gSA
gSaA ●● l
afoèkku rhu çdkj dh vkikr fLFkfr;ksa dks fuèkkZfjr
fo"k;% Lok;Ùk ftyk ifj"knsa djrk gS &
mi&fo"k;% Lok;Ùk ftyk ifj"knksa ds dk;Z ♦♦ jk"Vªh; vkikr dky
44. lgh fodYi% (a) ♦♦ laoSèkkfud vkikr dky

♦♦ foÙkh; vkikr dky
O;k[;k%
●● dqN vkèkkjksa ij vkikrdkyhu çkoèkkuksa dh vkykspuk
●● d
Fku 4 xyr gS% ns'khdj.k ukxfjdrk çkIr djus dk fuEu çdkj dh xÃ gS%
,d rjhdk gSA
●● l
afoèkku dk la?kh; pfj= u"V gks tk,xk vkSj la?k
ukxfjdrk loZ'kfäeku gks tk,xk
●● g kykafd Hkkjrh; lafoèkku la?kh; gS vkSj nksgjh ●● j kT; dh 'kfä;k¡ & la?k vkSj bdkb;k¡ nksuksa& iwjh
jktuhfr (dsaæ vkSj jkT;) dh ifjdYiuk djrk gS] rjg ls la?k dh dk;Zikfydk ds gkFkksa esa dsafær gks
RE
ysfdu ;g dsoy ,d gh ukxfjdrk ;kuh Hkkjrh; tk,axhA
ukxfjdrk çnku djrk gSA ●● jk"Vªifr rkuk'kkg cu tk,xkA
●● n wljh vksj] la;qä jkT; vesfjdk tSls ns'kksa esa] çR;sd ●● jkT;ksa dh foÙkh; Lok;Ùkrk lekIr gks tk,xhA
O;fä u dsoy la;qä jkT; vesfjdk dk ukxfjd gS]
●● e wy vfèkdkj fujFkZd gks tk,axs vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i
cfYd og vius lacafèkr jkT; fo'ks"k dk Hkh ukxfjd
lafoèkku dh yksdrkaf=d uÈo u"V gks tk,xhA
gksrk gSA
●● l
O
afoèkku ds Hkkx II ds vuqPNsn 5 ls 11 rd ukxfjdrk
fo"k;% vkikr dky
mi&fo"k;% vkikrdkyhu çkoèkku
ls lacafèkr gSA
●● ;
g laln dks ,sls ekeyksa vkSj ukxfjdrk ls lacafèkr 46. lgh fodYi% (c)
SC
fdlh Hkh vU; ekeys ds fy, dkuwu cukus dk
vfèkdkj nsrk gSA O;k[;k%
●● u kxfjdrk vfèkfu;e] 1955] ukxfjdrk [kksus ds rhu ●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% yksd lHkk dk vè;{k tula[;k vkSj
rjhds fuèkkZfjr djrk gS] pkgs mls vfèkfu;e ds tu LokLF; ij lalnh; Qksje dks NksM+dj lHkh eapksa
varxZr çkIr fd;k x;k gks ;k blls igys lafoèkku dk insu vè;{k gksrk gSA
ds vèkhu çkIr fd;k x;k gks%
lalnh; Qksje
GS
♦♦ ifjR;kx }kjk
●● l
alnh; Qksje dh LFkkiuk lacafèkr eaf=;ksa ds lkFk
♦♦ lekfIr }kjk egRoiw.kZ eqíksa ij foe'kZ vkSj ppkZ dk ,d eap çnku
♦♦ ljdkj }kjk lekIr fd;k tkuk djus ds fy, dh tkrh gSA
fo"k;% ukxfjdrk ●● t
y laj{k.k vkSj çcaèku ij igyk lalnh; Qksje o"kZ
mi&fo"k;% ukxfjdrk ds ekunaM 2005 esa xfBr fd;k x;k FkkA blds ckn] lkr vkSj
lalnh; Qksjeksa dk xBu fd;k x;k FkkA
45. lgh fodYi% (c) ●● y
ksdlHkk dk vè;{k tula[;k vkSj lkoZtfud LokLF;
O;k[;k% ij lalnh; Qksje dks NksM+dj lHkh Qksjeksa dk insu
vè;{k gksrk gS] ftlesa jkT;lHkk dk lHkkifr insu
●● d
Fku 4 xyr gS% ekSfyd ;k ewy vfèkdkj fujFkZd gks vè;{k gksrk gS vkSj yksdlHkk vè;{k insu lg&vè;{k
ldrs gSa] ekSfyd drZO; ugÈA gksrk gSA
vkikr lacaèkh çkoèkku ●● j kT; lHkk ds mi&lHkkifr] yksdlHkk ds mikè;{k]
●● vkikr lacaèkh çkoèkku Hkkjr ds lafoèkku ds Hkkx lacafèkr ea=h vkSj foHkkx ls lacafèkr LFkk;h lfefr;ksa
XVIII esa vuqPNsn 352 ls 360 rd fufgr gSaA ;s ds vè;{k lacafèkr Qksjeksa ds insu mikè;{k gksrs gSaA
çkoèkku dsaæ ljdkj dks fdlh Hkh vlkekU; fLFkfr ●● ç R;sd Qksje (eap) esa 31 ls vfèkd lnL; ugÈ gksrs
ls çHkkoh <ax ls fuiVus esa l{ke cukrs gSaA gSa (vè;{k] lg&vè;{k vkSj mikè;{k dks NksM+dj)
19 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
●● Q ksje ds lnL;ksa ds dk;kZy; dh vofèk lacafèkr lkalnksa dks mudh O;fäxr {kerk esa çkIr gSa] ftlds
lnuksa esa mudh lnL;rk ds lkFk lekIr gksrh gSA fcuk os lafoèkku }kjk lkSais x, dk;ks± dk fuoZgu ugÈ
dksÃ lnL; vè;{k dks i= fy[kdj eap ls bLrhQk dj ldrs gSaA
Hkh ns ldrk gSA
●● f o'ks"kkfèkdkj dk mYya?ku lkalnksa@laln ds fdlh Hkh
fo"k;% laln fo'ks"kkfèkdkj dk mYya?ku gSA
mi&fo"k;% lalnh; Qksje
●● v
U; ckrksa ds vykok] lkalnksa] laln ;k mldh
lfefr;ksa ij fdlh Hkh dkjZokÃ dk *çfrÇccu (çfrdwy
47. lgh fodYi% (b)
fVIi.kh)*( fo'ks"kkfèkdkj dk mYya?ku ekuk tk ldrk
O;k[;k% gSA
●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 19(1) ds ●● b lesa lekpkjksa dk çdk'ku] laikndh; ;k lekpkj
varxZr lwpuk dk vfèkdkj ,d ewy vfèkdkj gSA i=@if=dk@Vhoh lk{kkRdkjksa ;k lkoZtfud Hkk"k.kksa
●● d
Fku 3 xyr gS% dqN lwpuk,a tks Hkkjr dh laçHkqrk esa fn, x, c;ku 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA
vkSj v[kaMrk dks çHkkfor dj ldrh gSa] mUgsa RTI ●● l nu vijkèk djus okys O;fä dh mifLFkfr lqfuf'pr
ds nk;js ls ckgj j[kk x;k gSA dj ldrk gSA O;fä dks psrkouh nh tk ldrh gS
lwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e (Right to Information vkSj fQj tSlk Hkh ekeyk gks mls tkus fn;k tk
RE
ldrk gS ;k tsy Hkstk tk ldrk gSA ipsZ vkSj pIiy
Act)
Qsadus ds ekeys esa vijkèk djus okys O;fä;ksa dks
●● RTI ;k lwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e ,d ewy lkèkkj.k dkjkokl dh ltk gks ldrh gSA
vfèkdkj gS vkSj ;g Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 19
fo"k;% laln
(1) (,) dk ,d igyw gSA
mi&fo"k;% lnu dh voekuuk
●● l
jdkj us 2005 esa lwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e
O
cuk;k tks bl ewy vfèkdkj dk ç;ksx djus ds fy,
49. lgh fodYi% (d)
O;oLFkk çnku djrk gSA
●● l
jdkj ds LokfeRo vkSj fu;a=.k okyh lHkh laoSèkkfud O;k[;k%
çkfèkdj.k ;k ,tsafl;ka] vkSj os laxBu Hkh ftUgsa ●● dFku 1 xyr gS% lafoèkku ds 61osa la'kksèku vfèkfu;e us
SC
ljdkj }kjk i;kZIr :i ls foÙkiksf"kr fd;k tkrk gS] ernku ds fy, U;wure vk;q 21 ls ?kVkdj 18 o"kZ
bl vfèkfu;e ds nk;js esa vkrs gSaA dj nhA
●● u kxfjd ljdkj }kjk laln esa çdV dh tk ldus ●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% vafre pj.k dk pquko lekIr gksus
okyh dksÃ Hkh tkudkjh dh ljdkjh vfèkdkfj;ksa ls ds ckn gh ,fXtV iksy ds urhts çlkfjr fd, tk
ekax dj ldrs gSaA ldrs FksA
●● d
qN ,slh lwpuk,a tks Hkkjr dh laçHkqrk vkSj v[kaMrk ●● d
Fku 3 xyr gS% 2013 esa] pquko vk;ksx us ns'k esa
GS
dks çHkkfor dj ldrh gSa] mUgsa RTI ds nk;js ls iksLVy cSysV (Mkd er i=) dks oksÇVx ds nk;js dk
ckgj j[kk x;k gSA
foLrkj djus dk QSlyk fd;kA
●● v karfjd lqj{kk] fons'kksa ds lkFk lacaèkksa] ckSf)d
laink vfèkdkj (IPR) vkSj dSfcusV ppkZ ls lacafèkr pqukoh lqèkkj
tkudkjh dks RTI ls NwV nh xÃ gSA ●● e rnku dh vk;q de djuk% lafoèkku ds 61osa la'kksèku
fo"k;% lwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e us ernku ds fy, U;wure vk;q 21 ls
mi&fo"k;% lwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e ?kVkdj 18 o"kZ dj nhA
●● b ysDVª‚fud oksÇVx e'khu (EVMs)% igyh ckj 1998
48. lgh fodYi% (a) esa fnYyh] eè; çns'k vkSj jktLFkku ds jkT; pqukoksa
O;k[;k% ds nkSjku bUgsa 'kq: fd;k x;k Fkk] vc EVM dk
●● dFku 3 xyr gS% i=d (ipsZ) vkSj pIiy Qsadus ds O;kid :i ls mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd os
ekeys esa vijkèk djus okys O;fä;ksa dks lkèkkj.k i;kZoj.k ds ekeys esa QqyçwQ (vHks|)] dq'ky vkSj
dkjkokl dh ltk gks ldrh gSA csgrj fodYi gSaA
●● p
qukoh [kpZ dh vfèkdre lhek% orZeku esa] dksÃ
fo'ks"kkfèkdkj dk mYya?ku ;k lnu dh voekuuk jktuhfrd ny pquko esa ;k fdlh mEehnokj ij
●● l
alnh; fo'ks"kkfèkdkj ls rkRi;Z mu vfèkdkjksa vkSj fdruk [kpZ dj ldrk gS] bldh dksÃ lhek ugÈ gSA
çfrj{kk ls gS tks laln dks ,d laLFkk ds :i esa vkSj ysfdu] vk;ksx us vyx&vyx mEehnokjksa ds [kpZ
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 20
ij lhek yxk nh gSA yksdlHkk pquko ds fy, ;g #- ●● v
ius vkfèkdkfjd drZO;ksa ds fuoZgu esa] egkfèkoäk
54&70 yk[k (jkT; ds vkèkkj ij os yksdlHkk lhV jkT; ds Hkhrj fdlh Hkh vnkyr ds le{k is'k gksus
ls pquko yM+ jgs gSa)] vkSj foèkkulHkk pquko ds fy, dk gdnkj gSA
# 20&28 yk[k gSA ●● b lds vykok] mls jkT; foèkkf;dk ds nksuksa lnuksa ;k
●● , fXtV iksy ij çfrcaèk% pquko vk;ksx us 2019 ds jkT; foèkkueaMy dh fdlh Hkh lfefr dh dk;Zokgh
yksdlHkk pquko ls igys ,d c;ku tkjh dj dgk esa cksyus vkSj Hkkx ysus dk vfèkdkj gS] ftlesa mls
fd ,fXtV iksy ds urhts vafre pj.k ds pquko lnL; ukfer fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu oksV nsus ds
[kRe gksus ds ckn gh çlkfjr fd, tk ldrs gSaA ;g vfèkdkj ds fcukA og mu lHkh fo'ks"kkfèkdkjksa vkSj
laHkkfor ernkrkvksa dks fdlh Hkh rjg ls xqejkg ;k çfrj{kk vkuan ysrk gS tks jkT; foèkkf;dk ds lnL;
iwokZxzg ls xzflr gksus ls cpkus ds fy, fd;k x;k ds fy, miyCèk gSaA
FkkA
fo"k;% jkT; dk egkfèkoäk
●● i ksLVy cSysV ls ernku% 2013 esa] pquko vk;ksx us ns'k mi&fo"k;% jkT; ds egkfèkoäk ds dk;Z
esa iksLVy cSysV oksÇVx ds nk;js dk foLrkj djus
dk QSlyk fd;kA igys] fons'kksa esa fe'kuksa esa dsoy 51. lgh fodYi% (c)
Hkkjrh; deZpkjh vkSj lhfer rjhds ls j{kk deÊ gh
Mkd er i=ksa ds ekè;e ls ernku dj ldrs FksA O;k[;k%
RE
vc] ernkrkvksa dh 6 Jsf.k;ka gSa tks Mkd er i= dk ●● tksM+h 2 dk xyr feyku fd;k x;k gS% O;fäxr
mi;ksx dj ldrh gSa% lsok ernkrk( fo'ks"k ernkrk( laifÙk ds vf/kxzg.k ij eqvkots dk fu.kZ; ljdkj
lsok ernkrkvksa vkSj fo'ks"k ernkrkvksa dh ifRu;ka( }kjk r; fd;k tkuk 25osa la'kks/ku ds ek/;e ls fd;k
fuokjd fujksèk ds vèkhu ernkrk( pquko MîwVh ij x;k FkkA
ernkrk vkSj vfèklwfpr ernkrkA
fo"k;% Hkkjr fuokZpu vk;ksx çeq[k la'kks/ku
mi&fo"k;% pqukoh lqèkkj
O ●● 103osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku] 2019 esa vuqPNsn 15¼6½ vkSj
vuqPNsn 16¼6½ dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k vkSj lkekU;
50. lgh fodYi% (c) oxZ ds chp lekt ds vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxZ dks
10 çfr'kr vkj{k.k çnku fd;k x;kA
SC
O;k[;k%
●● 24oka lafo/kku la'kks/ku 1971] laln us xksydukFk
●● d
Fku 1 lgh gS% og jkT;iky dh çlUurk (—ikik=
ekeys esa lqçhe dksVZ ds QSlys dks iyV fn;k vkSj
gksus) rd gh in èkkj.k djrk@djrh gSA
dgk fd laln ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa lfgr lafo/kku ds
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% ,d O;fä dks nl lky ds fy, fdlh Hkh çko/kku esa la'kks/ku dj ldrh gSA
U;kf;d in ij gksuk pkfg, ;k nl lky ds fy,
mPp U;k;ky; dk odhy gksuk pkfg,A ●● 44oka lafo/kku la'kks/ku] 1978] laifÙk ds vf/kdkj dks
ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa ds v/;k; ¼vuqPNsn 19 ¼1½ ¼f½½ vkSj
GS
,d jkT; ds egkfèkoäk vuqPNsn 31 ls fujLr dj fn;k x;k vkSj vuqPNsn

●● e gkfèkoäk dh fu;qfä jkT;iky djrk gSA og ,slk 300 A esa laifÙk] vuqca/k vkSj okn v/;k; ds rgr
O;fä gksuk pkfg, tks mPp U;k;ky; dk U;k;kèkh'k 'kkfey fd;k x;kA
fu;qä gksus ds ;ksX; gksA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] mls Hkkjr dk ●● 26osa lafo/kku la'kks/ku] 1971 us fj;klrksa ds fçoh ilZ
ukxfjd gksuk pkfg, vkSj nl lky rd U;kf;d in ds vf/kdkj dks lekIr dj fn;kA
ij jgk gksuk pkfg, ;k 10 lky rd mPp U;k;ky; fo"k;% la'kks/ku
dk odhy gksuk pkfg,A mifo"k;% çeq[k la'kks/ku
●● e gkfèkoäk dk dk;Zdky lafoèkku }kjk fuèkkZfjr ugÈ
gSA blds vykok] lafoèkku esa mls gVkus dh çfØ;k 52. lgh fodYi% (a)
vkSj vkèkkj 'kkfey ugÈ gSaA og jkT;iky dh —ik
rd gh in èkkj.k djrk gSA O;k[;k%
●● b ldk vFkZ gS fd jkT;iky mUgsa dHkh Hkh gVk ldrs ●● fodYi (a) lgh gS%
gSaA og jkT;iky dks viuk bLrhQk lkSaidj Hkh viuk
in NksM+ ldrs gSaA ijaijkxr :i ls] og bLrhQk gyok lekjksg
ns nsrk gS tc ljdkj (eaf=ifj"kn) bLrhQk ns nsrh ●● d
saæh; ctV 2021&22 ds fy, ctV cukus dh
gS ;k mls cny fn;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd mls mldh çfØ;k ds vafre pj.k dks fpfàr djrs gq, gyok
lykg ij gh fu;qä fd;k tkrk gSA lekjksg vkt nksigj dsaæh; foÙk vkSj d‚iksZjsV ekeyksa
21 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
ds ea=h dh mifLFkfr esa u‚FkZ Cy‚d esa vk;ksftr fd;k djrh gSA ekSr ds vykok] cykRdkj vkSj ;kruk
x;kA fgjklr esa Çglk ds nks vU; :i gSaA gkykafd] fgjklr
●● c tV rS;kj djus dh Þy‚d&buÞ çfØ;k 'kq: gksus esa Çglk 'kCn dks fdlh Hkh dkuwu ds rgr ifjHkkf"kr
ls igys gj lky ,d ikjaifjd gyok lekjksg fd;k ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA
tkrk gSA ●● H kkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 22(1) ds varxZr odhy
●● c tV rS;kj djus dh çfØ;k dh xksiuh;rk cuk, dk vfèkdkj Hkh ,d ewy vfèkdkj gSA
j[kus ds fy, *gyok lekjksg* ds ckn Þy‚d&buÞ ●● H kkjr esa vR;kpkj fojksèkh dkuwu ugÈ gS vkSj vHkh rd
euk;k tkrk gSA fgjklr esa Çglk dks vijkèk ?kksf"kr ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA
●● g yok ijksls tkus ds ckn] ctV cukus vkSj NikÃ ●● g kykafd Hkkjr us 1997 esa vR;kpkj ds f[kykQ la;qä
çfØ;k ls lhèks tqM+s vfèkdkfj;ksa vkSj lgk;d jk"Vª lEesyu (UNCAT) ij gLrk{kj fd, gSa] ysfdu
deZpkfj;ksa dks ctV çsl (u‚FkZ Cy‚d ds vanj fLFkr) bldh iqf"V vHkh ugÈ dh gSA UNCAT dk mís'; nqfu;k
esa jguk gksrk gS vkSj yksdlHkk esa dsUæh; ctV dh Hkj esa vR;kpkj vkSj Øwj] vekuoh; ;k viekutud
çLrqfr rd vius ifjokjksa ls vyx jguk iM+rk gSA O;ogkj ;k ltk ds vU; —R;ksa dks jksduk gSA
●● , d vHkwriwoZ igy esa] dsaæh; ctV 2021&22 dks fo"k;% Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk
igyh ckj isijysl :i fn;k x;kA dsaæh; ctV mi&fo"k;% fgjklr esa Çglk
RE
2021&22 1 Qjojh] 2021 dks is'k fd;k tkuk gSA
●● b l volj ij] foÙk ea=h us laln lnL;ksa (lkalnksa) 54. lgh fodYi% (c)
vkSj vke turk }kjk fMftVy lqfoèkk ds ljyre O;k[;k%
:i dk mi;ksx djds ctV nLrkostksa dh ijs'kkuh
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% laoSèkkfud U;k;ky;ksa ds le{k lwphc)
eqä igqap ds fy, Þdsaæh; ctV eksckby ,siÞ Hkh
ekeyksa dh lquokÃ ls U;k;kèkh'kksa dks vyx djus ij
y‚Up fd;kA eksckby ,si lafoèkku }kjk fuèkkZfjr
O
dksÃ fyf[kr fu;e ugÈ gSaA bls U;k;kèkh'k ds foosd
okÆ"kd foÙkh; fooj.k (vkerkSj ij ctV ds :i esa
ij NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA
tkuk tkrk gS)] vuqnku dh ekax (DG)] foÙk foèks;d
vkfn lfgr 14 dsaæh; ctV nLrkostksa rd iw.kZ igqap U;k;kèkh'kksa dk okn ls vyx gksuk
dh lqfoèkk çnku djrk gSA
SC
●● v
kaèkz mPp U;k;ky; us Þfe'ku fcYM A.P.Þ ds rgr
fo"k;% dsaæh; ctV xqaVwj vkSj fo'kk[kkiÙkue ftyksa esa ljdkjh Hkwfe dh
mi&fo"k;% gyok lekjksg çLrkfor fcØh ds f[kykQ nk;j ;kfpdkvksa ij
lquokÃ ls U;k;kèkh'k dks gVkus dh ;kfpdk [kkfjt
53. lgh fodYi% (b) dj nhA
O;k[;k% ●● f dlh fo'ks"k ekeys esa] fo'ks"k :i ls fgrksa ds Vdjko
GS
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% ;kruk ls lqj{kk Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds dkj.k U;k;kèkh'k ;k uhfr fuekZrk ds :i esa [kqn
ds vuqPNsn 21 (thou dk vfèkdkj) esa fufgr ,d dks gVkuk fjD;wly (Recusal) dgykrk gSA
ewy vfèkdkj gS] tgka fu'kqYd dkuwuh lgk;rk dk ●● f jD;wly (ekeys ls Lo;a gVuk ;k gVk;k tkuk)
vfèkdkj] vekuoh; O;ogkj ds f[kykQ vfèkdkj] vkerkSj ij rc gksrk gS tc fdlh tt ds fgrksa dk
fgjklr esa mRihM+u ds fo#) vfèkdkj] thou dh Vdjko gksrk gS ;k ekeys esa ikÆV;ksa ds lkFk mldk
vko';drk,a lacaèkh dSnh ds vfèkdkj tSls vfèkdkj iwoZ lacaèk gksrk gSA
mfYyf[kr gSaA
fjD;wly ds fy, vkèkkj
●● d
Fku 3 xyr gS% Hkkjr us 1997 esa UNCAT ij
gLrk{kj fd, gSa] ysfdu bldh vHkh iqf"V ugÈ dh ●● U ;k;kèkh'k ,d i{k ds i{k esa] ;k nwljs ds i{k ds
gSA fo#) gS] ;k ,d oLrqijd i;Zos{kd ;g lksprk gS
fd ,slk gks ldrk gSA
fgjklr esa Çglk ●● f o"k; oLrq esa #fp] ;k mlesa #fp j[kus okys fdlh
●● d
fFkr :i ls fgjklr esa Çglk ls rfeyukMq ds ,d O;fä ds lkFk lacaèkA
firk&iq= dh gky gh esa gqÃ ekSr us iwjs ns'k esa xqLlk ●● i `"BHkwfe ;k vuqHko] tSls fd ,d odhy ds :i esa
HkM+dk fn;k gSA U;k;kèkh'k dk iwoZ dk;ZA
●● f gjklr esa gksus okyh Çglk eq[; :i ls iqfyl ●● i {kksa ;k ekeys ds rF;ksa ds ckjs esa O;fäxr
fgjklr vkSj U;kf;d fgjklr esa Çglk dks lanÆHkr tkudkjhA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 22
●● odhyksa ;k xSj&odhyksa ds lkFk ,drjQk lapkjA 56. lgh fodYi% (c)
●● fofu.kZ;] fVIif.k;ka ;k vkpj.kA O;k[;k%
●● l aoSèkkfud U;k;ky;ksa esa muds le{k lwphc) ekeyksa ●● dFku 3 xyr gS% ,slh lfefr nksuksa lnuksa esa cukÃ tk
dh lquokÃ ls U;k;kèkh'kksa dks vyx djus ij dksÃ
ldrh gSA nksuksa lnuksa esa] lfefr esa 15 lnL; gksrs
fyf[kr fu;e ugÈ gSaA bls U;k;kèkh'k ds foosd ij
gSaA
NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA
fo"k;% Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk çR;k;ksftr foèkku
mi&fo"k;% U;k;kèkh'kksa dk cfg"dkj ●● l
aln ,d <kaps ds :i esa dkuwu cukrh gS vkSj
dk;Zikfydk dks ewy dkuwu ds <kaps ds Hkhrj foLr`r
55. lgh fodYi% (c) fu;e vkSj fofu;e cukus ds fy, vfèk—r djrh
O;k[;k% gSA bls çR;k;ksftr foèkk;u ;k dk;Zdkjh foèkk;u
●● fodYi ¼c½ lgh gSA ;k vèkhuLFk foèkk;u ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA ,sls
fu;eksa vkSj fofu;eksa dks ijh{k.k ds fy, laln ds
laifÙk dk vf/kdkj le{k j[kk tkrk gSA
●● ewy :i ls] laifÙk dk vf/kdkj lafo/kku ds Hkkx III ●● * çR;k;ksftr foèkku* ds fodkl us foLr`r dkuwu
RE
ds rgr lkr ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa esa ls ,d FkkA cukus esa laln dh Hkwfedk dks de dj fn;k gS vkSj
●● l
aln vkSj U;k;ikfydk ds chp dbZ fooknksa ds ukSdj'kkgh dh 'kfä;ksa esa o`f) dh gSA
dkj.k] 1978 ds 44osa la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e us Hkkx III
●● f oèkk;u (foèkku&fuekZ.k) laln dk ,d varÆufgr
ls vuqPNsn 19¼1½ ¼f½ vkSj vuqPNsn 31 dks fujLr
vkSj vfoHkkT; vfèkdkj gSA ;g ns[kk tkuk pkfg,
djds ekSfyd vf/kdkj ds :i esa laifÙk ds vf/kdkj
fd vèkhuLFk foèkk;u dgs tkus okys dh vkM+ esa u
dks lekIr dj fn;kA blds ctk;] vf/kfu;e us
O
'laifÙk ds vf/kdkj^ 'kh"kZd ds rgr Hkkx XII esa ,d
rks bl 'kfä dks gM+ik tk jgk gks vkSj u gh bldk
u;k vuqPNsn 300A cuk;k x;kA vfrØe.k fd;k tk jgk gksA
●● ;g çko/kku djrk gS fd dkuwu ds vf/kdkj ds vykok ●● v

èkhuLFk foèkk;u lacaèkh lfefr bl ckr dh tkap
djrh gS fd D;k lafoèkku }kjk çnÙk ;k foèkkf;dk
SC
fdlh Hkh O;fä dks mldh laifÙk ls oafpr ugha fd;k
tk,xkA bl çdkj] laifÙk dk vf/kdkj vHkh Hkh ,d }kjk ikfjr fdlh vfèkfu;e ds rgr çR;k;ksftr
dkuwuh vf/kdkj ;k ,d laoS/kkfud vf/kdkj cuk gqvk 'kfä;ksa dk fofèkor ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS ;k ugÈ vkSj
gS] gkykafd vc ;g ekSfyd vf/kdkj ugha gSA ;g os çnÙk ;k çR;k;ksftr lhekvksa ds Hkhrj gh gSa] u fd
lafo/kku ds ewy <kaps dk fgLlk ugha gSA blds ijsA
●● dkuwuh vf/kdkj ds :i esa laifÙk ds vf/kdkj ¼ekSfyd ●● m
ls ;g ns[kuk gksxk fd çR;k;ksftr foèkk;u mlds
vf/kdkjksa ls fHkUu½ ds fuEufyf[kr fufgrkFkZ gSa% fy, fuèkkZfjr {ks=ksa ds ckgj vfrØe.k ugÈ djrk
GS
♦♦ bls laln ds ,d lkekU; dkuwu }kjk laoS/kkfud gS] vkSj ;g Hkh fd og ml {ks= esa ?kqliSB djus dk
la'kks/ku ds fcuk fofu;fer fd;k tk ldrk gS] lkgl ugÈ djrk gS tks Lo;a dsoy foèkkf;dk dk gh
?kVk;k] laf{kIr ;k la'kksf/kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fuèkkZfjr {ks= gSA
♦♦ ;g dk;Zdkjh dkjZokbZ ds fo#) futh laifÙk ●● nksuksa lnuksa esa] lfefr esa 15 lnL; gksrs gSaA
dh lqj{kk djrk gS ysfdu fo/kk;h dkjZokbZ ds fo"k;% foèkk;u
fo#) ughaA mi&fo"k;% çR;k;ksftr foèkk;u
♦♦ mYya?ku ds ekeys esa] O;fFkr O;fä blds çorZu
ds fy, vuqPNsn 32 ¼fjV lfgr laoS/kkfud mipkjksa 57. lgh fodYi% (c)
dk vf/kdkj½ ds rgr lh/ks loksZPp U;k;ky; dk
#[k ugha dj ldrk gSA og vuqPNsn 226 ds O;k[;k%
rgr mPp U;k;ky; tk ldrk gSA ●● dFku 1 xyr gS% lafoèkku jkT; foèkkf;dk dks fdlh
♦♦ jkT; }kjk futh laifÙk ds vf/kxzg.k ;k ekax ds uxj ikfydk ds vè;{k ds pquko ds rjhds dk çkoèkku
ekeys esa eqvkots dk dksbZ xkjaVh—r vf/kdkj djus ds fy, vfèk—r djrk gSA
ughaA ●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% es;j (egkikSj) dk dk;Zdky Hkh jkT;
fo"k;% ekSfyd vf/kdkj foèkkf;dk }kjk r; fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bl çdkj
mi&fo"k;% laifÙk dk vf/kdkj fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa vyx&vyx gksrk gSA
23 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
LFkkuh; Lo'kklu ds pquko vkSj lHkh jkT; ljdkjksa ds oksVksa Hkkj] ml cSBd esa
●● r feyukMq ds jkT;iky us gky gh esa jkT; esa egkikSjksa Mkys x, dqy oksVksa dk 2@3 gksxkA
vkSj uxj ikfydkvksa ds vè;{kksa ds in ij vçR;{k ●● t
h,lVh ifj"kn ds lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k dk vkèkk]
pquko djkus dk ,d vè;kns'k tkjh fd;kA bldh cSBd esa dksje dk fgLlk gksxkA
●● b l çdkj eq[;ea=h Ã-ds- iykuhLokeh us 2018 esa ●● 2 016 esa] ekuuh; çèkkuea=h dh vè;{krk esa dsaæh;
cuk, x, vius Lo;a ds dkuwu dks gVk fn;k vkSj eaf=eaMy us th,lVh ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk vkSj blds
iwoZ eq[;ea=h ts- t;yfyrk dh vçR;{k pqukoksa dh lfpoky; ds fuekZ.k dks fuEukuqlkj eatwjh nh%
;kstuk ij okil pys x,A ●● l
a'kksfèkr lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 279, ds vuqlkj
●● 5 28 uxj iapk;rksa ds vykok ;g vkns'k 15 fuxeksa th,lVh ifj"kn(
vkSj 121 uxj ikfydkvksa ij ykxw gksxkA
●● t
h,lVh ifj"kn lfpoky; ftldk dk;kZy; uÃ
●● v
è;kns'k ds vuqlkj] egkikSj vius pquko dh rkjh[k fnYyh esa gksxk(
ls ikap lky dh vofèk ds fy, in ij cus jgsaxs
●● d
saæh; eaf=eaMy us 2016 esa th,lVh ifj"kn lfpoky;
vkSj og ,sls egkikSj ds :i ik"kZn gksus rd gh cus
ds vkorÊ vkSj xSj&vkorÊ [kpks± dks iwjk djus ds
jgsaxsA
fy, i;kZIr èkujkf'k çnku djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k]
●● e ækl mPp U;k;ky; us vè;kns'k dks cjdjkj j[krs
RE
ftls dsaæ ljdkj }kjk ogu fd;k tk,xkA th,lVh
gq, dgk fd mUgsa lafoèkku ds rgr vçR;{k pquko ifj"kn lfpoky; esa dsaæ vkSj jkT; nksuksa ljdkjksa ls
djkus ij dksÃ jksd ugÈ gSA çfrfu;qfä ij fy, x, vfèkdkfj;ksa dks fu;qä fd;k
tk,xkA
laoSèkkfud çkoèkku
fo"k;% foÙk ea=ky;
●● u xj ikfydk ds lHkh lnL; lhèks uxjikfydk {ks=
fo"k;% th,lVh ifj"kn
O
ds yksxksa }kjk pqus tk,axsA
●● b l ç;kstu ds fy,] çR;sd uxjikfydk {ks= dks 59. lgh fodYi% (d)
çknsf'kd fuokZpu {ks=ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk,xk
ftUgsa okMZ ds :i esa tkuk tk,xkA O;k[;k%
SC
●● j kT; foèkkf;dk] uxjikfydk ds vè;{k ds pquko dk ●● d

Fku 1 xyr gS% ifjlheu vk;ksx ,d oSèkkfud fudk;
rjhdk çnku dj ldrh gSA gSA
fo"k;% pquko ●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% pquko vk;ksx dks fuokZpu {ks=ksa dh
mi&fo"k;% LFkkuh; Lo'kklu lhekvksa dks fQj ls fuèkkZfjr djus dk vfèkdkj fn;k
x;k gSA
58. lgh fodYi% (d)
GS
tEew&d'ehj vkSj yík[k dk ifjlheu

O;k[;k%
●● i fjlheu vk;ksx ,d oSèkkfud fudk; gSA Hkkjr esa]
●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% dsaæh; eaf=eaMy us 2016 esa th,lVh ifjlheu vk;ksxksa dk xBu 4 ckj fd;k x;k gS &
ifj"kn lfpoky; ds vkorÊ vkSj xSj&vkorÊ [kpks± 1952 esa ifjlheu vk;ksx vfèkfu;e] 1952 ds varxZr]
dks iwjk djus ds fy, i;kZIr èkujkf'k çnku djus 1963 esa ifjlheu vk;ksx vfèkfu;e] 1962 ds varxZr]
dk fu.kZ; fy;k] ftls dsaæ ljdkj }kjk ogu fd;k 1973 esa ifjlheu vfèkfu;e] 1972 ds varxZr vkSj
tk,xkA
2002 esa ifjlheu vfèkfu;e] 2002 ds varxZrA
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% th,lVh ifj"kn ds lnL;ksa dh dqy
●● v
k;ksx ,d 'kfä'kkyh vkSj Lora= fudk; gS ftlds
la[;k dk vkèkk] bldh cSBd esa dksje dk fgLlk
vkns'kksa dks fdlh Hkh vnkyr esa pqukSrh ugÈ nh
gksxkA
tk ldrh gSA vkns'k yksdlHkk vkSj lacafèkr jkT;
th,lVh ifj"kn foèkkulHkkvksa ds le{k çLrqr fd, tkrs gSaA gkykafd]
la'kksèkuksa dh vuqefr ugÈ gSA
●● l
afoèkku (101oka la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2016 esa çkoèkku
gS fd th,lVh ifj"kn dk çR;sd fu.kZ; mldh cSBd ●● g ky gh esa dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k tEew&d'ehj esa
esa mifLFkr vkSj ernku djus okys lnL;ksa ds Hkkfjr foèkkulHkk pquko ds laHkkfor dk;ZØe ds ckjs esa
erksa ds de ls de 3@4 ds cgqer ls fy;k tk,xkA vVdysa yxkÃ xÃ gSa vkSj ifjlheu blds fy,
dsUæ ljdkj ds oksV dk Hkkj Mkys x, oksVksa dk 1@3 egRoiw.kZ gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 24
●● i fjlheu le; ds lkFk tula[;k esa gksus okys 60. lgh fodYi% (b)
ifjorZu dk çfrfufèkRo djus ds fy, ,d foèkkulHkk
O;k[;k%
;k yksdlHkk fuokZpu {ks= dh lhek ;k lhekvksa dks
r; djus dk dk;Z gSA ●● fodYi
(b) lgh gS
●● ;
g dke Hkkjr esa ifjlheu vk;ksx uked ,d mPp ekSfyd drZO;
'kfä çkIr fudk; dks lkSaik x;k gSA
●● 4 2osa lafoèkku (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 1976 ds ekè;e
●● i fjlheu vk;ksx ds vkns'kksa esa dkuwu dk cy gksrk gS ls] ,d u;k vè;k; IV&A tksM+k x;k FkkA mlesa
vkSj fdlh Hkh U;k;ky; ds le{k ml ij ç'u ugÈ dsoy ,d vuqPNsn vFkkZr 51&A 'kkfey gSA ;g
mBk, tk ldrsA ;s vkns'k bl lacaèk esa Hkkjr ds Hkkx ukxfjdksa ds fy, nl ekSfyd drZO;ksa dh lafgrk
jk"Vªifr }kjk fuÆn"V dh tkus okyh frfFk ij ykxw ls lacafèkr FkkA ewy lafoèkku esa ekSfyd drZO;ksa dk
gksrs gSaA dksÃ çkoèkku ugÈ FkkA
●● t
Eew vkSj d'ehj dh yksdlHkk lhVksa dk ifjlheu ●● ;
|fi Lo.kZ Çlg lfefr us lafoèkku esa vkB ekSfyd
Hkkjrh; lafoèkku }kjk 'kkflr gksrk gS] ysfdu bldh drZO;ksa dks 'kkfey djus dk lq>ko fn;k Fkk] ysfdu
foèkkulHkk lhVksa dk ifjlheu (gky gh esa fo'ks"k ntkZ 42osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e (1976) ds ekè;e ls
lekIr gksus rd) tEew vkSj d'ehj ds lafoèkku vkSj nl ekSfyd drZO;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA
RE
tEew vkSj d'ehj ds tuçfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e] 1957 ●● j kspd ckr ;g gS fd lfefr dh dqN flQkfj'kksa
}kjk vyx ls 'kkflr gksrk FkkA dks dkaxzsl ikVÊ us Lohdkj ugÈ fd;k vkSj blfy,]
●● t
gka rd yksdlHkk lhVksa ds ifjlheu dh ckr gS rks lafoèkku esa 'kkfey ugÈ fd;k x;kA os lq>ko gSa%
2002 ds fiNys ifjlheu vk;ksx dks ;g dke ugÈ ●● f dlh Hkh drZO;ksa dk ikyu djus ls budkj djus ;k
lkSaik x;k FkkA blfy,] tEew&d'ehj lalnh; lhVsa fdlh Hkh xSj&vuqikyu ds fy,] laln mfpr naM
1971 dh tux.kuk ds vkèkkj ij lhekafdr gSaA yxkus dk çkoèkku dj ldrh gSA
O
●● H kkjrh; lafoèkku esa 1976 ds la'kksèku ds ekè;e ls ●● f dlh Hkh ekSfyd vfèkdkj ds mYya?ku ds vkèkkj ij
2001 rd ns'k ds ckdh fgLlksa esa ifjlheu ij jksd ;k lafoèkku ds fdlh vU; çkoèkku ds çfrdwy gksus
yxk nh xÃ Fkh] tcfd tEew&d'ehj ds lafoèkku ds vkèkkj ij fdlh Hkh vnkyr esa bl rjg ds naM
SC
esa bl çdkj dk dksÃ la'kksèku ugÈ fd;k x;k FkkA ;k tqekZus dks ykxw djus okys fdlh Hkh dkuwu ij
blfy,] ns'k ds ckdh fgLlksa ds foijhr] tEew&d'ehj loky ugÈ mBk;k tk,xkA
dh foèkkulHkk lhVksa dks 1981 dh tux.kuk ds vkèkkj ●● d
jksa dk Hkqxrku djuk Hkh ukxfjdksa dk ,d ekSfyd
ij lhekafdr fd;k x;k] tks 1996 esa jkT; ds pqukoksa drZO; gksuk pkfg,A
dk vkèkkj cukA
●● d
qN ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa ds foijhr] tks lHkh O;fä;ksa
●● 1 991 esa jkT; esa dksÃ tux.kuk ugÈ gqÃ Fkh vkSj ds fy, miyCèk gSa] pkgs ukxfjd gksa ;k fons'kh]
GS
2001 dh tux.kuk ds ckn jkT; ljdkj }kjk dksÃ ekSfyd drZO;ksa dks dsoy ukxfjdksa rd gh lhfer
ifjlheu vk;ksx xfBr ugÈ fd;k x;k Fkk D;ksafd gksuk pkfg,] fonsf'k;ksa rd ugÈA
tEew&d'ehj foèkkulHkk us 2026 rd u, ifjlheu
●● lafoèkku ds 86osa la'kksèku ds ekè;e ls vuqPNsn 45
ij jksd yxkrs gq, ,d dkuwu ikfjr fd;k FkkA bl vkSj 51, (vuqPNsn 51, (ts) vkSj (ds)) esa la'kksèku
jksd dks loksZPp U;k;ky; us cjdjkj j[kk FkkA fd;k x;k vkSj vuqPNsn 21, dks 'kkfey fd;k
●● bl ckr ds iwoZ esa mnkgj.k gSa fd fuokZpu {ks=ksa x;kA
dh lhekvksa dks fQj ls fuèkkZfjr djus dk vfèkdkj fo"k;% Hkkjrh; lafoèkku
pquko vk;ksx dks fn;k x;kA blesa 1991&92 esa mifo"k;% ekSfyd drZO;
fnYyh dks 70 lhVksa rd vkSj mÙkjk[kaM dks 2000 esa
70 lhVksa rd lhfer dj fn;k x;k FkkA lkFk gh] 61. lgh fodYi% (d)
tuçfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e 1950 dh èkkjk 8,] ftls
laln }kjk 2008 esa çLrqr fd;k x;k]esa mYys[k O;k[;k%
fd;k x;k gS fd v#.kkpy çns'k] ef.kiqj] vle ●● lHkh dFku lgh gSa
vkSj ukxkySaM ds pkj iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa esa ifjlheu] tc
fd;k tk,xk] rks pquko vk;ksx ds nk;js esa vk,xkA vkdfLed ;k lgk;d 'kfä;ksa dk fl)kar
fo"k;% ifjlheu vk;ksx ●● l
gk;d ;k vkdfLed 'kfä;ksa dk vFkZ mu 'kfä;ksa ls
mifo"k;% ifjlheu vk;ksx dk dk;Z gS tks Li"V :i ls çnÙk 'kfä;ksa ds vfrfjä gksrh gSaA
25 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
●● l
kroÈ vuqlwph esa fuÆn"V rhu lwfp;ksa ds ekè;e ls ●● v uqPNsn 169 esa jkT;ksa esa foèkkuifj"knksa ds mUewyu ;k
dsaæ vkSj jkT; nksuksa ljdkjksa dks dqN Li"V 'kfä;ka fuekZ.k ij laln dks nh xÃ 'kfä ds ckjs esa çkoèkku
çnÙk dh xÃ gSaA gS] ÞtSlk fd dkuwu ds çkoèkkuksa dks çHkkoh djus ds
●● l
gk;d ;k vkdfLed 'kfä;ksa ds fl)kar dk vFkZ fy;s vko';d gks ldrk gS vkSj blesa ,sls iwjd]
gS fd fdlh ekeys ij dkuwu cukus dh bu Li"V vkdfLed vkSj ifj.kkeh çkoèkku Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrs
'kfä;ksa esa fdlh vkdfLed ;k lgk;d ekeys ij gSa ftUgsa laln vko';d le>sAÞ
dkuwu cukus dh 'kfä Hkh 'kkfey gSA fo"k;% foèkkueaMy
●● L i"V :i ls çnÙk foèkk;h 'kfä;ksa ds leqfpr ç;ksx mifo"k;% lgk;d 'kfä;ksa dk fl)kar
ds fy, ,slh 'kfä vko';d gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,]
cSaÇdx ij dkuwu cukus dh 'kfä esa cSadksa ds dk;ks±] 62. lgh fodYi% (d)
muds cksMks± dh lajpuk] vkjchvkÃ ds lkFk lacaèk
O;k[;k%
vkfn tSls ekeyksa ij dkuwu cukus dh lHkh lacafèkr
'kfä;ka Hkh 'kkfey gksaxhA ●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% vxj laln }kjk ikfjr dksÃ dkuwu
jkT; foèkkueaMy esa ikfjr dkuwu ls vlaxr gS] rks
●● b lh çdkj] ouksa ls fuiVus okyh laLFkk ds lacaèk esa
ogka laln }kjk cuk;k dkuwu ekU; gksxkA
dkuwu cukus dh 'kfä esa] lgk;d ekeyksa ds :i esa
ouhdj.k] ouksa dh dVkÃ] ;kstuk vkSj ou ds çcaèku ●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% ;fn laln fdlh fo"k; ls lacafèkr
RE
dh 'kfä 'kkfey gksxhA dkuwu esa la'kksèku] lR;kiu vkSj fujlu djrh gS] rks
●● b l fl)kar ls lacafèkr U;k;'kkL= esa 'kCnksa dh ,slh jkT; ds ml dkuwu dks jk"Vªifr dh lgefr feyus
O;k[;k ij è;ku dsafær fd;k x;k gS rkfd mUgsa ,d ds ckn Hkh 'kwU; ekuk tk ldrk gS
mnkj vkSj O;kid O;k[;k çnku dh tk ldsA vlaxfr (Repu dk fl)kar)
●● b lls] foèkkf;dk ds mís'; ds mfpr vkSj çHkkoh <ax
●● v
laxfr dk vFkZ jkT; vkSj la?k ds dkuwu ds chp
O
ls dke djus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA ysfdu] bl fl)
rkyesy ugÈ gksuk gSA
kar dk ,d lhek rd gh mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk
gSA ●● v
laxfr dk fl)kar ns'k esa ,d:irk cuk, j[kus vkSj
dsaæ vkSj jkT; ds chp fooknksa ls cpus esa enn djrk
●● ;
g dsoy mu ekeyksa esa ykxw gksrk gS tgka dkuwu
SC
gSA
ds eq[; ekeys esa lgk;rk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
bl fl)kar ds ihNs eq[; fopkj foèkkf;dk dks lHkh ●● H kkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 254 esa Hkkx 11 ds
vko';d 'kfä;ksa ls ySl djuk gSA varxZr vlaxfr ds fl)kar dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA
●● j ktLFkku jkT; cuke th pkoyk ekeys esa] loksZPp blesa dsaæ vkSj jkT; ds dkuwu ds chp vlaxfr ds
U;k;ky; us ekuk fd Þfdlh fo"k; ij dkuwu cukus lokyksa dks gy djuk 'kkfey gSA
dh 'kfä esa mu lgk;d ekeys ij dkuwu cukus dh ●● v
xj laln }kjk ikfjr dksÃ dkuwu jkT; foèkkueaMy
GS
'kfä Hkh 'kkfey gS ftls ml fo"k; esa 'kkfey fd;k esa ikfjr dkuwu ls vlaxr gS] rks ogka laln }kjk
tk ldrk gSÞA cuk;k dkuwu ekU; gksxkA
●● l
afoèkku ds fuEufyf[kr çkoèkku vkdfLed ekeyksa ●● v
laxfr dk fl)kar rc ykxw gksrk gS] tc nksuksa i{kksa
ij dkuwu cukus dh 'kfä dks n'kkZrs gSa% (dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkj) us leorÊ lwph esa dkuwu
●● v
uqPNsn 4] vuqPNsn 2 vkSj 3 ds rgr jkT;ksa ds uke cuk fn;k gksA
cnyus gsrq çnÙk dkuwu ds iwjd vkSj çklafxd ekeyksa ●● l
oksZPp U;k;ky; us ,e- d#.kkfufèk cuke Hkkjr la?k
ij dkuwu esa ifjorZu djus dh 'kfä çnku djrk esa QSlyk lquk;k fd vxj leorÊ lwph esa dsaæ }kjk
gSA cuk, x, dkuwu vkSj jkT; }kjk cuk, x, dkuwu ds
●● v
uqPNsn 110 vkSj 199] la?k vkSj jkT;ksa nksuksa ds fy, çkoèkku iwjh rjg ls vlaxr vkSj ijLij fojksèkh gSa]
èku foèks;d dks ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSA blesa lacafèkr dsaæ }kjk cuk, x, dkuwu dks çkFkfedrk nh tk,xh
ys[kksa ds mi&[kaM (a) ls (F) rd esa fuÆn"V fdlh vkSj vlaxfr ds dkj.k jkT; }kjk cuk;k x;k dkuwu
Hkh fo"k; ls lacafèkr vkdfLed ekeyk 'kkfey gSA vekU; gks tk,xkA
●● v
uqPNsn 145 esa loksZPp U;k;ky; dks ÞU;k;ky; ●● , e d#.kkfufèk cuke Hkkjr la?k dh vlaxfr ds
esa fdlh Hkh dk;Zokgh dh ykxr vkSj mlds fy, fl)kar dk mi;ksx rc fd;k tk ldrk gS tc%
çklafxd fu;e cukus vkSj mlls lacafèkr dk;Zokgh ds ●● n ksuksa vfèkfu;eksa ds chp ,d Li"V vkSj çR;{k vlaxfr
lacaèk esa olwys tkus okys 'kqYd ds fy, fu;e cukus gksuh pkfg,A
dkÞ vfèkdkj fn;k x;k gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 26
●● t
c rd nksuksa dkuwuksa esa dksÃ vlaxfr u fn[kkÃ ns] x;k vkSj iw.kZ ftEesnkj ljdkj dh LFkkiuk dh xÃ
rc rd dksÃ dkuwu fujLr ugÈ fd;k tk ldrkA ftUgsa dqN lhekvksa dk ikyu djuk FkkA
●● v
xj ,d gh {ks= esa dkuwuksa esa dksÃ Vdjko ugÈ gksrk] ●● ç karksa dks viuh 'kfä vkSj vfèkdkj lhèks fczfV'k Økmu
rks vlaxfr dk ekeyk ugÈ cusxkA ls çkIr gq,A
●● v
xj ,d gh {ks= ds dkuwuksa esa dksÃ vlaxfr ugÈ gqÃ] ●● çkarh; foèkkf;dkvksa dk vkSj foLrkj fd;k x;kA
rks nksuksa çHkkoh gksxkA ●● * lkaçnkf;d fuokZpd ç.kkyh* vkSj *Hkkj* ds fl)karksa
●● ;
fn jkT; dh foèkkf;dk leorÊ lwph esa mfYyf[kr dks nfyr oxks±] efgykvksa vkSj Jfedksa rd foLrkfjr
fdlh fo"k; ij ,slk dkuwu cukrh gS tks laln fd;k x;kA
}kjk cuk, x, igys dkuwu ;k ekStwnk dkuwu ds ●● e rkfèkdkj dk foLrkj fd;k x;k] dqy vkcknh ds
çfr vlaxr gS] rks jk"Vªifr dh lgefr fey tkus yxHkx 10 çfr'kr dks oksV nsus dk vfèkdkj feykA
ij jkT; foèkkueaMy }kjk ikfjr dkuwu ml jkT; esa ●● j kT; lfpo dh Hkkjrh; ifj"kn dks lekIr dj fn;k
vfLrRo esa jgsxkA x;kA
●● ;
fn laln fdlh fo"k; ls lacafèkr dkuwu esa la'kksèku] ●● 1 935 ds vfèkfu;e ds varxZr la?kh; yksd lsok
lR;kiu vkSj fujlu djrh gS] rks jkT; ds ml vk;ksx vkSj çkarh; yksd lsok vk;ksx ds xBu dh
dkuwu dks jk"Vªifr dh lgefr feyus ds ckn Hkh 'kwU; flQkfj'k dh xÃA
RE
ekuk tk ldrk gSA
fo"k;% Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e
●● b l çdkj ;g fl)kar Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa dsaæ vkSj mifo"k;% la?kh; dk;Zdkfj.kh
jkT; dh Hkwfedk fuèkkZfjr djus esa ,d egRoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA 64. lgh fodYi% (d)
fo"k;% jk"Vªifr dh 'kfä
O;k[;k%
mifo"k;% vlaxfr dk fl)kar
O ●● lHkh dFku lgh gSaA
63. lgh fodYi% (d) jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ds çdkj
SC
O;k[;k% ●● jk"Vªifr vkSj lalnh; ç.kkyh% ,d jk"Vªifr
ç.kkyh esa] jktuhfrd vkSj ç'kklfud 'kfä;ksa dks
●● f odYi (d) xyr gS% pqukoh erkfèkdkj ml le; rd
dk;Zdkjh] fo/kk;h vkSj U;kf;d 'kk[kkvksa ds chp
yxHkx dsoy 10% vkcknh dks gh çkIr FkkA
dBksjrk ls foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA lalnh; ç.kkyh
Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e 1935 esa] laln laçHkq gks ldrh gS vkSj dk;Zdkjh çkf/kdj.k
¼ç/kku ea=h vkSj dSfcusV }kjk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS½
●● H kkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e 1935 esa ,d vf[ky Hkkjrh;
fo/kkf;dk ls çkIr gksrk gSA
GS
la?k dh LFkkiuk dk çLrko j[kk x;k gS ftlesa

jkT;ikyksa ds çkarksa vkSj eq[; vk;qäksa ds çkarksa vkSj ●● çR;{k yksdra=% çR;{k yksdra= ;k 'kq) yksdra=
mu Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkuk Fkk tks yksdra= dk ,d :i gS ftlesa ernkrk çfrfuf/k ds
,dtqV gks ldrs FksA :i esa fo/kk;h çfrfuf/k;ksa ds fcuk uhfrxr igyksa ij
fu.kZ; ysrs gSaA
●● la?kh; dk;Zdkfj.kh esa }Sèk 'kklu dk çkoèkku çLrqr
fd;k x;k Fkk ●● laoS/kkfud jktra=% ,d laoS/kkfud jktra=]
lalnh; jktra=] ;k yksdrkaf=d jktra=] jktra= dk
●● l
a?kh; foèkkf;dk esa nks d{k (f}lnuh;) gksus Fks & ,d :i gS ftlesa lezkV ,d fyf[kr ;k vfyf[kr
jkT;ksa dh ifj"kn vkSj la?kh; foèkku lHkkA lafo/kku ds vuqlkj lÙkk dk ç;ksx djrk gSA
●● b lesa rhu fo"k;ksa&la?kh; foèkk;h lwph] çkarh; foèkk;h fo"k;% jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ds çdkj
lwph vkSj leorÊ foèkk;h lwph dk çkoèkku fd;k x;k
FkkA 65. lgh fodYi% (a)
●● v
of'k"V foèkk;h 'kfä;ka] xouZj&tujy ds foosdkèkhu O;k[;k%
FkÈA
●● dFku 2 xyr gS% lafoèkku fuekZrkvksa us ;g fopkj
●● ç karksa esa }Sèk 'kklu dks lekIr dj fn;k x;k vkSj vk;jySaM ds lafoèkku ls mèkkj fy;k Fkk] ftlus Lisu
çkarksa dks Lok;Ùkrk nh xÃ] vFkkZr] vkjf{kr vkSj ds lafoèkku dh udy dh FkhA
gLrkarfjr fo"k;ksa ds chp dk varj lekIr dj fn;k
27 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
jkT; dh uhfr ds funs'kd fl)kar DPSP ¼1988½ dk mís'; ouksa dh lqj{kk] laj{k.k vkSj fodkl
●● j kT; dh uhfr ds funs'kd fl)karksa dk lafoèkku ds djuk gSA
Hkkx IV esa vuqPNsn 36 ls 51 rd mY‍ys[k fd;k ●● v uqPNsn 41&dqN ekeyksa esa dke] f'k{kk vkSj lkoZtfud
x;k gSA lafoèkku fuekZrkvksa us ;g fopkj 1937 ds lgk;rk dk vf/kdkjA jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh
vk;jySaM ds lafoèkku ls mèkkj fy;k Fkk] ftlus Lisu dk;ZØe vuqPNsn 41 ds rgr dke ds vf/kdkj dk
ds lafoèkku dh udy dh FkhA leFkZu djrk gSA
●● M
‚- ch-vkj- vEcsMdj us bu fl)karksa dk Hkkjrh; fo"k;% jkT; uhfr ds funsZ'kd fl)kar
lafoèkku dh *egku fo'ks"krkvksa* ds :i esa o.kZu mi&fo"k;% DPSPs dks ykxw djus ds fy, vf/kfu;e
fd;kA ewy vfèkdkjksa ds lkFk&lkFk funs'kd fl)karksa
esa lafoèkku dk n'kZu lekfgr gS vkSj ;g lafoèkku dh 67. lgh fodYi% (d)
vkRek gSA xzSufoys v‚fLVu us funs'kd rRoksa vkSj ewy O;k[;k%
vfèkdkjksa dk *lafoèkku dh varjkRek* ds :i esa o.kZu
●● fodYi
(d) lgh gSA
fd;k gSA
●● j kT; dh uhfr ds funs'kd fl)kar vkèkqfud yksdrkaf=d u, funs'kd fl)kar
jkT; ds fy, cgqr gh O;kid vkÆFkd] lkekftd vkSj ●● 1 976 ds 42osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e }kjk ewy
RE
jktuhfrd dk;ZØe gSaA budk mís'; lafoèkku dh lwph esa pkj u, funs'kd fl)karksa dks tksM+k x;kA
çLrkouk esa ;Fkk mfYyf[kr U;k;] Lora=rk] lekurk muds }kjk jkT; ds fy, vko';d gS%
vkSj caèkqRo ds mPp vkn'kks± dks lkdkj djuk gSA jkT;
♦♦ cPpksa ds LoLFk fodkl dk volj lqfuf'pr
dh uhfr ds funs'kd fl)kar *dY;k.kdkjh jkT;*] u
djuk (vuqPNsn 39)A
fd *iqfyl jkT;* dh voèkkj.kk dks ewrZ :i nsrs gSa]
tks vkSifuosf'kd ;qx ds nkSjku fo|eku FkkA la{ksi ♦♦ leku U;k; dks c<+kok nsuk vkSj xjhcksa dks
fu%'kqyd dkuwuh lgk;rk çnku djuk (vuqPNsn
O
esa] funs'kd fl)kar ns'k esa vkÆFkd vkSj lkekftd
yksdra= dh LFkkiuk djuk pkgrs gSaA 39A)A
fo"k;% Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ♦♦ m|ksxksa ds çcaèku esa Jfedksa dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr
mifo"k;% DPSP djus ds fy, dne mBkuk (vuqPNsn 43A)A
SC
♦♦ i;kZoj.k dh j{kk vkSj lqèkkj djuk vkSj ouksa vkSj
66. lgh fodYi% (c) oU;thoksa dh j{kk djuk (vuqPNsn 48A)A
O;k[;k% ●● 1 978 ds 44osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e }kjk ,d
vkSj jkT; dh uhfr dk funs'kd fl)kar tksM+k x;k]
●● fodYi (c) lgh gSA tks jkT; ds fy, vk;] çfLFkfr] lqfoèkkvksa vkSj voljksa
jkT; uhfr ds funsZ'kd fl)kar esa vlekurk,a de ls de djuk vko';d cukrk gS
GS
(vuqPNsn 38)A
●● vuqPNsn 49&jk"Vªh; egRo ds Lekjdksa vkSj LFkkuksa
vkSj oLrqvksa dk laj{k.kA ●● 2 002 ds 86osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e }kjk
vuqPNsn 45 dh fo"k;&oLrq dks cnydj çkjafHkd
●● vuqPNsn 39 dk ,dek= mís'; ;g lqfuf'pr djuk
f'k{kk dks vuqPNsn 21 A ds varxZr ewy vfèkdkj cuk
gS fd Hkkjr ds yksxksa ;k ukxfjdksa dks vkthfodk ds
fn;k x;kA la'kksfèkr funs'kd fl)kar jkT; ds fy,
i;kZIr lk/ku] /ku dk mfpr forj.k] leku dke ds
Ng o"kZ dh vk;q iwjh djus rd lHkh cPpksa ds çkjafHkd
fy, leku osru] cPpksa vkSj Je dh lqj{kk çnku dh
cpiu dh ns[kHkky djuk vkSj mudks f'k{kk çnku
tk,A ;g lc lqfuf'pr djus dh ftEesnkjh jkT;
djuk vko';d cukrk gSA
ij gSAHkwfe lq/kkj dkuwu —"kd lekt esa cnyko
ykus vkSj xzkeh.k turk dh fLFkfr;ksa esa lq/kkj ykus ●● 2 011 ds 97osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e }kjk
ds fy, FksA bu mik;ksa esa 'kkfey gSa ¼a½ tehankjksa] lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ls lacafèkr ,d u;k jkT; dh
tkxhjnkjksa] bukenkjksa vkfn tSls fcpkSfy;ksa dk uhfr dk funs'kd fl)kar tksM+k x;kA ;g jkT; ds
mUewyu ¼b½ fdjk;snkjh lq/kkj tSls dk;Zdky dh fy, lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds LoSfPNd xBu] Lok;Ùk
lqj{kk] mfpr fdjk,] vkfn ¼c½ Hkwfe tksrksa ij lhfyax dkedkt] yksdrkaf=d fu;a=.k vkSj O‍;kolkf;d
ykxw djuk ¼d½ Hkwfeghu etnwjksa ds chp vfrfjä Hkwfe çcaèku dks c<+kok nsuk vko';d cukrk gS (vuqPNsn
dk forj.k; vkSj ¼e½ lgdkjh [ksrhA 43B)A
fo"k;% lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e
●● vuqPNsn 48A&i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk vkSj lq/kkj rFkk
ouksa vkSj oU; thoksa dh lqj{kkA jk"Vªh; ou uhfr mifo"k;% 42oka lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 28
68. lgh fodYi% (b) ●● v
arjkZT;h; O;kikj] okf.kT; vkSj lekxe dh
Lora=rkA
O;k[;k%
●● b lds vykok] varjkZT;h; lg;ksx vkSj leUo; dks
●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% jk"Vªifr ;q) ;k cká vkØe.k ;k
c<+kok nsus ds fy, laln }kjk {ks=h; ifj"knksa dh
l'kL= foæksg dh okLrfod ?kVuk ls igys Hkh jk"Vªh;
LFkkiuk dh xÃ gSA
vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gS ;fn og larq"V
gks tkrk gS fd vklUu [krjk fo|eku gSA fo"k;% varjkZT;h; ifj"kn
fo"k;% varjkZT;h; ifj"kn ds dk;Z
jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk
●● v
uqPNsn 352 ds varxZr] Hkkjr ;k mlds fdlh Hkhx 70. lgh fodYi% (d)
dh lqj{kk ds fy, ;q) ;k cká vkØe.k] ;k l'kL= O;k[;k
foæksg ls [krjk gksus ij jk"Vªifr jk"Vªh; vkikrdky
dh ?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gSA ●● nksuksa dFku lgh gSa
●● ;
g è;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg, fd jk"Vªifr ;q) ;k cká çLrkouk
vkØe.k ;k l'kL= foæksg dh okLrfod ?kVuk ls
●● H kkjr ds lafoèkku dh çLrkouk laf{kIr ifjp; lacaèkh
igys Hkh jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gS
oäO; gSA ;g lafoèkku dk ekxZn'kZd mís';] fl)kar
RE
;fn og lar"q V gks tkrk gS fd vklUu [krjk fo|eku gSA
vkSj n'kZu fuèkkZfjr djrh gSA
●● j k"Vªifr ;q)] cká vkØe.k] l'kL= foæksg] ;k muds
●● ç Lrkouk fuEufyf[kr ds lacaèk esa fopkj çL‍rqr djrh
vklUu [krjs ds vkèkkj ij fofHkUu mn~?kks"k.kk,¡ Hkh
gS% (1) lafoèkku dk lzksr] (2) Hkkjrh; jkT; dh ç—fr
tkjh dj ldrk gS] pkgs mlds }kjk igys ls gh
(3) blds mís';ksa dk fooj.k vkSj (4) bldks vaxh—r
dksÃ mn~?kks"k.kk tkjh dh xÃ gks ;k ugÈ vkSj ,slh
djus dh frfFkA
mn~?kks"k.kk fØ;k'khy gks ;k ugÈA ;g çkoèkku 1975
O
ds 38osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e }kjk tksM+k x;k ●● U ;k;&lkekftd] vkÆFkd vkSj jktuhfrd U‍;k; dk
fopkj :lh Økafr ls fy;k x;k gSA
FkkA
●● * ;q)* ;k *cká vkØe.k* ds vkèkkj ij jk"Vªh; ●● H kkjrh; lafoèkku dh çLrkouk u rks foèkkf;dk dh
vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk dks *cká vkikrdky* ds :i 'kfä dk lzksr gS vkSj u gh foèkkf;dk dh 'kfä;ksa ij
SC
esa tkuk tkrk gSA ogÈ nwljh vksj] *l'kL= foæksg* jksd gSA
ds vkèkkj ij jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk dks ●● ç Lrkouk dks var esa varÆo"‍V djus ds ihNs dkj.k ;g
*vkarfjd vkikrdky* ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA lqfuf'pr djuk Fkk fd ;g lafoèkku lHkk }kjk ;Fkk
●● 1 976 ds 42osa lafoèkku (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e us vaxh—r lafoèkku ds vuq:i gksA
jk"Vªifr dks jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dk lapkyu Hkkjr ds ●● ç Lrkouk dks ernku ds fy, vxzsf"kr djrs le;
fdlh fuÆn"V Hkkx rd lhfer djus ds fy, l{ke lafoèkku lHkk ds vè;{k us dgk] *ç'u ;g gS fd
GS
cuk;kA çLrkouk lafoèkku dk vax gS*A blds ckn çLrko

fo"k;% jk"Vªh; vkikrdky Loh—r gks x;kA blfy,] loksZP‍p U‍;k;ky; dgh
fo"k;% jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh mn~?kks"k.kk orZeku jk; fd çLrkouk lafoèkku dk Hkkx gS] lafoèkku
ds laLFkkid firkvksa dh jk; ds vuq:i gSA
69. lgh fodYi% (c) ●● ç Lrkouk u rks foèkkf;dk dh 'kfä dk lzksr gS
O;k[;k% vkSj u gh foèkkf;dk dh 'kfä;ksa ij jksd gSA ;g
xSj&okn;ksX‍; gS] vFkkZr blds çkoèkku U‍;k;ky; esa
●● fodYi (c) lgh gSA
çorZuh; ugÈ gSaA
varj&jkT; ifj"kn
●● v
kil esa jkT;ksa ds chp lkSgknZiw.kZ lacaèk vkSj ?kfu"B 71. lgh fodYi% (b)
lg;ksx ds fy, lafoèkku varjkZT;h; ifj"kn ds lacaèk O;k[;k%
esa fuEufyf[kr çkoèkku djrk gS%
●● fodYi (b) lgh gSA
●● varjkZT;h; ty fooknksa dk U‍;k;fu.kZ;uA
●● varjkZT;h; ifj"knksa ds ekè;e ls leUo;A Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh f}fr; vuqlwph
●● l
koZtfud —R;ksa] vfHkys[kksa vkSj U;kf;d dk;Zokfg;ksa ●● H kkjrh; lafoèkku dh f}fr; vuqlwph fuEufyf[kr dh
dh ikjLifjd ekU;rkA ifjyfCèk;ksa ls lacafèkr gS%%
29 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
♦♦ jk"Vªifr vkSj jkT;ksa ds jkT;iky 73. lgh fodYi% (b)
♦♦ yksd lHkk vkSj jkT;ksa dh foèkku lHkkvksa ds vè;{k O;k[;k%
vkSj mikè;{k ●● dFku 2 vkSj 3 xyr gSa% vk;dj vihyh; U;k;kfèkdj.k
♦♦ jkT;lHkk vkSj jkT;ksa dh foèkku ifj"knksa ds 1941 esa Hkkjr esa LFkkfir fd;k tkus okyk igyk
lHkkifr vkSj milHkkifr U;k;kfèkdj.k FkkA
♦♦ mPpre U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky;ksa ds U;k;kfèkdj.k
U;k;kèkh'k
●● U ;k;kfèkdj.k fofèk }kjk LFkkfir U;kf;d ;k
♦♦ fu;a=d vkSj egkys[kkijh{kd vèkZ&U;kf;d laLFkku gksrs gSaA U;k;kfèkdj.k ikjaifjd
fo"k;% Hkkjrh; lafoèkku U;k;ky;ksa dh rqyuk esa vis{kk—r rsth ls fu.kZ;
mifo"k;% f}fr; vuqlwph dk eap çnku djus ds lkFk&lkFk dqN fo"k;ksa
ij fo'ks"kKrk çnku djus dk vfHkçk; j[krs gSaA
U‍;k;ky;ksa esa yafcr ekeyksa dh la[‍;k U;k; O‍;oL‍Fkk
72. lgh fodYi% (b)
ds le{k ,d çeq[k pqukSrh gSA 6 twu] 2021 rd]
O;k[;k% Hkkjr ds fofHkUu mPp U;k;ky;ksa esa 30 ls vfèkd o"kks±
ls 91]885 ekeys yafcr FksA 1 eÃ 2021 rd loksZP‍p
●● fodYi (b) lgh gSA
RE
U‍;k;ky; esa 67]898 ekeys yafcr FksA
loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa dh Lora=rk ●● H kkjr ds fofèk vk;ksx (2017) us fVI‍i.kh dh fd
●● l
afoèkku }kjk loksZPp U;k;ky; ds Lora= vkSj U‍;k;y;ksa esa ekeyksa dh fopkjkèkhurk ls U;k; ç'kklu
esa foyac gksrk gS] ftlls U;k; O‍;oL‍Fkk dh n{krk
fu"i{k dk;Zdj.k dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,
çHkkfor gksrh gSA blds vykok] blus fVI‍i.kh dh
fuEufyf[kr çkoèkku fd, x, gSa%
fd dqN rduhdh ekeyksa esa] ikjaifjd U‍;k;ky;ksa dks
O
♦♦ fu;qfä dh fofèk fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, fo'ks"kK Kku dh vko';drk gksrh
♦♦ dk;Zdky dh lqj{kk gSA
fo"k;% U;k;kfèkdj.k
♦♦ fuf'pr lsok 'krs±
SC
mifo"k;% U‍;k;kfèkdj.kksa ds dk;Z
♦♦ lafpr fufèk ij çHkkfjr ç'kklfud O;;
♦♦ U;k;kèkh'kksa ds vkpj.k ij ppkZ ugÈ dh tk 74. lgh fodYi% (a)
ldrh gS O;k[;k%
♦♦ lsokfuo`fÙk ds ckn fdlh Hkh U;k;ky; esa odkyr ●● fodYi
(a) lgh gSA
ij çfrcaèk
GS
ewy {ks=kfèkdkj
♦♦ viuh voekuuk ds fy, naM nsus dh 'kfä
●● l
a?kh; U‍;k;ky; ds :i esa] loksZPp U;k;ky; Hkkjr
♦♦ vius deZpkfj;ksa dks fu;qä djus dh Lora=rk
la?k dh fofHkUu bdkb;ksa ds chp fooknksa esa] vfèkd
♦♦ blds vfèkdkj {ks= esa dVkSrh ugÈ dh tk ldrh foLr`r :i ls] dsaæ vkSj ,d ;k vfèkd jkT;ksa( ;k ,d
gS vksj dsaæ vkSj jkT; ;k jkT;ksa vkSj nwljh vksj ,d ;k
,d ls vfèkd jkT;ksa( ;k nks vkSj nks ls vfèkd jkT;ksa
♦♦ dk;Zikfydk ls i`FkD‍dj.k
ds chp fooknksa ij U‍;k;fu.kZ;u djrk gSA
●● l
afoèkku loksZPp U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky; ds
●● m
ijksä la?kh; fooknksa esa] loksZPp U;k;ky; dk vuU;
U;k;kèkh'kksa dks lsokfuo`fÙk ds ckn dksÃ Hkh jkstxkj
ewy {ks=kfèkdkj gSA
djus ls ugÈ jksrk gS u gh ;g fdlh Hkh vk;ksx ;k
●● blds vykok] loksZPp U;k;ky; ds {ks=kfèkdkj dk
U;k;kfèkdj.k vkfn esa fdlh Hkh lsokfuo`Ùk U;k;kèkh'k
fuEufyf[kr rd foLrkj ugÈ gS%
dks fu;qä djus dh ljdkj dh 'kfä dks çfrcafèkr
djrk gSA ljdkj mPprj U;k;ikfydk ds lsokfuo`Ùk ●● f dlh Hkh lafoèkku iwoZ lafèk] le>kSrk] vuqcaèk]çlafonk]
U;k;kèkh'kksa dks fofHkUu vk;ksxksa dk vè‍;{k fu;qä ;k opuc)rk ;k vU; l–'k fy[krks ls mRiUu gksus
okyks fooknA
djrh jgh gSA
●● f dlh Hkh lafèk] le>kSrk vkfn ls mRiUu gksus okys
fookn] tks fo'ks"k :i ls çkoèkku djrs gS fd mä
mifo"k;% loksZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa dh Lora=rk {ks=kfèkdkj dk ,sls fooknksa rd foLrkj ugÈ gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 30
varjkZT;h; ty fookn ;k odhy ds fy, gh miyCèk gSaA ;g vuqPNsn Li"V
●● foÙk vk;ksx dks lanÆHkr ekeysA :i ls la?k ;k jkT; dh lsok esa fu;ksftr vH‍;ÆFk;ksa
dks çfrcafèkr djrk gSA
●● d
saæ vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp dqN [kpks± vkSj isa'ku dk
fo"k;% Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk
lek;kstuA
fo"k;% ftyk U;k;kèkh'kksa dh fu;qfä
●● d
saæ vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp okf.kfT;d ç—fr ds lkekU;
fooknA 76. lgh fodYi% (b)
●● d
saæ ds fo:) fdlh jkT; }kjk uqdlkuh dh
olwyhA
O;k[;k%
●● dFku 2 xyr gS% laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ds euksuhr
●● canh çR;{khdj.k (;k ewy vfèkdkjksa ls lacafèkr dksÃ
lnL;] jkT; (vkSj dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k) dh foèkku
vU; fjV) mPp U;k;ky; vkSj loksZPp U;k;ky; nksuksa
lHkkvksa ds euksuhr lnL;] jkT; foèkku ifj"knksa ds
}kjk tkjh dh tk ldrh gSA
lnL; (fuokZfpr vkSj euksuhr nksuksa) (f}lnuh;
fo"k;% {ks=kfèkdkj foèkkf;dk dh fLFkfr esa) jk"Vªifr ds pquko esa Hkkx
mifo"k;% varjkZT;h; ty fookn ugÈ ysrs gSaA
75. lgh fodYi% (a) ●● dFku 3 xyr gS% ernku xqIr eri= }kjk gksrk gSA
RE
O;k[;k% jk"Vªifr dk fuokZpd eaMy
●● dFku 2 xyr gS% loksZP‍p U‍;k;ky; us fu.kZ; fn;k fd ●● ernku xqIr eri= }kjk gksrk gSA
vèkhuLFk U;kf;d vfèkdkjh ftyk U;k;kèkh'k ds :i ●● j k"Vªifr dk pquko laln ds nksuksa lnuksa vFkkZr~
esa lhèkh fu;qfä gsrq vkosnu ;k çfrLièkkZ ugÈ dj yksdlHkk vkSj jkT;lHkk vkSj jkT; foèkkulHkkvksa
ldrs gSa] Hkys gh muds ikl ,d odhy ds :i esa ds fuokZfpr lnL;ksa ls feydj cuus okys fuokZpd
lkr o"kZ dk fiNyk vuqHko gSA
O eaMy }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
ftyk U;k;kèkh'kksa dh fu;qfä ●● b l çdkj] laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ds euksuhr lnL;]

jkT; (vkSj dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k) dh foèkku lHkkvksa
●● f dlh Hkh jkT; esa ftyk U;k;kèkh'kksa dh fu;qfä vkSj
SC
ds euksuhr lnL;] jkT; foèkku ifj"knksa ds lnL;
rSukrh j inksUufr jkT; ds jkT;iky }kjk ,sls jkT; (fuokZfpr vkSj euksuhr nksuksa) (f}lnuh; foèkkf;dk
ds lacaèk esa {ks=kfèkdkj dk ç;ksx djus okys mPp dh fLFkfr esa) vkSj fnYyh] iqMqpsjh vkSj tEew&d'ehj
U;k;ky; ds ijke'kZ ls dh tk,xhA dh foèkkulHkkvksa (vxys pquko ls) dh foèkkulHkkvksa
●● t
ks O;fä igys ls gh la?k ;k jkT; dh lsok esa ugÈ ds euksuhr lnL; jk"Vªifr ds pquko esa Hkkx ugÈ ysrs
gS] og ftyk U;k;kèkh'k fu;qä gksus dk rHkh ik= gSaA
gksxk ;fn og de ls de lkr o"kZ rd vfèkoäk ;k ●● t
gk¡ foèkkulHkk Hkax gks tkrh gS] lnL; jk"Vªifr
GS
odhy jgk gS vkSj fu;qfä ds fy, mPp U;k;ky; pquko esa ernku djus ds fy, vgZ ugÈ jg tkrs gSa]
}kjk mldh vuq'kalk dh xÃ gSA Hkys gh fo?kfVr foèkkulHkk ds fy, jk"Vªifr pquko ls
●● l
oksZPp U;k;;ky; us fu.kZ; fn;k fd vèkhuLFk igys u;k pquko ugÈ vk;ksftr fd;k x;k gksA
U;kf;d vfèkdkjh ftyk U;k;kèkh'k ds :i esa lhèkh ●● l
afoèkku }kjk çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd jk"Vªifr ds
fu;qfä gsrq vkosnu ;k çfrLièkkZ ugÈ dj ldrs gSa] pquko esa fofHkUu jkT;ksa ds çfrfufèkRo ds iSekus esa
Hkys gh muds ikl ,d odhy ds :i esa lkr o"kZ dk ,d:irk ds lkFk&lkFk lexz :i ls jkT;ksa vkSj la?k
fiNyk vuqHko gSA ds chp lerk gksxhA
●● U ;k;ewÆr v#.k feJk dh vxqokÃ okyh rhu&U;k;kèkh'kksa ●● ; g pquko vkuqikfrd çfrfufèkRo dh ,dy laØe.kh;
dh ihB us 83&i`"B ds fu.kZ; esa ?kksf"kr fd;k fd er ç.kkyh ds ekè;e ls gksrk gSA
ftyk U;k;kèkh'k cuus ds fy, muds ikl miyCèk
fo"k;% jk"Vªifr pquko
,dek= volj lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 234 vkSj vuqPNsn
309 ds ijarqd ds varxZr cuk, x, fu;eksa ds vuqlkj lcV‚fid% jk"Vªifr dk fuokZpd eaMy
inksUufr ds ekè;e ls gSA
77. lgh fodYi% (b)
●● U ;k;ewÆr fouhr lju ds lkFk eq[; fu.kZ; ds
lg&ys[kd U;k;ewÆr feJk lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 233 O;k[;k%
dh O;k[;k dj jgs FksA vuqPNsn 233 ds varxZr lhèkh ●● dFku 1 xyr gS: mls gVkus ds fy, vkSipkfjd
fu;qfä dsoy lkr o"kZ odkyr djus okys vfèkoD‍rk egkfHk;ksx dh vko';drk ugha gSA
31 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
●● dFku 2 lgh gS: çLrko dks jkT;lHkk esa çHkkoh fLFkfrtU; foosdkfèkdkj
cgqer ls vkSj yksdlHkk esa lk/kkj.k cgqer ls ikfjr ●● m
ijksä laoSèkkfud foosdkfèkdkj (vFkkZr] lafoèkku esa
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A mfYyf[kr Li"V foosdkfèkdkj) ds vykok] jk"Vªifr dh
●● dFku 3 xyr gS: mls gVkus ds fy, lafo/kku esa Hkkafr jkT;iky dks fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa esa fLFkfrtU;
fdlh vk/kkj dk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gSA foosdkfèkdkj (vFkkZr~] çpfyr jktuhfrd fLFkfr dh
vfuok;Zrkvksa ls çkIr çP‍NU‍u foosdkfèkdkj) Hkh çkI‍r
mijk"Vªifr
gksrk gS%
●● mijk"Vªifr fdlh Hkh le; jk"Vªifr dks R;kx i=
●● j kT; foèkkulHkk esa fdlh Hkh jktuhfrd ny ;k
fy[kdj vius in ls R;kxi= ns ldrk gSA dk;Zdky
xBcaèku dk Li"V cgqer u gksus ij ;k eq[;ea=h dh
iwjk gksus ls igys mUgsa in ls gVk;k Hkh tk ldrk
vpkud e`R;q gks tkus vkSj dksÃ Li"V mÙkjkfèkdkjh
gSA muds fu"dklu ds fy, vkSipkfjd egkfHk;ksx dh
u gksus ij eq[;ea=h dh fu;qfäA
vko';drk ugha gSA
●● e af=ifj"kn dh inP‍;qfr tc og jkT; foèkku lHkk dk
●● mls jkT;lHkk ds lHkh rRdkyhu lnL;ksa ds cgqer
foÜokl fl) ugÈ dj ldrh gSA
ls ikfjr ,d çLrko }kjk gVk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj
yksdlHkk }kjk lgefr O;ä dh tkrh gSA bldk ●● ; fn eaf=ifj"kn us viuk cgqer [kks fn;k gS rks jkT;
eryc ;g gS fd ;g çLrko jkT; lHkk esa çHkkoh foèkku lHkk dk fo?kVuA
RE
cgqer ls vkSj yksdlHkk esa lk/kkj.k cgqer ls ikfjr fo"k;% jkT;iky
gksuk pkfg,A ;gka ;g /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg, fd fo"k;% jkT;ikyksa dh 'kfä;k¡
Hkkjr esa çHkkoh cgqer dsoy ,d çdkj dk fo'ks"k
cgqer gS] vyx ughaA blds vykok] ;g ladYi 79. lgh fodYi% (b)
dsoy jkT; lHkk esa is'k fd;k tk ldrk gS] u fd
yksdlHkk esaA ysfdu ,slk dksbZ ladYi rc rd is'k O;k[;k%
O
ugha fd;k tk ldrk tc rd fd de ls de 14 ●● dFku 3 xyr gS% èku foèks;d ij jk"Vªifr ;k rks
fnuksa dh vfxze lwpuk u nh xbZ gksA lgefr ns ldrk gS ;k jksd ldrk gSA
●● fo'ks"k :i ls] lafo/kku esa mUgsa gVkus ds fy, fdlh èku foèks;d
SC
vk/kkj dk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gSA
●● l
afoèkku dk vuqPNsn 110 èku foèks;d dh ifjHkk"kk ls
fo"k;% mijk"Vªifr
lacafèkr gSA blesa dgk x;k gS fd fdlh foèks;d dks
mi&fo"k;% mijk"Vªifr dks gVkuk rc èku foèks;d ekuk tkrk gS ;fn mlesa fuEufyf[kr
lHkh ;k fdlh Hkh ekeyksa ls lacafèkr *,dek=* çkoèkku
78. lgh fodYi% (c) gksrk gS%
O;k[;k% ♦♦ fdlh dj dk vfèkjksi.k] mUewyu] ifjgkj]
GS
●● fodYi
(c) lgh gS ifjorZu ;k fofu;eu(
♦♦ dsaæ ljdkj }kjk èku mèkkj ysus dk fofu;eu(
jkT;ikyksa dh laoSèkkfud foosdkèkhu 'kfä;k¡
♦♦ Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ;k Hkkjr dh vkdfLed
●● j kT;iky ds ikl fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa esa laoSèkkfud
fufèk dh vfHkj{kk] ,slh fdlh fufèk esa èku dk
foosdkfèkdkj gksrk gS%
Hkqxrku ;k èku dh fudklh(
●● jk"Vªifr ds fopkjkFkZ foèks;d dk vkj{k.kA
♦♦ Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk esa ls èku dk fofu;ksx(
●● jkT; esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu yxkus dh vuq'kalkA
♦♦ dksÃ Hkh O;; Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ij Hkkfjr
●● f dlh fudVorÊ dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k ds ç'kkld ds gksus dh ?kks"k.kk ;k ,sls fdlh O;; dh jkf'k esa
:i esa viuh 'kfä;ksa dk ç;ksx vkSj drZO‍;ksa dk Æogu o`f) djuk(
djrs le;A
♦♦ Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ;k Hkkjr ds yksd ys[kk
●● [ kfut vUos"k.k ds fy, ykblsal ls feyus okyh esa èku dh çkfIr ;k ,sls èku dh vfHkj{kk ;k
j‚;YVh ds :i esa Lok;Ùk tutkrh; ftyk ifj"knksa fuxZeu] ;k la?k ;k fdlh jkT; ds ys[kksa dh
dks vle] es?kky;] f=iqjk vkSj fetksje ds jkT;iky ys[kkijh{kk( ;k
}kjk ns; okÆ"kd jkf'k dk fuèkkZj.kA
♦♦ Åij fuÆn"V ekeyksa esa ls fdlh Hkh ds fy,
●● j kT; ds ç'kklfud vkSj foèkk;h ekeyksa ds lacaèk esa vkdfLed ekeykA
eq[;ea=h ls tkudkjh çkIr djukA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 32
●● ;
fn ;g ç'u mBrk gS fd dksÃ foèks;d èku foèks;d 80. lgh fodYi% (b)
gS ;k ugÈ] rks yksdlHkk vè;{k dk fu.kZ; vafre gksrk
O;k[;k%
gSA bl lacaèk esa mlds fu.kZ; ij fdlh Hkh U;k;ky;
;k laln ds fdlh Hkh lnu esa loky ugÈ mBk;k ●● dFku 1 xyr gS: 73oka la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e 1992 esa
tk ldrk gSA tc dksÃ èku foèks;d vuq'kalk ds fy, Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; ljdkj }kjk bu eqíksa dks gy djus
jkT;lHkk dks çsf"kr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj lgefr ds vkSj LFkkuh; Lo'kklu esa lq/kkj djus ds fy, LFkkuh;
fy, jk"Vªifr dks çLrqr fd;k tkrk gS] rks vè;{k pquko ugha cuk;k x;k FkkA
mldk èku foèks;d ds :i esa i`"‍Bkadu djrk gSA 73oka la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e
●● è ku foèks;d dsoy yksdlHkk esa gh çL‍rqr fd;k tk ●● 73ok¡ la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e 1992 esa Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh;
ldrk gS vkSj og Hkh jk"Vªifr dh vuq'kalk ijA ljdkj }kjk bu eqíksa dks lacksf/kr djus vkSj LFkkuh;
yksdlHkk }kjk èku foèks;d ikfjr dj fn, tkus ds Lo'kklu esa lq/kkj djus ds fy, vf/kfu;fer fd;k
ckn] og fopkj ds fy, jkT; lHkk dks çsf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA
tkrk gSA èku foèks;d ds lacaèk esa jkT; lHkk ds ●● 73osa la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e dk çkFkfed y{; 'kklu esa
ikl lhfer vfèkdkj gSA jkT‍;lHkk èku foèks;d dks ukxfjdksa dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+kus ds fy, dsaæ ls LFkkuh;
vLohdkj ;k la'kksfèkr ugÈ dj ldrh gSA jkT‍;lHkk :i ls fuokZfpr vf/kdkfj;ksa dks yksdrkaf=d :i ls
RE
dsoy vuq'kalk,a dj ldrh gSA jkT‍;lHkk dks vuq'kalk lÙkk vkSj lalk/kuksa dk fodsUæhdj.k djuk FkkA
ds lkFk ;k ds fcuk 14 fnuksa ds Hkhrj yksdlHkk dks ●● bldk y{; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 40 ls lacaf/kr gS]
foèks;d okil djuk gksrk gSA yksdlHkk jkT;lHkk dh tks jkT; dks xzke iapk;rksa dh LFkkiuk djus vkSj
lHkh ;k fdU‍gÈ vuq'kalkvksa dks Lohdkj ;k vLohdkj mUgsa Lo'kklh laLFkkvksa ds :i esa dk;Z djus ds fy,
dj ldrh gSA vko';d vf/kdkj vkSj 'kfä;ka çnku djus ds fy,
●● è ku foèks;d fdlh ea=h (jkT;lHkk ls Hkh) (ljdkjh dgrk gSA
O
foèks;d) }kjk ;k laln ds fdlh Hkh lnL; }kjk fo"k;% lafo/kku la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e
(futh lnL; dk foèks;d) çLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gS mifo"k;% 73oka la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e
ysfdu dsoy yksdlHkk esaA
81. lgh fodYi% (c)
SC
●● j k"Vªifr èku foèks;d ij lgefr ns ldrk gS ;k jksd
ldrk gSA lafoèkku ds varxZr] jk"Vªifr }kjk lnu O;k[;k%
dks iquÆopkjkFkZ èku foèks;d okil ugÈ ykSVk;k tk
●● nks
uksa dFku lgh gSaA
ldrk gSA
fMftVy vfèkdkj
èku foèks;d dh dqN Jsf.k;ka
●● v
fHkO;fä dh Lora=rk vkSj futrk ls fudVrk ls
●● f oÙk foèks;d% foÙk foèks;d çfr o"kZ vke ctV dh
GS
tqM+s fMftVy vfèkdkj yksxksa dks fMftVy ehfM;k rd

çLrqfr ds rqjar ckn yksdlHkk esa çL‍rqr fd;k tkus igqap] mi;ksx] fuekZ>k vkSj çdk'ku ds lkFk&lkFk
okyk xqIr foèks;d gS tks vxys foÙkh; o"kZ ds fy, daI;wVj] vU; bysDVª‚fud midj.kksa vkSj lapkj
Hkkjr ljdkj ds foÙkh; çLrkoksa dks çHkkoh cukrk gSA usVodZ rd igqap vkSj mi;ksx dh vuqefr nsus okys
foÙk foèks;dksa dks èku foèks;d ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd vfèkdkj gSaA
mudk fofHkUu dj dkuwuksa esa la'kksèku vkSj muls
●● f MftVy vfèkdkj la;qä jk"Vª }kjk ekuokfèkdkjksa
lacafèkr ekeyksa ls dkQh lacaèk gksrk gSA dh lkoZHkkSe ?kks"k.kk esa fuèkkZfjr vfèkdkjksa dk dsoy
●● f ofu;ksx foèks;d% çklafxd vuqnku ekaxksa dks viukus foLrkj ek= gSa] tSlk fd v‚uykbu txr ij ykxw
ds rqjar ckn fofu;ksx foèks;d yksdlHkk esa çL‍rqr gksrk gSA
fd;k tkrk gSA bl çdkj ds foèks;dksa dks èku foèks;d ●● ; g O;kid 'kCn gS ftldk fufgrkFkZ futrk vkSj
ds :i esa oxÊ—r fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd os lnu MsVk lqj{kk dk vfèkdkj gS( ;g VªksÇyx] v‚uykbu
}kjk fn, x, vuqnkuksa vkSj Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk èkedh vkSj }s"kiw.kZ Hkk"k.k ls lacafèkr gks ldrk gS(
ij Hkkfjr O;; dks iwjk djus ds fy, vko';d lHkh ;g vkÆFkd i`"BHkwfe vkSj viaxrkvksa ls fujis{k leku
èkujkf'k;ksa dk Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk ls fofu;kstu baVjusV igqap ds O;kid eqíksa dks lacksfèkr dj ldrk
vfèk—r djuk pkgrs gSaA gSA
fo"k;% lalnh; dk;Z fo"k;% ekuokfèkdkj
mifo"k;% èku foèks;d mifo"k;% fMftVy vfèkdkj
33 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
82. lgh fodYi% (d) ç'kkluksa] ;k vU; dkuwu çorZu ,tsafl;ksa ls) eki
ds vfHkys[k ,d= djus] laxzghr djus] lalkfèkr
O;k[;k%
djus] lk>k djus] çlkfjr djus vkSj u"V djus dk
●● nks
uksa dFku lgh gSaA vfèkdkj nsrk gS] tSlk fd fu;eksa }kjk fuèkkZfjr fd;k
tk ldrk gSA vkijkfèkd çfØ;k (igpku) fu;e]
pqukoh jsofM;k¡ 2022 bu fooj.kksa dks fuÆn"V djrk gSA x`g ea=ky;
●● p
qukoh jsofM;k¡ pqukoh oknksa ds Hkkx ds rkSj nij }kjk 19 flracj] 2022 dks bu fu;eksa dks vfèklwfpr
jktuhfrd nyksa dh vksj ls vrkÆdd jsofM;ksa dh fd;k x;k FkkA
is'kd'k@forj.k gSaA
2022 ds fu;eksa dh çeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa esa 'kkfey gSa%
●● f oxr dqN o"kks± esa pqukoh jsofM;k¡ Hkkjrh; pqukoksa dk
vfHkUu vax cu xÃ gSa ftles açR;sd pquko esa lap;h ●● e ki ysuk% bl vfèkfu;e ds varxZr] lHkh nksf"k;ksa]
o`f) gks jgh gS tSls] fu%'kqY‍d fctyh] fu%'kqY‍d ty] fxj¶rkj O;fä;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk fdlh Hkh fuokjd
fu%'kqY‍d ifjogu] _.k ekQh] HkÙkk] ySiV‚i vkfnA fujksèk dkuwu ds varxZr fgjklr esa fy, x, O;fä;ksa
buesa ls dqN *fu%'kqY‍d phtsa* yksxksa dh cqfu;knh ds fy, viuh eki nsuk vko';d gks ldrk gSA bu
t:jrsa iwjk djus vkSj mudk thou Lrj Åij fu;eksa }kjk fuÆn"V fd;k tkrk gS fd dqN O;fä;ksa
mBkus esa lgk;rk djrh gSa] ftlls mU‍gsa csjkstxkjh] dh rc rd eki ugÈ yh tk,xh tc rd fd mUgsa
RE
jgu&lgu dh c<+rh yxkr] vkÆFkd vlekurk vkfn fdlh vU; vijkèk ds lacaèk esa vkjksfir ;k fxj¶rkj
tSls vU; eqíksa dks vLFkk;h :i ls lacksfèkr djus esa u fd;k x;k gksA bu O;fä;ksa esa naM çfØ;k lafgrk]
lgk;rk feyrh gSA ysfdu ;g yksdra= esa Lora= vkSj 1973 (CRPC) dh èkkjk 144 ;k 145 ds varxZr
fu"i{k pquko dh Hkkouk ds foijhr gS vkSj dÃ eqíksa fu"ksèkkKk dk mYya?ku djus okys ;k CRPC dh èkkjk
dks tUe nsrk gSA 151 ds varxZr fuokjd fujksèk ds varxZr fxj¶rkj
fd, x, O‍;fä 'kkfey gSaA
●● vkn'kZ vkpkj lafgrk ds pquko ?kks"k.kki= laca/kh
O
fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj] ●● e ki ysus ds fy, vfèk—r O;fä% ;g vfèkfu;e
çkoèkku djrk gS fd fdlh iqfyl vfèkdkjh ;k tsy
♦♦ Þikjnf'kZrk] leku volj vkSj oknksa dh
vfèkdkjh }kjk eki yh tk,xhA fu;eksa }kjk fuÆn"V
fo'oluh;rk ds fgr esa] ;g vis{kk dh tkrh
fd;k tkrk gS fd vfèk—r mi;ksxdrkZ] ;k eki ysus esa
SC
gS fd ?kks"k.kki= oknksa ds vkSfpR; dks Hkh
dq'ky dksÃ Hkh O;fä] ;k iath—r fpfdRld] ;k bl
n'kkZrs gSa vkSj eksVs rkSj ij blds fy, foÙkh;
lacaèk esa vfèk—r dksÃ Hkh O;fä ,slh eki ys ldrk
vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds rjhdksa vkSj
gSA vfèk—r mi;ksxdrkZ fdlh iqfyl vfèkdkjh ;k
lk/kuksa dk ladsr nsrs gSaA ernkrkvksa dk
fdlh tsy vfèkdkjh ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k
fo'okl dsoy mu oknksa ij ekaxk tkuk
gS] ftls NCRB }kjk MsVkcsl rd igqap ds fy,
pkfg, ftUgsa iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gSAÞ
vfèk—r fd;k x;k gSA
fo"k;% pquko@yksdra=
GS
mifo"k;% pqukoh jsofM;k¡ ●● e ki vfHkys[kksa dk laxzg.k% fu;eksa }kjk fuÆn"V fd;k

tkrk gS fd NCRB eki ysus ds fy, ekud lapkyu
çfØ;k (SOP) tkjh djsxk ftlesa fuEufyf[kr
83. lgh fodYi% (c)
'kkfey gksxk% (i) yh tkus okyk eki ds fofunsZ'k vkSj
O;k[;k% çk:i] (ii) bu ekiksa dks ysus ds fy, ç;ksx fd,
●● nks
uksa dFku lgh gSaA tkus okys midj.kksa ds fofunsZ'k] vkSj (iii) bu ekiksa
dks laHkkyus vkSj laxzghr djus dh fofèkA SOP esa
vkijkfèkd çfØ;k (igpku) vfèkfu;e] 2022 fuEufyf[kr çkoèkku fd;k ldrk gS% (i) og fMftVy
●● ;
g vfèkfu;e iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa ;k tsy vfèkdkfj;ksa çk:i ftlesa MsVkcsl ij viyksM djus ls igys
dks nksf"k;ksa ;k vijkèk ds fy, fxj¶rkj fd, x, çR;sd eki dks ifjoÆrr fd;k tkuk pkfg,] vkSj (ii)
yksxksa ls dqN igpku ;ksX; tkudkjh ,d= djus ,fUØI'ku fofèkA
dk vfèkdkj nsrk gSA bl tkudkjh esa maxfy;ksa ds ●● v
fHkys[kksa dks lk>k djuk% fdlh O;fä ds eki ds
fu'kku] rLohjsa] vk¡[k dh iqryh vkSj jsfVuk dk LdSu] vfHkys[kksa dk feyku djus ds fy,] fdlh vfèk—r
tSfod uewus vkSj mudk fo'ys"k.k] vkSj O;ogkj lacaèkh mi;ksxdrkZ }kjk vuqjksèk NCRB dks vxzsf"kr fd;k
fo'ks"krk,a 'kkfey gks ldrh gSaA tk,xkA NCRB }kjk vfHkys[kksa dk feyku fd;k
●● ;
g vfèkfu;e jk"Vªh; vijkèk fjd‚MZ C;wjks (NCRB) tk,xk vkSj fdlh lqjf{kr usVodZ ds ekè;e ls
dks (jkT; ljdkjksa] dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k (UT) ds vfèk—r mi;ksxdrkZ dks fjiksVZ miyC‍èk djkÃ tk,xhA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 34
SOP }kjk vfHkys[kksa ds çlaLdj.k vkSj feyku ds vkSj vuqlwfpr tkfr ds lnL;ksa ds fy, vkjf{kr lhVksa
fy, fn'kkfunsZ'k çnku fd;k tk,xkA dh la[;k] (ii) fuxeksa ds {ks= dk {ks=ksa vkSj okMks± dk
●● v fHkys[kksa dks u"V djuk% ;g vfèkfu;e çkoèkku foHkktu] (iii) okMks± dk ifjlheu] (iv) osru vkSj
djrk gS fd mu O;fä;ksa dh fLFkfr esa vfHkys[kksa dks HkÙkksa] vkSj vk;qä dh vuqifLFkfr ds vodk'k tSls
u"V dj fn;k tk,xk tks% (i) igys nks"kh ugÈ Bgjk, ekeys] (v) fuxe }kjk _.kksa ds lesdu dh e¡twjh]
x, gSa (dkjkokl ds lkFk vijkèk ds fy,)] vkSj (ii) vkSj (vi) uxj fuxe dh fufèk ;k laifÙk dh gkfu
U‍;k;y; }kjk eqdnes ds fcuk fjgk] mU‍eksfpr] ;k ;k cckZnh ;k nq:i;ksx ds fy, vk;qä ds fo:)
nks"keqD‍r dj fn, x, gSa] tc rd fd eftLVªsV ;k {kfriwÆr ds fy, eqdnek e¡twj djukA blh rjg] ;g
U‍;k;ky; }kjk vU;Fkk funsZ'k u fn;k tk,A NCRB vfèkfu;e vfuok;Z djrk gS fd vk;qä }kjk fnYyh
}kjk vfHkys[kksa dks u"V dj fn;k tk,xk tSlk fd ljdkj ds lkekU; vèkh{k.k vkSj funsZ'kksa ds varxZr
fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA fu;eksa ds vuqlkj] SOP }kjk fofu;e cukus ds lacaèk esa viuh 'kfä;ksa dk ç;ksx
vfHkys[kksa dks u"V vkSj fuL‍rkfjr djus dh çfØ;k fd;k tk,xkA blds ctk; ;g foèks;d dsaæ ljdkj
çnku dh tk,xhA jkT; ;k dsaæ ljdkj ;k dsaæ dks bu ekeyksa esa fu.kZ; ysus dk vfèkdkj nsrk gSA
'kkflr çns'k ds ç'kklu }kjk ,d uksMy vfèkdkjh ●● i k"kZnksa dh la[;k% ;g vfèkfu;e çkoèkku djrk gS fd
ukfer fd;k tk,xk] ftlls eki ds vfHkys[kksa dks ,d lkFk feykdj rhuksa fuxeksa esa lhVksa dh la[;k
u"V djus ds fy, vuqjksèk fd;k tk,xkA uksMy 272 ls vfèkd ugÈ gksuh pkfg,A bl vfèkfu;e dh
RE
vfèkdkjh }kjk ;g lR;kfir djus ds ckn fd bl 14oÈ vuqlwph esa rhu fuxeksa esa 272 okMks± dks fuÆn"V
rjg ds vfHkys[k fdlh vU; vkijkfèkd ekeys ls fd;k x;k gSA ;g foèks;d dgrk gS fd u, fuxe
tqM+s ugÈ gSa] NCRB ls vfHkys[kksa dks u"V djus dh esa dqy lhVksa dh la[;k 250 ls vfèkd ugÈ gksuh
vuq'kalk dh tk,xhA pkfg,A
fo"k;% Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk ●● L Fkkuh; fudk;ksa ds funs'kd gVkuk% ;g vfèkfu;e
mifo"k;% vkijkfèkd çfØ;k (igpku) vfèkfu;e] 2022 fnYyh ljdkj dh lgk;rk djus vkSj dqN dk;ks± dk
O fuoZgu djus ds fy, LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds funs'kd dk
84. lgh fodYi% (b) çkoèkku djrk gS ftlesa 'kkfey gSa% (i) fuxeksa ds chp
leUo; djuk] (ii) fofHkUu inksa ds fy, HkrÊ fu;e
O;k[;k%
SC
cukuk] vkSj (iii) lacafèkr fuxeksa }kjk ,d= dh xÃ
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% ;g foèks;d çkoèkku djrk gS fd dsaæ pqaxh dk laxzg.k vkSj lgHkktu dk leUo; djukA
ljdkj fuxe dh 'kfä;ksa dk ç;ksx djus ds fy, ;g foèks;d LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds funs'kd ds çkoèkku
,d fo'ks"k vfèkdkjh fu;qä dj ldrh gSA dk foyksi djrk gSA
fnYyh uxj fuxe (la'kksèku) foèks;d] 2022 ●● d
saæ ljdkj }kjk fu;qä fd;k tkus okyk fo'ks"k
vfèkdkjh% ;g foèks;d çkoèkku djrk gS fd dsaæ
●● f nYyh uxj fuxe (la'kksèku) foèks;d] 2022 dks 25
ljdkj fuxe dh 'kfä;ksa dk ç;ksx djus ds fy,
GS
ekpZ] 2022 dks yksdlHkk esa çL‍rqr fd;k x;k FkkA

,d fo'ks"k vfèkdkjh fu;qä dj ldrh gS tc rd fd
;g foèks;d laln }kjk ikfjr fnYyh uxj fuxe
foèks;d dkuwu cuus ds ckn fuxe dh igyh cSBd
vfèkfu;e] 1957 esa la'kksèku djuk pkgrk gSA ;g
ugÈ gksrh gSA
vfèkfu;e fnYyh ds rRdkyhu uxj fuxe dks% (i)
mÙkjh fnYyh uxj fuxe] (ii) nf{k.kh fnYyh uxj ●● u kxfjdksa ds fy, Ã&'kklu ç.kkyh% ;g foèks;d
fuxe] vkSj (iii) iwoÊ fnYyh uxj fuxe esa foHkkftr dgrk gS fd u, fuxe ds vfuok;Z dk;ks± esa csgrj]
djus ds fy, 2011 esa fnYyh foèkku lHkk }kjk tokcnsg vkSj ikjn'kÊ ç'kklu ds fy, dHkh Hkh&dgÈ
la'kksfèkr fd;k x;k FkkA ;g foèks;d bu rhu fuxeksa Hkh ukxfjd lsokvksa ds fy, Ã&'kklu ç.kkyh LFkkfir
dks ,d djuk pkgrk gSA djuk 'kkfey gksxkA
●● f nYyh esa uxj fuxeksa dk ,dhdj.k% ;g foèks;d ●● l QkÃ deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, lsok dh 'krs±% ;g vfèkfu;e
vfèkfu;e ds varxZr rhu uxj fuxeksa dks fnYyh çkoèkku djrk gS fd fdlh Hkou dh lQkÃ djus
uxj fuxe uked ,d fuxe ls çfrLFkkfir djrk ds fy, fu;ksftr lQkÃ deZpkjh dks viuh lsok
gSA can djus ls igys mfpr dkj.k crkuk ;k 14 fnu
dk uksfVl nsuk gksxkA ;g foèks;d bl çkoèkku dk
●● f nYyh ljdkj dh 'kfä;k¡% 2011 esa ;Fkk la'kksfèkr ;g
foyksi djuk pkgrk gSA
vfèkfu;e fnYyh ljdkj dks vfèkfu;e ds varxZr
fofHkUu ekeyksa esa fu.kZ; ysus dk vfèkdkj nsrk FkkA fo"k;% jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks= fnYyh
buesa 'kkfey Fkk% (i) ik"kZnksa dh dqy lhVksa dh la[;k fo"k;% fnYyh uxj fuxe (la'kksèku) foèks;d] 2022
35 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
85. lgh fodYi% (d) bZoh,e
O;k[;k% ●● bysDVª‚fud oksfVax e'khu ¼bZoh,e½ oksV fjd‚MZ djus
ds fy, ,d bysDVª‚fud midj.k gSA ,d bysDVª‚fud
●● dFku 1 xyr gS% jk"Vªh; MksÇix jksèkh ,tsalh [ksyksa esa
oksfVax e'khu esa nks ;wfuV & ,d daVªksy ;wfuV vkSj
MksÇix jksèkh xfrfofèk;k¡ fofu;fer djus ds fy, ,d
,d cSysfVax ;wfuV & ikap ehVj dscy ls tqM+h gksrh
lkafofèkd fudk; gSA
gSaA daVªksy ;wfuV dks ihBklhu vf/kdkjh ;k ernku
●● d
Fku 2 xyr gS% ;g vfèkfu;e Hkkjr esa [ksyksa ds vf/kdkjh ds ikl j[kk tkrk gS vkSj cSysfVax ;wfuV
fy, iks"kd iwjd vkgkj ds fofuekZ.k ds fy, ekud dks oksfVax dEikVZesaV ds vanj j[kk tkrk gSA
LFkkfir djuk pkgrk gSA
●● bZoh,e dks pquko vk;ksx dh rduhdh fo'ks"kK lfefr
jk"Vªh; MksÇix jksèkh vfèkfu;e 2022 ¼VhbZlh½ }kjk nks lkoZtfud {ks= ds miØeksa] Hkkjr
bysDVª‚fuDl fyfeVsM] cSaxyksj vkSj bysDVª‚fud
●● l
aln [ksyksa esa MksÇix jksèkh xfrfofèk;k¡ fofu;fer
d‚iksZjs'ku v‚Q bafM;k fyfeVsM] gSnjkckn ds lg;ksx
djus ds fy, ,d lkafofèkd fudk; ds :i esa jk"Vªh;
ls rS;kj vkSj fMtkbu fd;k x;k gSA bZoh,e dk
MksÇix jksèkh ,tsalh ds xBu dk çkoèkku djus ds fy,
fuekZ.k mijksä nksuksa miØeksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
jk"Vªh; MksÇix jksèkh vfèkfu;e 2022 ikfjr fd;k gSA
fo"k;% pquko
●● [ ksyksa esa MksÇix ij jksd yxkus vkSj ns'k esa MksÇix
mifo"k;% bZoh,e
RE
jksèkh xfrfofèk;k¡ çoÆrr djus ds fy, dkuwu ds :i
esa lkafofèkd <kapkA
87. lgh fodYi% (c)
;g vfèkfu;e iwjk djuk pkgrk gS% & O;k[;k%
●● M
ksÇix jksèku esa laLFkkxr {kerkvksa dk fuekZ.k djuk ●● nks
uksa dFku lgh gSaA
vkSj çeq[k [ksy vk;kstuksa dh estckuh laHko cukuk(
O
●● lHkh f[kykfM+;ksa ds vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk djuk( jk"Vªh; Ã&foèkku ,I‍yhds'ku
●● ,FkyhVksa ds fy, le;c) U;k; lqfuf'pr djuk( ●● N
eVa NIC DykmM] es?kjkt ij ifjfu;ksftr
dk;Z&çokg ç.kkyh gS tks lnu ds vè;{k dh lnu
●● [ ksyksa esa MksÇix ls yM+us esa ,tsafl;ksa ds chp lg;ksx
SC
dh dk;Zokgh lqpk: :i ls pykus] ekuuh; lnL;ksa
c<+kuk( dh lnu esa vius drZO;ksa dk dq'kyrkiwoZd ikyu
●● L oPN [ksyksa ds fy, varjjk"Vªh; nkf;Roksa ds çfr djus vkSj lnu dk foèkk;h dkedkt dkxtjfgr
Hkkjr dh çfrc)rk dks etcwr djuk( rjhds ls pykus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA
●● MksÇix jksèkh vfèkfu.kZ; ds fy, Lora= fØ;kra=( ●● N
eVA midj.k rVLFk vkSj lnL; dsafær
●● j k"Vªh; MksÇix jksèkh ,tsalh (NAADA) vkSj jk"Vªh; ,fIyds'ku gS tks gkFk esa idM+s tkus okys midj.k@
VScysV esa lnL; ds laidZ fooj.kksa] çfØ;k ds fu;eksa]
GS
Mksi ijh{k.k ç;ksx'kkyk (NDTL) dks dkuwuh ekU;rk

çnku djuk( dk;Zlapkyu dh lwph] uksfVlksa] cqysfVuksa] foèks;dksa]
rkjkafdr@vrkjkafdr ç'uksa vkSj mÙkjksa] j[ks x,
●● vfèkd Mksi ijh{k.k ç;ksx'kkykvksa dh LFkkiuk djuk(
dkxtkr] lfefr dh fjiksVZ vkfn ds lacaèk esa iwjh
●● ç R;{k vkSj vçR;{k :i ls jkstxkj ds volj iSnk tkudkjh nsdj LekVZ rjhds ls lnu dk fofoèk
djuk( rFkk dk;Zlapkyu laHkkyuk laHko cukrk gS vkSj lHkh
●● M
ksÇix jksèku ls lacafèkr 'kS{kf.kd vuqlaèkku] foKku foèkkueaMyksa@foHkkxksa dks bldks dq'kyrk ls laHkkyus
vkSj fofuekZ.k dk volj iSnk djukA ds fy, lqlfTtr djrk gSA NeVA MsVk laxzg ds
●● H kkjr esa [ksyksa ds fy, iks"kd iwjd vkgkj ds fofuekZ.k fy, uksfVl@vuqjksèk Hkstus dh çfØ;k dks iwjh rjg
ds fy, ekud LFkkfir djukA ls lekIr dj nsxkA
fo"k;% vkS"kfèk fofu;e ●● ;
g ,fIyds'ku ç'u vkSj vU; uksfVl çL‍rqr djus ds
mifo"k;% jk"Vªh; MksÇix jksèkh vfèkfu;e 2022 fy, lnu ds çR;sd lnL; ds fy, ,d lqjf{kr i`"B
gksLV djrk gSA
86. lgh fodYi% (c) ●● bl ifj;kstuk dk mís'; ns'k ds lHkh foèkkueaMyksa
dks ,d eap ij ykuk] bl rjg dÃ ,I‍yhds'kuksa
O;k[;k% dh tfVyrk j[ks fcuk fo'kky MsVk fMi‚ftVjh dk
●● fodYi
(c) lgh gSA fuekZ.k djuk gSA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 36
vkÆFkd :i ls detksj oxZ (EWS) dksVk
●● 1 03osa lafoèkku (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2019 ds ekè‍;e
ls vuqPNsn 15 vkSj 16 esa la'kksèku dj 10% EWS
dksVk çnku fd;k x;k FkkA blus vuqPNsn 15 (6)
vkSj vuqPNsn 16 (6) tksM+k FkkA ;g vkÆFkd :i ls
detksj oxks± (EWS) ds fy, ukSdfj;ksa vkSj 'kSf{kd
laLFkkuksa esa ços'k esa vkÆFkd vkj{k.k ds fy, gSA
●● ;
g vfèkfu;e vuqlwfpr tkfr (SC)] vuqlwfpr
●● mNeVA NeVA dk mi;ksxdrkZ vuqdwy eksckby tutkfr (ST) vkSj lkekftd vkSj 'kSf{kd :i ls
,si gS tks Android ds lkFk&lkFk iOS ij Hkh fiNM+s oxks± (SEBC) ds fy, 50% vkj{k.k uhfr ds
miyCèk gSA us foèkkueaMyksa esa dk;Zlapkyu ds lacaèk nk;js esa ugÈ vkus okys xjhcksa ds dY;k.k dks c<+kok
esa tkudkjh lHkh ds fy, fdlh Hkh le;] dgÈ Hkh nsus ds fy, cuk;k x;k gSA dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa nksuksa dks
miyCèk djkÃ gSA lekt ds vkÆFkd :i ls detksj oxks± (EWS) dks
fo"k;% Ã&foèkkf;dk vkj{k.k çnku djus ds fy, l{ke cukrk gSA
mifo"k;% jk"Vªh; Ã&foèkku ,I‍yhds'ku fo"k;% 103oka lafoèkku (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e
RE
fo"k;% vkÆFkd :i ls detksj oxZ (EWS) dksVk
88. lgh fodYi% (c)
90. lgh fodYi% (c)
O;k[;k%
●● nksuksa dFku lgh gSA O;k[;k%
●● dFku 1 xyr gS% LokfeRo (SVAMITVA) ;kstuk
ernku djus ds cafn;ksa ds vfèkdkj vfèkdkj ls lacafèkr
çkoèkku
O iapk;rh jkt ea=ky; dh ,d uÃ igy gSA bldk
eryc xkaoksa dk losZ{k.k vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa rkRdkfyd
●● t
u çfrfufèkRo vfèkfu;e] 1951 dh èkkjk 62(5) ds çkS|ksfxdh ds lkFk ekufp=.k gSA
varxZr] iqfyl dh fofèkd fgjklr esa j[ks x, vkSj
SC
nks"kflf) ds ckn dkjkokl dh ltk dkV jgs O;fä LokfeRo ;kstuk
ernku ugÈ dj ldrs gSaA ●● L okfeRo ;kstuk iapk;rh jkt ea=ky; dh ,d uÃ
●● f opkjkèkhu cafn;ksa dks pqukoksa esa Hkkx ysus ls ckgj igy gSA bldk eryc xkaoksa dk losZ{k.k vkSj xzkeh.k
j[kk x;k gS] Hkys gh mudk uke ernkrk lwph esa gSA {ks=ksa esa rkRdkfyd çkS|ksfxdh ds lkFk ekufp=.k
●● d soy fuokjd fujksèk esa j[ks x, O‍;fä (fuokjd canh) gSA bldk mís'; xzkeh.k yksxksa dks viuh vkoklh;
gh Mkd eri=ksa ds ekè;e ls viuk oksV Mky ldrs ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds nLrkosthdj.k dk vfèkdkj çnku
GS
gSaA djuk gS rkfd os viuh laifÙk dk vkÆFkd mís';ksa ds

fo"k;% ewy vfèkdkj fy, mi;ksx dj ldsaA
mifo"k;% ernku dk vfèkdkj ●● ;
g ;kstuk Mªksu çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx dj xzkeh.k
vkcknh okys {ks=ksa esa Hkw[kaMksa dk losZ{k.k djus ds
89. lgh fodYi% (a) fy, gSA losZ{k.k 2020&2025 dh vofèk esa ns'k Hkj esa
O;k[;k% pj.kc) rjhds ls fd;k tk,xkA ;g ;kstuk ik;yV
pj.k (foÙk o"kZ 2020 &21) ds fy, 79-65 djksM+
●● dFku 3 xyr gS% vkÆFkd :i ls detksj oxZ (EWS)
#i;s ds vuqekfur ifjO;; ds lkFk ,d dsaæh; {ks=
dksVk dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa nksuksa dks lekt ds vkÆFkd :i
dh ;kstuk ds :i esa çLrkfor gSA
ls detksj oxks± (EWS) dks vkj{k.k çnku djus ds
fy, l{ke cukrk gSA mís';
vkÆFkd :i ls detksj oxZ (EWS) ●● x
zkeh.k Hkkjr ds ukxfjdksa dks _.k vkSj vU; foÙkh;
●● g ky gh esa] loksZPp U;k;ky; us 103osa laoSèkkfud ykHk çkIr djus ds fy, viuh laifÙk dks ,d foÙkh;
la'kksèku dh oSèkrk dks cjdjkj j[kk] tks iwjs Hkkjr ifjlaifÙk ds :i esa ç;ksx djus esa l{ke cukrs gq,
esa ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa vkSj 'kSf{kd laL‍Fkkuksa esa vxM+h mUgsa foÙkh; fLFkjrk çnku djukA
tkfr;ksa ds chp vkÆFkd :i ls detksj oxks± (EWS) ●● x
zkeh.k fu;kstu ds fy, lVhd Hkwfe vfHkys[kksa dk
ds fy, 10% vkj{k.k çnku djrk gSA fuekZ.k djukA
37 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
●● l
aifÙk dj dk fuèkkZj.k] tks mu jkT;ksa esa lhèks xzke ●● 2 021&2026 rd ns'k Hkj esa 80 U;k; fe= fu;qä
iapk;rksa dks çkIr gksxk tgka ;s fodflr gSa ;k ;k fd, tk,axsA o"kZ 2021&2022 ds fy,] vçSy 2022 esa
jkT; dks"kkxkj dks çkIr gksxkA 11 ftyk U;k;ky;ksa esa 11 U;k; fe= fu;qä fd, x,
●● l
osZ{k.k dh volajpuk vkSj thvkÃ,l uD'kksa dk gSaA
fuekZ.k ftudk mi;ksx fdlh Hkh foHkkx }kjk vius ●● ;
g ;kstuk *U;k; fe=* ds :i esa ukfer ,d lsokfuo`Ùk
mi;ksx ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA U;kf;d ;k dk;Zdkjh vfèkdkjh (dkuwuh vuqHko okys)
●● t
hvkÃ,l ekufp=ksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, csgrj ds ekè;e ls dk;kZfUor dh tkrh gSA ;g ifj;kstuk
xq.koÙkk okyh xzke iapk;r fodkl ;kstuk (thihMhih) CSCs esa fLFkr ftyk lqfoèkk dsaæksa ls lapkfyr dh
rS;kj djus esa lg;ksx nsukA tk,xhA
●● l
aifÙk lacaèkh fooknksa vkSj dkuwuh ekeyksa dks de ●● t kap ;k lquokÃ esa nsjh dk dkj.k ihfM+r gksus okys
djukA okfn;ksa dks vU; lgk;rk ds vykok] U;k; fe= dh
;s Hkh ftEesnkfj;ka gksaxhA jk"Vªh; U;kf;d MsVk fxzM
LokfeRo ;kstuk ds fofHkUu pj.k vkSj bldh >yfd;ka ds ekè;e ls lfØ; :i ls ,sls ekeyksa dh igpku
djuk] dkuwuh lykg çnku djuk vkSj okfn;ksa dks
DLSA] CSC Vsyh y‚] vU; ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa vkSj
ukxfjd lekt laxBuksa ls tksM+uk gksxkA
RE
fo"k;% ljdkjh ;kstuk
mifo"k;% U;k; fe= ;kstuk
92. lgh fodYi% (c)

O;k[;k%
O
●● nks
uksa dFku lgh gSaA
fo"k;% ljdkjh ;kstuk Vsyh&y‚

mifo"k;% LokfeRo ;kstuk ●● U ;k; foHkkx us lkekU; lsok dsaæ (CSC) ds ekè;e
SC
ls oafpr leqnk;ksa dks dkuwuh lgk;rk çnku djus ds
91. lgh fodYi% (b) fy, NALSA vkSj CSC Ã&xous±l lÆol bafM;k
fyfeVsM ds lkFk Hkkxhnkjh dh gSA
O;k[;k%
●● V syh&y‚ dk vFkZ gS dkuwuh tkudkjh vkSj lykg
●● d
Fku 1 xyr gS% U;k; fe= (NM) dk mís'; mPp
nsus ds fy, lapkj vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx
U;k;ky;ksa vkSj vèkhuLFk U;k;ky;ksa esa 10&15 lky
djukA odhyksa vkSj yksxksa ds chp ;g Ã&laokn]
iqjkus yafcr ekeyksa ds 'kh?kz fuiVku dh lqfoèkk çnku
GS
CSC esa miyCèk ohfM;ks&d‚UÝsaÇlx volajpuk ds

djuk gSA
ekè;e ls gksxhA
U;k; fe= ;kstuk ●● V syh&y‚ dh voèkkj.kk ;g gS fd jkT; dkuwuh lsok
●● U ;k; fe= (NM) dk mís'; mPp U;k;ky;ksa vkSj çkfèkdj.k (SALSA) vkSj CSC esa rSukr odhyksa
vèkhuLFk U;k;ky;ksa esa 10&15 lky iqjkus yafcr ds ,d iSuy ds ekè;e ls dkuwuh lykg nsus dh
ekeyksa ds 'kh?kz fuiVku dh lqfoèkk çnku djuk gSA lqfoèkk çnku dh tk,xhA bl ifj;kstuk ds ekè;e
ls 1]00]000 fpfàr iapk;rksa esa rSukr iSjk&yhxy
●● 2 017 esa U;k; fe= dk;ZØe dh 'kq#vkr ds ckn ls] okyafV;lZ }kjk ohfM;ks d‚UÝsaÇlx lqfoèkkvksa ds ekè;e
vuqyXud&*,* ds varxZr çnÙk fooj.k ds vuqlkj ls ukxfjdksa dks odhyksa ls tksM+k tk,xkA
dqy 38 U;k; fe= vle] fcgkj] dukZVd] egkjk"Vª]
vksfM'kk] jktLFkku] mÙkj çns'k vkSj if'pe caxky ●● o hfM;ks d‚UÝsaÇlx@VsyhQksu ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr
jkT;ksa esa fu;qä fd, x, FksA ds 28 jkT;ksa vkSj 8 dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa esa 1]00]000
CSCs }kjk Vsyh&y‚ lsok çnku dh tk,xhA
●● v
c rd fu;qä U;k; fe=ksa us 3495 iqjkus ekeyksa
ds fuiVku esa lacafèkr U;k;ky; dh lgk;rk dh ●● e fgyk iSjk yhxy okyafV;lZ dh igpku djds]
gS ftlesa oSokfgd ekeys] nq?kZVuk ls lacafèkr nkos mUgsa l'kä cukus dks çkFkfedrk nh tk,xhA mUgksaus
vkSj vkijkfèkd ekeys Hkh 'kkfey gSaA fuiVk, x, CSCs esa fu;qä fd;k tk,xk] rkfd xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa
ekeyksa dk jkT;@la?k 'kkflr jkT; {ks=okj fooj.k jgus okys ukxfjdksa rd dkuwuh lgk;rk igqapkÃ tk
vuqyXud&*ch* esa miyCèk gSA ldsA
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 38
●● V syh&y‚ e‚My] CSCs vkSj dkuwuh lsok çkfèkdj.kksa esa Hkkxhnkjksa ds lkFk feydj dke djrk gSA ftyksa dks
fu;qä odhyksa ds fo'ks"kK iSuy ds ekè;e ls dkuwuh ,slh loksZÙke dk;Zç.kkfy;ksa dks fodflr djus vkSj
lykg dh lqfoèkk çnku djsxkA nksgjkus ds fy, Hkh çksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS tks
fo"k;% U;k; foHkkx@NALSA@CSCs lkekftd&vkÆFkd fo"k;ksa esa lqèkkj yk ldrh gSaA
mifo"k;% Vsyh&y‚ vkdka{kh ftyk dk;ZØe dk mís'; vfuok;Z :i ls
lrr fodkl y{;ksa dks LFkkfud cukuk gS] ftlls
93. lgh fodYi% (d) jk"Vª dh çxfr lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA
●● v kdka{kh ftyksa dk çn'kZu ÞpSafi;al v‚Q psatß uke ds
O;k[;k%
ifCyd Mksesu iksVZy ij Championsofchange-gov-in
●● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA ij miyCèk gSA
vkdka{kh ftyk dk;ZØe fo"k;% ljdkj dh igy
mifo"k;% vkdka{kh ftyk dk;ZØe
●● e kuuh; çèkkuea=h }kjk tuojh 2018 esa y‚Up fd,
x, vkdka{kh ftyk dk;ZØe (ADP) dk y{; ns'k
94. lgh fodYi% (d)
Hkj ds 112 lcls de fodflr ftyksa dks tYnh
vkSj çHkkoh :i ls dk;kiyV djuk gSA dk;ZØe dh O;k[;k%
RE
O;kid :ijs[kk esa 'kkfey gS% vfHklj.k (dsaæh; vkSj ●● lHkh
dFku lgh gSaA
jkT; ;kstukvksa dk)] lg;ksx (dsaæh;] jkT; Lrjh;
*çHkkjh* vfèkdkfj;ksa vkSj ftyk dysDVjksa dk)] vkSj jk"Vªh; o;ksJh ;kstuk (RVY)
ekfld MsYVk jSaÇdx ds ekè;e ls ftyksa ds chp ●● j k"Vªh; o;ksJh ,slh ;kstuk gS ftlds varxZr xjhch
çfrLièkkZ( ;s lHkh ,d tu vkanksyu }kjk lapkfyr js[kk ls uhps (BPL) dh Js.kh ds mu ofj"B ukxfjdksa
gksaxsA dks lgk;rk vkSj lgk;d midj.k çnku fd;k tkrk
●● p
O
wafd jkT; bl ;kstuk dk eq[; lapkyd gksxk] gSA ;g dsaæh; {ks= dh ;kstuk gS] tks iwjh rjg ls dsaæ
blfy, ;g çR;sd ft+ys dh {kerk ij è;ku dsafær ljdkj }kjk foÙk iksf"kr gSA ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u esa
djrk gS] ,oa rRdky lqèkkj ds fy;s çHkkoh dkjdksa vkus okys [kpZ dh iwÆr Þofj"B ukxfjd dY;k.k dks"kÞ
dh igpku djrk gS vkSj ekfld vkèkkj ij ft+yksa ls fd;k tk,xkA ;g ;kstuk lkekftd U;k; vkSj
SC
dh jSaÇdx djds çxfr dks ekirk gSA jSaÇdx 5 O;kid vfèkdkfjrk ea=ky; ds rgr ,d ih,l;w] ,dek=
lkekftd&vkÆFkd fo"k;ksa ds varxZr 49 çeq[k çn'kZu dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh & —f=e vax fuekZ.k fuxe
ladsrd (KPI) esa gqÃ o`f)'khy çxfr ij vkèkkfjr (ALIMCO) ds ekè;e ls ykxw dh tk,xhA
gksxhA bu ikap fo"k;ksa esa 'kkfey gksaxs& LokLF; vkSj ●● ;
kstuk ds rgr] lgk;rk dsoy jk"Vª ds ofj"B
iks"k.k] f'k{kk] —f"k vkSj ty lalkèku] foÙkh; lekos'k ukxfjdksa dks çnku dh tk,xhA bldk eryc ;g
vkSj dkS'ky fodkl ,oa volajpukA vkdka{kh ftyksa gS fd tks yksx 60 o"kZ ls vfèkd vk;q ds gSa] mUgsa
GS
dh MsYVk&jSaÇdx vkSj lHkh ftyksa dk çn'kZu pSafi;al fu%'kqYd lgk;rk vkSj lgk;d midj.k çnku fd,
v‚Q psat MS'kcksMZ ij miyCèk gSA tk,axsA ;s lgk;rk vkSj midj.k muds pyus&fQjus
●● l
jdkj vius ukxfjdksa ds thou Lrj dks Åij mBkus esa lgk;d gksaxsA lkFk gh ljdkj us mu 'kgjksa dk
vkSj lHkh ds fy, lekos'kh fodkl lqfuf'pr djus p;u fd;k gS tgka ;kstuk ykxw dh tk,xhA jk"Vªh;
ds fy, çfrc) gS & Þlcdk lkFk lcdk fodkl o;ksJh ;kstuk (RVY) ;kstuk dk iw.kZ ykHk çkIr
vkSj lcdk foÜoklÞA mudh {kerk ds mi;ksx dks djus ds fy, ofj"B ukxfjdksa ds fy, eq[; ekunaM
l{ke djus ds fy,] ;g dk;ZØe yksxksa dh c<+rh ;g gS fd mUgsa chih,y ifjokj ls lacafèkr gksuk
vFkZO;oLFkk esa iwjh rjg ls Hkkx ysus dh {kerk esa pkfg, vkSj lacafèkr çkfèkdj.k }kjk tkjh oSèk chih,y
lqèkkj djus ij è;ku dsafær djrk gSA ftyksa dks dkMZ gksuk pkfg,A
vius jkT; esa lcls vPNs ftys ds leku fLFkfr esa
igqapus ds fy;s çksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ckn esa ;kstuk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a
çfrLièkÊ rFkk lgdkjh la?kokn dh Hkkouk ls nwljksa ●● i k= ofj"B ukxfjdksa ds chp çdV gksus okyh
ls çfrLièkkZ djds vkSj nwljksa ls lh[kdj ns'k ds v{kerk@nqcZyrk dh lhek ds vuq:i midj.kksa dk
loZJs"B esa ls ,d cuus ds fy, çsfjr fd;k tkrk fu%'kqYd forj.kA
gSA ●● , d gh O;fä esa dÃ fodykaxrk@nqcZyrk çdV gksus
●● u hfr vk;ksx ftyk Lrj ij çxfr dks rsth ls VªSd dh fLFkfr esa] çR;sd fodykaxrk@nqcZyrk ds fy,
djus ds fy, lacafèkr ea=ky;ksa vkSj fofHkUu fodkl lgk;d midj.k çnku fd, tk,axsA
39 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
●● —
f=e vax fuekZ.k fuxe (ALIMCO) lgk;rk vkSj ds vko';drk&vkèkkfjr ,oa ifj.kke&mUeq[k lexz
lgk;d midj.kksa dk ,d o"kZ dk fu%'kqYd j[kj[kko fodkl esa ;ksxnku ns ldsA
djsxkA ●● b l çfØ;k esa ;g lqfuf'pr djus dh ifjdYiuk
●● m
ik;qä@ftyk dysDVj dh vè;{krk okyh lfefr dh xÃ gS fd dsaæ rFkk jkT; ljdkjksa ds fofHkUu
ds ekè;e ls çR;sd ftys esa ykHkkÆFk;ksa dh igpku dk;ZØeksa@;kstukvksa ds varxZr oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ds
jkT; ljdkjksa@la?k 'kkflr jkT; {ks= ds ç'kkluksa lHkh bfPNr ykHk] mi;qä laLFkkxr ra=ksa ds ekè;e
}kjk dh tk,xhA ls lalkèkuksa ds vfHklj.k }kjk] okLro esa yf{kr lewgksa
●● t
gka rd laHko gks] çR;sd ftys esa 30% ykHkkFkÊ rd igq¡p ldsaA blds rgr ns'k Hkj dh leLr
efgyk,a gksaxhA tutkrh; turk rFkk tutkrh; vkcknh okys lHkh
{ks=ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA
●● j kT; ljdkj@la?k 'kkflr çns'k dk ç'kklu@ftyk
Lrjh; lfefr Hkh chih,y Js.kh ls lacafèkr ofj"B mís';
ukxfjdksa dh igpku ds fy, NSAP ;k jkT;@
●● tutkrh; {ks=ksa esa thou dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj
dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k dh fdlh vU; ;kstuk ds rgr
o`)koLFkk isa'ku çkIr djus okys chih,y ykHkkÆFk;ksa ●● f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj
ds MsVk dk mi;ksx dj ldrh gSA ●● t
utkrh; ifjokjksa ds fy, xq.kkRed o laèkkj.kh;
RE
fo"k;% ljdkjh ;kstuk jkstxkj
fo"k;% jk"Vªh; o;ksJh ;kstuk (RVY) ●● x
q.koÙkk ij è;ku nsrs gq, vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ds
varjkyksa dks de djuk
95. lgh fodYi% (d) ●● t utkrh; laL—fr ,oa fojklr dk laj{k.k
O;k[;k% fo"k;% ljdkjh dY;k.k ;kstuk
●● nks mifo"k;% oucaèkq dY;k.k ;kstuk
O
uksa dFku lgh gSaA
ifjokj U;k;ky; vfèkfu;e] 1984 97. lgh fodYi% (d)

●● ;g ,DV jkT; ljdkjksa dks QSfeyh dksVZ~l O;k[;k%
SC
LFkkfir djus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA
●● lHkh
dFku lgh gSaA
●● dsaæ ljdkj dks vf/kfu;e ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa
ykxw gksus dh rkjh[kksa dks vf/klwfpr djus dk ,dyO; e‚My vkoklh; fo|ky; (EMRS)
vf/kdkj gSA ●● E
MRS dk vkjEHk o"kZ 1997&98 esa nwjLFk {ks=ksa esa
●● i fjokj U;k;ky; vfèkfu;e] 1984 dk vfèkfu;eu fLFkr vuqlwfpr tutkrh; cPpksa dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk
ifjokj U;k;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy, fd;k çnku djus gsrq fd;k x;k Fkk rkfd os mPp ,oa
GS
x;k Fkk rkfd lqyg dks c<+kok fn;k tk lds O;kolkf;d 'kSf{kd ikBîØeksa esa voljksa dk ykHk
vkSj oSokfgd ,oa ikfjokfjd ekeyksa ls lacafèkr mBk ldsa vkSj fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa jkstxkj çkIr dj
eqíksa o lac) ekeyksa ds 'kh?kz lekèkku lqfuf'pr ldsaA
fd;k tk ldsA ●● ;
s fo|ky; u dsoy vdknfed f'k{kk ij vfirq Nk=ksa
fo"k;% U;k;ra= ds lok±xh.k fodkl ij è;ku dsafær djrs gSaA çR;sd
mifo"k;% ifjokj U;k;ky; vfèkfu;e] 1984 Ldwy esa NBh ls ckjgoÈ d{kk rd ds 480 Nk=ksa dh
{kerk gksrh gSA
96. lgh fodYi% (a) ●● v
Hkh rd] lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 275(1) ds rgr jkT;
O;k[;k% ljdkjksa dks Ldwyksa ds fuekZ.k rFkk vkorÊ ifjO;;ksa ds
fy, vuqnku çnku fd;s tkrs FksA
●● fodYi
(a) lgh gS|
●● E
MRS dks vkSj çksRlkgu nsus gsrq] ;g fu.kZ; fy;k
oucaèkq dY;k.k ;kstuk x;k gS fd o"kZ 2022 rd] 50% ls vfèkd vuqlwfpr
●● H kkjr ljdkj ds tutkrh; dk;Z ea=ky; us tutkrh; tutkrh; vkcknh okys vkSj de&ls&de 20]000
yksxksa ds dY;k.k gsrq oucaèkq dY;k.k ;kstuk (VKY) tutkrh; vkcknh okys çR;sd Cy‚d esa ,d EMRS
dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k gSA VKY dk mís'; ,d ,sls l{ke fo|ky; gksxkA ,dyO; fo|ky;] uoksn; fo|ky;
okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djuk gS tks tutkrh; yksxksa ds led{k gksaxs vkSj buesa [ksy o dkS'ky fodkl esa
çf'k{k.k çnku djus ds lkFk&lkFk LFkkuh; dyk ,oa
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 40
laL—fr dks lajf{kr djus ds fy, fo'ks"k lqfoèkk,a vaVkdZfVd lafèk ds fy, i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ij vkèkkfjr
çnku dh tk;saxhA lays[k dks çHkkoh cukus dk ç;kl djrk gSA ;g
●● i wjs ns'k esa] 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj] vfèkfu;e vaVkdZfVd i;kZoj.k dk laj{k.k djus
564 ,sls mi&ftys gSa ftuesa ls 102 mi&ftyksa esa rFkk lac) {ks= ds Hkhrj gksus okyh xfrfofèk;ksa dks
,d EMRS fo|ky; LFkkfir gSA bl çdkj] o"kZ fofu;fer djus dk Hkh ç;kl djrk gSA
2022 rd 462 u, fo|ky; çkjaHk fd;s tk,axsA vfèkfu;e dh çeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa esa lfEefyr gSa%
fo"k;% ljdkjh dY;k.k ;kstuk
●● v
uqç;ksT;rk% bl vfèkfu;e ds çkoèkku mu lHkh
mifo"k;% ,dyO; e‚My vkoklh; fo|ky; (EMRS) O;fä;ksa] tgktksa ;k foekuksa ij ykxw gksaxs tks fcy
ds varxZr tkjh fd, x, ijfeV ds rgr vaVkdZfVd
98. lgh fodYi% (d) }hi dh vksj tkus okys Hkkjrh; leqæh ;k=k dk
O;k[;k% fgLlk gSaA vaVkdZfVd }hi ds {ks=ksa esa lfEefyr gSa% (i)
vaVkdZfVd egk}hi] ftlesa bldh cQZ dh pêkusa rFkk
●● fodYi
(d) lgh gSA blls lVs gq, leLr egk}hih; pêkuh {ks= lfEefyr
gSa] vkSj (ii) leLr }hi&lewg (mudh cQÊyh pêkuksa
iks"k.k vfHk;ku
lfgr)] leqæ rFkk 60°S v{kka'k ds nf{k.k esa fLFkr
●● l
jdkj us ns'k esa dqiks"k.k dh leL;k dk lekèkku gokÃ&{ks=A
RE
djus gsrq 8 ekpZ 2018 dks iks"k.k vfHk;ku (lexz
●● d
saæh; lfefr% dsUæ ljdkj] vaVkdZfVd 'kklu rFkk
iks"k.k ds fy, çèkkuea=h dh O;kid ;kstuk) dk i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ij ,d lfefr LFkkfir djsxhA
'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA bl lfefr dh vè;{krk i`Foh foKku ea=ky; ds
●● i ks"k.k vfHk;ku dk mís'; 0&6 o"kZ dh vk;q okys lfpo djsaxsA j{kk ea=ky;] fons'k ea=ky;] jk"Vªh;
cPpksa] fd'kksfj;ksa] xHkZorh efgykvksa rFkk Lruiku èkzqoh; ,oa egklkxj vuqlaèkku dsaæ rFkk jk"Vªh; lqj{kk
djkus okyh ekrkvksa ds iks"k.k&Lrj esa le;c) rjhds ifj"kn lfpoky; tSls fofHkUu ea=ky; o laxBu 10
O
ls lqèkkj djuk gS] ftlds rgr dqN y{; fuèkkZfjr lnL;ksa dks ukekafdr djsaxs] ;s lHkh lnL; la;qä
fd;s x, gSa tks bl çdkj gSa% lfpo ds in ls mPp in ij vklhu gksus pkfg,A
blds vfrfjä] dsaæ ljdkj Hkh vaVkdZfVd i;kZoj.k
Ø- mís'; y{; rFkk Hkw&jktuhfrd {ks=ksa ls nks fo'ks"kKksa dks ukfer
SC
1- cPpksa esa fodkl vo#)rk (fBxusiu) @ 2% çfr o"kZ djsxhA
dks jksduk o deh ykuk (0& 6 o"kZ) ●● l
fefr ds dk;ks± esa lfEefyr gSa% (i) fofHkUu
2- cPpksa esa vYi&iks"k.k (de otu dh @ 2% çfr o"kZ xfrfofèk;ksa ds fy, ijfeV çnku djuk] (ii)
O;kidrk) dks jksduk rFkk deh ykuk vaVkdZfVd egk}hi i;kZoj.k ds laj{k.k gsrq tkjh
(0&6 o"kZ) çklafxd varjjk"Vªh; dkuwuksa dks ykxw djuk vkSj
3- NksVs cPpksa esa ,uhfe;k ds çlkj esa @ 3% çfr o"kZ mudh vuqikyuk dks lqfuf'pr djuk] (iii) lafèk]
GS
deh ykuk (6&59 eghus) lEesyu rFkk çksVksd‚y ls lac) lHkh i{kksa }kjk çnku
dh xÃ çklafxd lwpukvksa dks çkIr djuk rFkk mudh
4- 15 ls 49 o"kZ dh efgykvksa rFkk @ 3% çfr o"kZ
leh{kk djuk vkSj (iv) vaVkdZfVd egk}hi ds Hkhrj
fd'kksfj;ksa esa ,uhfe;k ds çlkj esa deh
gksus okyh xfrfofèk;ksa ds fy, vU; i{kksa ds lkFk
ykuk
ckrphr djds Qhl@'kqYd dk fuèkkZj.k djukA
5- de otu ds lkFk tUe ysus okys cPpksa @ 2% çfr o"kZ
dh la[;k esa deh ykuk (LBW) ●● i jfeV dh vko';drk% ,slh fofHkUu xfrfofèk;ka gSa
ftuds fy, lfefr }kjk tkjh ijfeV vFkok çksVksd‚y
fo"k;% ljdkjh dY;k.k ;kstuk dh fdlh vU; ikVÊ }kjk (Hkkjr ds vfrfjä) tkjh
mifo"k;% iks"k.k vfHk;ku ,d fyf[kr vuqKfIr dh vko';drk gksxh] bu
xfrfofèk;ksa esa lfEefyr gSa% (i) vaVkdZfVd esa ços'k
99. lgh fodYi% (c) djus ;k jgus ds fy, Hkkjr dh vksj ls dh xÃ
leqæh ;k=k] (ii) fdlh O;fä dk vaVkdZfVd {ks= ds
O;k[;k%
Hkhrj fdlh Hkkjrh; LVs'ku esa ços'k djuk ;k jguk]
●● nksuksa dFku lgh gSaA (iii) Hkkjr esa iath—r fdlh tgkt ;k foeku dk
vaVkdZfVd egk}hi esa ços'k djuk ;k jguk] (iv)
Hkkjrh; vaVkdZfVd vfèkfu;e] 2022 fdlh O;fä ;k tgkt dk [kfut lalkèkuksa ds fy,
●● ;
g vfèkfu;e vaVkdZfVd lafèk] vaVkdZfVd leqæh fMªy djuk] fu"d"kZ.k djuk ;k [kqnkÃ djuk vFkok
ltho lalkèkuksa ds laj{k.k ij gq, lEeysu rFkk [kfut lalkèkuksa ds uewus ,d= djuk] (v) ,slh
41 PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15
xfrfofèk;k¡ tks ns'kh çtkfr;ksa dks {kfr igq¡pk ldrh 100. lgh fodYi% (a)
gksa] vkSj (vi) vaVkdZfVd }hi ij fdlh O;fä] tgkt
;k foeku }kjk vif'k"V inkFkks± dk fuiVku djukA O;k[;k%
●● l
fefr }kjk ijfeV çnku fd;s tkus ls iwoZ] vkosnd ●● dFku 2 xyr gS% jk"Vªh; xzke Lojkt vfHk;ku
dks çLrkfor xfrfofèk;ksa dk i;kZoj.kh; çHkko (RGSA)] iapk;rksa dks laèkkj.kh; fodkl y{;ksa rFkk
ewY;kadu djkuk vfuok;Z gksxkA blds vfrfjä] dksÃ vU; fodkl mís';ksa dks çkIr djus gsrq çHkkoh <ax ls
ijfeV rc rd çnku ugÈ fd;k tk,xk tc rd dk;Z djus esa l{ke cukrk gS ftlds fy, egRoiw.kZ
fd lfefr }kjk leqæh ;k=k ds fy, vif'k"V çcaèku {kerk fuekZ.k ç;klksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
;kstuk rS;kj ugÈ dh tkrhA
jk"Vªh; xzke Lojkt vfHk;ku (RGSA)
●● ç frcafèkr xfrfofèk;ka% ;g fcy vaVkdZfVd egk}hi
ds Hkhrj dqN xfrfofèk;ksa dks çfrcafèkr djrk gS] ●● ekuuh; çèkkuea=h us jk"Vªh; xzke Lojkt vfHk;ku
ftuesa lfEefyr gSa% (i) ijek.kq foLQksV ;k jsfM;ksèkeÊ (RGSA) dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k] ^vkdka{kh ftyksa dk
vif'k"V inkFkks± dk fuiVku] (ii) mitkÅ Hkwfe dk ifjorZu* dk;ZØe dk mís'; p;fur ftyksa dks
iqu%LFkkiu] vkSj (iii) leqæ esa dpjk] IykfLVd ;k 'kh?kzrkiwoZd ,oa çHkkoh :i ls ifjoÆrr djuk gSA
vU; inkFkks± dk fuLrkj.k tks leqæh i;kZoj.k ds fy, ●● b u ftyksa dk p;u fofHkUu ekinaMksa] tSlsfd fuèkZurk]
gkfudkjd gksaA
RE
lkoZtfud LokLF;] iks"k.k] f'k{kk] Çyx] LoPNrk]
●● v
ijkèk rFkk naM% ;g fcy vius çkoèkkuksa ds mYya?ku is;ty] vkthfodk mRiknu bR;kfn ds vkèkkj ij
ds fy, naM Hkh fuÆn"V djrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] fd;k x;k gS] tks laèkkj.kh; fodkl y{;ksa ds lkFk
vaVkdZfVd {ks= ds Hkhrj ijek.kq foLQksV djus ij leUo; j[krs gSa vkSj iapk;rksa ds nk;js esa vkrs gSaA
20 o"kZ dh dSn dh ltk gks ldrh gS tks vkthou ●● ;
g çLrko j[kk x;k gS fd RGSA dks jkT;h; ,oa
dkjkokl rd c<+kÃ tk ldrh gS vkSj de&ls&de
dsUæh; 'ks;jksa ds lkFk pkj o"kZ vFkkZr~ o"kZ 2018&19
O
50 djksM+ #i;s dk tqekZuk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
ls o"kZ 2021&22 rd ,d ewyHkwr dsaæ çk;ksftr
vaVkdZfVd {ks= esa fcuk ijfeV ds [kfut&lalkèkuksa
;kstuk (CSS) ds :i esa ykxw fd;k tk;sA
ds fy, fMªÇyx djuk vFkok xSj&ns'kh tkuojksa ;k
ikSèkksa dk lekos'k djus ij 7 o"kZ rd dh dSn dh ●● j kT; ds va'kksa ds fy, lka>snkjh vuqikr 60%40
SC
ltk rFkk 10 yk[k #i;s ls 50 yk[k #i;s rd ds ds vuqikr esa gksxk] iwoksZÙkj rFkk igkM+h jkT;ksa dks
tqekZus dh ltk gks ldrh gSA dsaæ ljdkj bl fcy NksM+dj] tgka dsaæ vkSj jkT; dk vuqikr 90%10
ds rgr ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd l= U;k;ky;ksa dks gksxkA lHkh dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa ds fy,] dsaæh; va'k
ukfer U;k;ky; ds :i esa vfèklwfpr dj ldrh gS 100% gksxkA RGSA iapk;rksa dks SDG's rFkk vU;
vkSj fcy ds rgr oÆ.kr naMuh; vijkèkksa dh lquokÃ fodkl mís';ksa dks çkIr djus gsrq çHkkoh <ax ls dk;Z
ds fy, vius {ks=h; vfèkdkj&{ks= dks fuÆn"V dj djus esa l{ke cukrk gS ftlds fy, egRoiw.kZ {kerk
GS
ldrh gSA fuekZ.k ç;klksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

fo"k;% ljdkjh igysa fo"k;% ljdkjh igysa
mifo"k;% Hkkjrh; vaVkdZfVd vfèkfu;e] 2022 mifo"k;% jk"Vªh; xzke Lojkt vfHk;ku (RGSA)
vvvvv
PTS2023/CRT-01/112022/15 42

Binder Test-15 (Polity Revision Test) ENGLISH

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Binder Test-15 (Polity Revision Test) ENGLISH

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DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

2. Which of the following statements with (b) 1 and 3 only

2. Wider Representation 2. CVC is a constitutional body.

(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 only

(d) dsoy 1] 3 vkSj 4 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3

Court can be constituted? and the Constitution are correct?

(c) Both 1 and 2 Which of the above statements are correct?

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Which of the above statements is/are correct?

assembly in 1948. (d) 2 and 3 only

2- blesa thou] Lora=rk] xfjek] lekurk vkSj

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) uk rks 1] uk gh 2 jkT;ksa dh lgefr ds fcuk fo'ks"k cgqer dh vko';drk

4- ,dh—r U;k;ikfydk 5- jkT; dh uhfr ds funs'kd fl)kar

(c) Both 1 and 2 Assertion (A): The constitution of the Finance

(a) 1 and 2 only

(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2

1. Administration of adjoining Union (c) 1 and 3 only

Select the correct answer using the code given 4. Naturalization

(b) 2 and 4 only (a) 1, 2 and 3 only

uhps fn, x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,A 4- ns'kh;dj.k

(d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 only

1- lwpuk dk vfèkdkj Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn

1. 103rd 10% reservation

Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA

58. Consider the following statements 2. The doctrine focuses on such an

(b) dsoy 2 tkrh gSA

(a) Abolition of India Council of the Secretary

monarch is limited by the Constitution.

65. Which of the following statements is/

(b) Coordination through inter-state (b) 1, 3 and 4 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(b) Prime Minister of India (b) 1 and 2 only

(c) High Court Judges (c) 2 and 3 only

(d) Comptroller and Auditor General (d) 3 only

(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa 2- lsokfuo`fÙk ds ckn fdlh Hkh dke ij yxus ij

mi;qZä dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls xyr gS@gSa\ (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3

(a) dsoy 1 (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3

(d) fu;a=d vkSj egkys[kk ijh{kd (d) dsoy 3

(a) 1 only (a) Seeking information from the Chief

by the prior recommendation of the

77. Consider the following statements (b) 1 and 2 only

(b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 vuq'kalk ls gh çL‍rqr fd;k tk ldrk gS

Which of the above statements is/are (c) 2 only

(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 3, and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

89. fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%

vius mR‍rjnkf;R‍oksa dks çHkkoh <ax ls iwjk djus

92. Consider the following statements (b) 2 and 3 only

2. The ADP essentially is aimed at localizing

2- vkdka{kh ftyk dk;ZØe ¼ADP½ dk vfuok;Z :i

(underweight prevalence) in children

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2

(b) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2

tc rd vkidks ;g ijh{k.k iqfLrdk [kksyus dks u dgk tk, rc rd u [kksysa

IAS Prelims - 2023

 The purpose of a review petition is limited  A curative petition must be

Explanation:  As per Article 108 of Constitution, a Joint

 Further, the President either  The question of the state government

 In S. R Bommai case (1994), the following Topic: Indian Judiciary

Subtopic: Function of Constituent  Article 23-Prohibition of traffic in human