Matematik TG4 (NM) - Bab 10

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BAB 10: Matematik Pengguna: Pengurusan Kewangan

Consumer Mathematics: Financial Management
PBD 10.1 Perancangan dan Pengurusan Kewangan Buku Teks: m.s. 272 – 273
A. Lengkapkan lima langkah dalam proses pengurusan kewangan.
Pautan Digital
Complete the five steps in the financial management process. SP10.1.1 TP1
Menetapkan matlamat kewangan

Setting goals
Menilai kedudukan kewangan

Evaluating financial status
Mewujudkan pelan kewangan

Proses Pengurusan Kewangan
Financial Management Process Creating financial plan
Melaksanakan pelan kewangan

Carrying out financial plan
Mengkaji semula dan menyemak kemajuan

Reviewing and revising the progress
B. Kenal pasti matlamat kewangan jangka pendek dan matlamat kewangan jangka panjang daripada
senarai di bawah.
Identify short-term financial goals and long-term financial goals from the list below. SP10.1.1 TP1
Simpanan untuk pendidikan anak-anak Membeli rumah banglo Membeli telefon pintar
Savings for children’s education Buy a bungalow Buy a smartphone
Membuka restoran Membeli komputer riba Bercuti di Pulau Langkawi

Open a restaurant Buy a laptop Vacation in Pulau Langkawi
Matlamat kewangan jangka pendek Matlamat kewangan jangka panjang

Short-term financial goals Long-term financial goals
Membeli telefon pintar Simpanan untuk pendidikan anak-anak

Buy a smartphone Savings for children’s education
Membeli komputer riba Membeli rumah banglo

Buy a laptop Buy a bungalow
Bercuti di Pulau Langkawi Membuka restoran

Vacation in Pulau Langkawi Open a restaurant
143
10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 143 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Tulis matlamat kewangan bagi setiap individu berikut mengikut pendekatan SMART.
Write the financial goals for each individual according to the SMART approach. SP10.1.1 TP2
1. Puan Zuraida ingin membeli sebuah komputer untuk pembelajaran anaknya dalam tempoh 8 bulan.
Dia memilih untuk membeli sebuah komputer yang berharga RM4 800. Puan Zuraida perlu menyimpan
RM600 sebulan daripada pendapatan bulanannya RM4 500 untuk mencapai matlamat kewangannya.
Puan Zuraida wants to buy a computer for her child’s education within 8 months. She chooses to buy a computer that costs
RM4 800. Puan Zuraida needs to save RM600 a month from her monthly income of RM4 500 to achieve her financial goals.
Khusus Membeli sebuah computer.

Specific Buy a computer.
Boleh diukur Bernilai RM4 800 dan memerlukan simpanan bulanan RM600 untuk mencapai matlamat.
Measurable It costs RM4 800 and requires a monthly savings of RM600 to achieve the goal.
Boleh dicapai Boleh mencapai simpanan bulanan sebanyak RM600 daripada pendapatan bulanan RM4 500.
Attainable Can achieve a monthly savings of RM600 from a monthly income of RM4 500.
Bersifat RM600 daripada pendapatan bulanan sebanyak RM4 500 merupakan 13.3% daripada
realistik pendapatannya.
Realistic RM600 of the monthly income of RM4 500 represents 13.3% of her income.
8 bulan adalah cukup untuk megumpulkan RM4 800 dengan simpanan bulanan sebanyak
Tempoh masa RM600.
Time-bound
8 months is enough to accumulate RM4 800 with a monthly savings of RM600.
2. Encik Sham ingin membeli sebuah telefon bimbit baharu yang bernilai RM2 133. Dia mensasarkan untuk
membeli telefon bimbit itu dalam masa 9 bulan. Encik Sham perlu menyimpan RM237 daripada pendapatan
bulanannya RM2 400 untuk mencapai matlamat kewangannya.
Encik Sham wants to buy a new mobile phone worth RM2 133. He aims to buy the mobile phone within 9 months.
Encik Sham needs to save RM237 from his monthly income of RM2 400 to achieve his financial goals.
Khusus Membeli telefon bimbit.

Specific Buying a mobile phone.
Boleh diukur Bernilai RM2 133 dan memerlukan simpanan bulanan RM237 untuk mencapai matlamat.
Measurable Worth RM2 133 and requires a monthly savings of RM237 to achieve the goal.
Boleh dicapai Boleh mencapai simpanan bulanan sebanyak RM237 daripada pendapatan bulanan RM2 400.
Attainable Can achieve a monthly savings of RM237 from a monthly income of RM2 400.
Bersifat RM237 daripada pendapatan bulanan sebanyak RM2 400 merupakan 9.8% daripada
realistik pendapatannya.
Realistic RM237 of monthly income of RM2 400 represents 9.8% of his income.
9 bulan adalah cukup untuk mengumpulkan RM2 133 dengan simpanan bulanan sebanyak
Tempoh masa RM237.
Time-bound
9 months is enough to raise RM2 133 with a monthly savings of RM237.
144 1

A. Kenal pasti pendapatan aktif dan pendapatan pasif bagi setiap pendapatan berikut.
Identify the active and passive income for each of the following income. SP10.1.1 TP1
Pendapatan aktif Pendapatan pasif

• Dividen • Elaun Active income Passive income
Dividend Allowance
• Gaji • Komisen Gaji Dividen
Salary Commission Salary Dividend
• Sewa diterima • Faedah simpanan bank
Rent received Bank savings interest Elaun Sewa diterima
Allowance Rental received
Komisen Faedah simpanan bank

Comission Bank savings interest
B. Kenal pasti perbelanjaan tetap dan perbelanjaan tidak tetap bagi setiap perbelanjaan berikut.
Identify the fixed and variable expenses for each of the following expenses. SP10.1.1 TP1
Perbelanjaan tetap Perbelanjaan tidak tetap

• Sewa rumah • Bayaran insurans Fixed expenses Variable expenses
House rental Insurance payment
• Ansuran rumah • Pembayaran bil internet Sewa rumah Pembayaran bil internet
House instalment Internet bill payment House rental Internet bill payment
• Barangan dapur • Belanja petrol
Groceries Petrol expenses Ansuran rumah Belanja petrol
House instalment Petrol expenses
Bayaran insurans Barangan dapur

Insurance payment Groceries
C. Hitung aliran tunai bulanan bagi setiap individu berikut.

Calculate monthly cash flow for each of the following individual. SP10.1.1 TP3
1. Encik Abu 2. Cik Ainun

Pendapatan aktif Pendapatan aktif
Active income
RM1 800 Active income
RM2 000
Pendapatan pasif RM120 Pendapatan pasif RM200
Passive income Passive income
Perbelanjaan tetap RM700 Perbelanjaan tetap RM1 800
Fixed expenses Fixed expenses
Perbelanjaan tidak tetap RM250 Perbelanjaan tidak tetap RM500
Variable expenses Variable expenses
Aliran tunai/Cash flow Aliran tunai/Cash flow

= Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan = Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan
Total income – Total expenses Total income – Total expenses
= (RM1 800 + RM120) – (RM700 + RM250) = (RM2 000 + RM200) – (RM1 800 + RM500)
= RM970 (Aliran tunai positif/Positve cash flow) = –RM100 (Aliran tunai negatif/Negative cash flow)
4 145

PBD 10.1 Perancangan dan Pengurusan Kewangan Buku Teks: m.s. 276
Jawab setiap soalan berikut.

Answer each of the following questions. SP10.1.1 TP4 TP5
1. Encik Lee menerima pendapatan aktif sebanyak RM2 300 dan pendapatan pasif sebanyak RM300 dalam
sebulan. Dia menanggung perbelanjaan tetap sebanyak RM2 100 sebulan dan perbelanjaan tidak tetap
sebanyak RM800 sebulan. Hitung aliran tunai bulanan Encik Lee dan jelaskan jawapan anda.
Mr Lee receives an active income of RM2 300 and a passive income of RM300 per month. He bears fixed expenses of
RM2 100 per month and variable expenses of RM800 per month. Calculate Mr Lee’s monthly cash flow and explain your
answer.
Aliran tunai = Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan

Cash flow = Total income – Total expenses
= (RM2 300 + RM300) – (RM2 100 + RM800)
= –RM300 (Aliran tunai negatif/Negative cash flow)
A negative cash flow will burden Mr Lee and may cause him to use credit card to solve his financial problems.
Aliran tunai negatif akan membebankan Encik Lee dan mungkin menyebabkan penggunaan kad kredit bagi mengatasi
masalah kewangan.
2. Cik Siti ialah seorang kerani akaun di sebuah syarikat swasta. Dia menerima gaji bulanan sebanyak
RM3 500 dan juga menerima RM1 200 hasil daripada kerja sambilannya. Cik Siti perlu membayar
sebanyak RM1 800 untuk perbelanjaan bulanannya dan perbelanjaan tidak tetap sebanyak RM600 sebagai
pemberian kepada ibu bapanya.
Cik Siti is an account clerk at a private company. She receives a monthly salary of RM3 500 and also receives RM1 200
from her part-time job. Cik Siti has to pay RM1 800 for her monthly expenses and the variable expense of RM600 as an
allowance for her parents.
(a) Hitung aliran tunai bulanan Cik Siti. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
Calculate Cik Siti’s monthly cash flow. Explain your answer.
(b) Jelaskan aliran tunai Cik Siti jika pendapatan pasifnya tidak wujud dan jumlah perbelanjaan menurun
KBAT sebanyak 10%.
Explain Cik Siti’s cash flow if her passive income does not exist and total expenses decrease by 10%.
(a) Aliran tunai = Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan

= (RM3 500 + RM1 200) – (RM1 800 + RM600)
= RM2 300 (Aliran tunai positif/Positive cash flow)
Aliran tunai positif sebanyak RM2 300 adalah baik kerana Cik Siti boleh menyimpan pendapatan lebihan di
bank dan memperoleh faedah atas simpanan.
A positive cash flow of RM2 300 is good because Cik Siti can keep the surplus of income in the bank and earn
interest on savings.
(b) Aliran tunai = Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan

= RM3 500 – (90% × RM2 400)
= RM3 500 – RM2 160
= RM1 340 (Aliran tunai positif/Positive cash flow)
Aliran tunai positif sebanyak RM1 340 adalah baik kerana Cik Siti boleh melabur atau persediaan menghadapi
situasi kecemasan jika berlaku kelak.
A positive cash flow of RM1 340 is good as Cik Siti can invest or prepare with emergency situation in future. 146 1


1. Jadual di bawah ialah pelan kewangan Encik Sharif, seorang eksekutif jualan di sebuah syarikat swasta.
Lengkapkan pelan kewangan itu dengan menghitung nilai P, Q, R, S dan T.
The following table is the financial plan of Encik Sharif as a sales executive in a private company. Complete the financial
plan by calculating the values of P, Q, R, S and T.
RM
Pendapatan bersih
Net income
Gaji bersih 8 500
Net salary
Pendapatan pasif (sewa diterima)
600
Passive income (rental received)
Jumlah pendapatan bulanan
P = 9 100
Total monthly income
Tolak simpanan tetap bulanan 850
Minus fixed monthly savings
Tolak simpanan untuk dana kecemasan
200
Minus savings for emergency fund
Baki pendapatan
Q = 8 050
Income balance
Tolak perbelanjaan tetap bulanan
Minus monthly fixed expenses
Ansuran pinjaman rumah 1 800
Housing loan instalment
Ansuran kereta
900
Car instalment
Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap bulanan
R = 2 700
Total monthly fixed expenses
Tolak perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan
Minus monthly variable expenses
Utiliti rumah
Home utilities
300
Belanja petrol
450
Petrol expenses
Premium insurans
150
Insurance premium
Bayaran tol
Toll payments
180
Barangan dapur
650
Groceries
Pemberian kepada ibu bapa
400
Allowance for parents
Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan
S = 2 130
Total monthly variable expenses
Pendapatan lebihan T = 3 220
6 147 Surplus of income

2. Cik Aida bekerja sebagai akauntan di sebuah syarikat. Gaji bersihnya sebulan ialah RM3 500. Dia menetapkan
10% daripada gaji bersih setiap bulan sebagai simpanan tetap bulanan dan RM120 sebagai simpanan untuk
dana kecemasan. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan perbelanjaan tetap dan tidak tetap bulanan bagi Cik Aida.
Cik Aida works as an accountant at a company. Her monthly net salary is RM3 500. She sets aside 10% of her monthly
salary as a fixed monthly savings and RM120 as a savings for emergency fund. The table shows Cik Aida’s monthly fixed
and variable expenses.
RM
Ansuran kereta/Car instalment 500
Bayaran tol/Toll payments 180
Belanja petrol/Petrol expenses 450
Barangan dapur/Groceries 300
Sewa rumah/House rental 600
Utiliti rumah/Home utilities 240
Barangan penjagaan diri/Personal care expenses 200
Pemberian kepada ibu bapa/Allowance for parents 350
Lengkapkan pelan kewangan Cik Aida./Complete the financial plan for Cik Aida.
Pendapatan dan perbelanjaan/Income and expenditure RM

Pendapatan bersih/Net income
Gaji bersih/Net salary 3 500
Jumlah pendapatan bulanan/Total monthly income 3 500

Tolak simpanan tetap bulanan/Minus fixed monthly savings 350
Tolak simpanan untuk dana kecemasan 120
Baki pendapatan/Income balance 3 030
Tolak perbelanjaan tetap bulanan/Minus monthly fixed expenses
Ansuran kereta/Car instalment 500
Sewa rumah/House rental 600
Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap bulanan/Total monthly fixed expenses 1 100

Tolak perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan
Minus monthly variable expenses
Barangan penjagaan diri/Personal care items 200
Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan/Total monthly variable expenses 1 720
Pendapatan lebihan/Surplus of income 210
148 1

3. Gaji bersih bulanan Encik Chong dan isterinya masing masing ialah RM8 400 dan RM3 500. 10% daripada
gaji bersih mereka diperuntukkan sebagai simpanan tetap bulanan dan RM500 sebagai simpanan untuk
dana kecemasan. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan perbelanjaan tetap dan tidak tetap bulanan bagi keluarga
Encik Chong.
The monthly net salaries of Mr Chong and his wife are RM8 400 and RM3 500 respectively. 10% of their net salary is allocated as
a fixed monthly savings and RM500 as a savings for emergency fund. The table shows the monthly fixed and variable expenses
for Mr Chong’s family.
RM
Ansuran pinjaman rumah/Housing loan instalment 2 500
Ansuran kereta suami/Husband’s car instalment 1 800
Keperluan anak-anak/Children’s needs 400
Barangan dapur/Groceries 1 000
Taska/Nursery 500
Lengkapkan pelan kewangan keluarga Encik Chong.
Complete the financial plan for Mr Chong’s family.

Suami/Husband 8 400
Isteri/Wife 3 500
Tolak simpanan tetap bulanan/Minus fixed monthly savings 1 190
Tolak simpanan untuk dana kecemasan/Minus savings for emergency fund 500
Tolak perbelanjaan tetap bulanan/Minus fixed monthly expenses
Ansuran kereta suami/Husband’s car instalment 1 800

Tolak jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan
Minus total monthly variable expenses
Keperluan anak-anak/Children’s needs 400
Taska/Nursery 500
8 149 Pendapatan lebihan/Surplus of income 2 590


1. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pelan kewangan keluarga Encik Zaim.

The table shows Encik Zaim’s family financial plan.

Suami/Husband 4 500
Isteri/Wife 3 000
Pendapatan pasif/Passive income 300
Tolak simpanan tetap bulanan (10% daripada pendapatan bulanan)
780
Minus fixed monthly savings (10% of monthly income)
Ansuran kereta isteri/Wife’s car instalment 700
Premium insurans/Insurance premium 250
Tolak perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan/Minus monthly variable expenses
Pendidikan anak-anak/Children’s education 350
Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan/Total monthly variables expenses 3 100
Pendapatan lebihan/Surplus of income 970
Semasa melaksanakan pelan kewangan tersebut, Encik Zaim dapat mengurangkan perbelanjaan berikut.
While carrying out the financial plan, Encik Zaim was able to reduce the following expenses.
Jenis perbelanjaan/Type of expense Belanja petrol/Petrol expenses Barangan dapur/Groceries

Jumlah pengurangan/Total reduction RM80 RM300
(a) Hitung pendapatan lebihan yang baharu.

Calculate new surplus income.
Pendapatan lebihan baharu = Pendapatan lebihan asal + Jumlah pengurangan belanja

New surplus of income Original surplus of income + Total reduction of expenses
= RM970 + RM380
= RM1 350
150 1

(b) Matlamat kewangan Encik Zaim adalah ingin membeli sebuah motosikal yang berharga RM6 000 dalam
KBAT masa 8 bulan secara tunai. Adakah matlamat kewangan Encik Zaim boleh dicapai? Beri alasan anda.
Encik Zaim’s financial goal is to buy a motorcycle worth RM6 000 in 8 months in cash. Is Encik Zaim’s financial goal
achievable? Give your reasons.
Jumlah simpanan dalam tempoh 8 bulan/Total savings in 8 months = RM780 × 8 bulan/months = RM6 240
Encik Zaim boleh mencapai matlamat kewangannya untuk membeli sebuah motosikal baharu yang berharga
RM6 000 kerana jumlah simpanannya dalam tempoh 8 bulan berjumlah RM6 240.
Encik Zaim could achieve his financial goal of buying a new motorcycle worth RM6 000 because his savings over
8 months is RM6 240.
2. Cik Susan bekerja sebagai eksekutif kewangan di sebuah bank dengan gaji bersih bulanan sebanyak RM4 800.
Dia merancang bercuti di Filipina dalam masa 6 bulan dan perlu mengumpul RM3 500 untuk membiayai
kos percutian itu. Dia menyimpan 10% daripada gaji bulanan dan RM200 untuk dana kecemasan. Jadual
di bawah menunjukkan maklumat berkaitan dengan perbelanjaan bulanan Cik Susan.
Miss Susan works as a financial executive at a bank with a monthly salary of RM4 800. She plans to go on vacation in Philippines
in 6 months and have to save RM3 500 to cover the cost of the vacation. She saves 10% of her monthly salary and
RM200 for emergency fund. The table shows the information related to Miss Susan’s monthly expenses.
RM
Hiburan/Entertaiment 100
Tambang pengangkutan awam/Public transport fares 200
(a) Lengkapkan pelan kewangan Cik Susan.
Complete Miss Susan’s financial plan.
RM
Hiburan/Entertainment 100
Tambang pengangkutan awam/Public transport fares 200
0 151 Pendapatan lebihan/Surplus of income 1 200

(b) Bolehkah Cik Susan mencapai matlamat kewangan itu? Beri alasan anda.
KBAT Can Miss Susan achieve the financial goals? Give your reason.
Jumlah simpanan dalam masa 6 bulan/Total savings for 6 months

= RM480 × 6 bulan/months
= RM2 880
Cik Susan tidak boleh mencapai matlamat kewangannya untuk bercuti di Filipina yang memerlukan belanja
sebanyak RM3 500 kerana jumlah simpanannya dalam tempoh 6 bulan hanya RM2 880.
Miss Susan cannot achieve her financial goals to go on vacation in Philippines that cost her RM3 500 because her
savings over 6 months is only RM2 880.
3. Encik Fauzan bekerja sebagai jurutera yang berpendapatan bulanan RM8 000. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan
pelan kewangan Encik Fauzan.
Encik Fauzan works as an engineer with a monthly income of RM8 000. The table shows Encik Fauzan’s financial plan.
RM
Tolak simpanan tetap bulanan (10% daripada pendapatan bulanan) 0
Minus monthly fixed savings (10% of monthly income)
Ansuran pinjaman rumah kedai/Shop lot loan instalment 2 500
Ansuran kereta/Car instalment 1 800
Premium insurans/Insurance premiums 800
Makanan dan minuman/Food and drinks 900
Bil telefon/Telephone bill 300
Bil utiliti/Utility bill 250
Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap/Total monthly variable expenses 2 600
Pendapatan lebihan/Kurangan/Surplus of income/Deficit 0 152 1

(a) Encik Fauzan ingin membeli sebuah kerusi urut berjenama yang bernilai RM2 400 dalam masa 3 bulan.
Bolehkah Encik Fauzan mencapai matlamat kewangannya?
Encik Fauzan wants to buy a RM2 400 branded massage chair in 3 months. Will Encik Fauzan be able to achieve his
financial goals?
Encik Fauzan tidak boleh mencapai matlamat kewangannya kerana pelan kewangan Encik Fauzan tidak
menetapkan simpanan tetap bulanan sebanyak 10% daripada pendapatan bulanannya.
Encik Fauzan will not be able to achieve his financial goals because Encik Fauzan’s financial plan does not set aside
a fixed monthly savings that is 10% of his monthly income.
(b) Berapakah yang perlu disimpan oleh Encik Fauzan bagi mencapai matlamatnya?
How much does Encik Fauzan have to save to achieve his goals?
Simpanan bulanan/Monthly savings

RM2 400
=
3
= RM800
(c) Sediakan pelan kewangan baharu supaya Encik Fauzan dapat mencapai matlamatnya.
Prepare a new financial plan so that Encik Fauzan able to achieve his goals.
Pelan Kewangan/Financial Plan RM

Tolak simpanan tetap bulanan (10% daripada pendapatan bulanan) 800
Minus monthly fixed savings (10% of monthly income)
Tolak simpanan untuk dana kecemasan 300
Ansuran pinjaman rumah kedai/Shop lot loan instalment 2 500
Ansuran kereta/Car instalment 1 800
Premium insurans/Insurance premium 800
Makanan dan minuman/Food and drinks 600
Bil telefon/Telephone bill 200
Bil utiliti/Utility bills 250
2 153 Pendapatan lebihan/Surplus of income 0


Answer each of the following questions. SP10.1.2 TP3 TP4 TP5
1. Encik Linggam bekerja sebagai eksekutif bank dengan pendapatan bulanan sebanyak RM12 000. Dia ingin
membeli sebuah pangsapuri yang berharga RM768 000 selepas lapan tahun bekerja. Dia bercadang akan
membayar wang pendahuluan sebanyak RM76 800. Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap dan tidak tetap bulanan
Encik Linggam ialah RM8 800.
Mr Linggam works as a bank executive with a monthly income of RM12 000. He wants to buy an apartment worth
RM768 000 after eight years of work. He plans to pay a down payment of RM76 800. The total monthly fixed and variable
expenses of Mr Linggam’s is RM8 800.
(a) Hitung simpanan bulanan yang perlu disimpan oleh Encik Linggam bagi mencapai matlamatnya.
Calculate the monthly savings that Mr Linggam needs to save in order to achieve his goal.
(b) Adakah Encik Linggam bijaksana dari segi pembelian pangsapuri yang berharga RM768 000? Beri
KBAT justifikasi anda.
Is it wise for Mr Linggam to buy an apartment worth RM768 000? Justify your answer.
(a) Simpanan tahunan yang diperlukan (b) Tidak. Walaupun Encik Linggam boleh membayar wang
Annual savings needed pendahuluan RM76 800, ansuran bulanan pangsapuri
RM76 800 yang perlu dibayar itu membebankannya kerana jumlah
=
8 tahun/year perbelanjaan adalah tinggi.
= RM9 600 No. Although Mr Linggam is able to pay the down payment
of RM76 800, his monthly housing loan instalment can
Simpanan bulanan yang diperlukan burden him due to high expenses.
Monthly savings needed
RM9 600
=
12 bulan/months
= RM800
2. Encik Jamal dan isterinya ingin membeli sebuah kedai yang berharga RM1 200 000 dalam masa sepuluh
tahun selepas mereka berkahwin dengan wang pendahuluan sebanyak RM120 000. Jumlah pendapatan
mereka berdua ialah RM20 000 dan jumlah perbelanjaan tetap dan tidak tetap ialah RM3 000.
Encik Jamal and his wife want to buy a shop lot for RM1 200 000 within ten years of their marriage with a down payment
of RM120 000. Their total income is RM20 000 and their total fixed and variable expenses is RM3 000.
(a) Berapakah simpanan bulanan yang perlu disimpan oleh Encik Jamal dan isterinya bagi mencapai
matlamat itu?
How much monthly savings Encik Jamal and his wife must save in order to achieve their goal?
(b) Adakah Encik Jamal bijaksana dari segi pembelian kedai yang berharga RM1 200 000? Beri justifikasi
KBAT anda.
Is it wise for Encik Jamal to buy a shop lot worth RM1 200 000? Justify your answer.
(a) Simpanan tahunan yang diperlukan (b) Ya. Encik Jamal boleh membayar wang pendahuluan
Annual savings needed RM120 000 kerana jumlah simpanannya untuk tempoh
RM120 000 10 tahun ialah RM240 000 (10% × RM20 000 × 120
=
10 tahun/years bulan). Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap dan tidak tetap bulanan
= RM12 000 juga tidak begitu tinggi. Kedai yang dibeli itu juga boleh
disewakan kepada peniaga untuk menjana pendapatan
Simpanan bulanan yang diperlukan pasif kepada Encik Jamal.
Monthly savings needed Yes. Encik Jamal is able to pay the down payment of RM120 000
=
RM12 000 because the total savings in 10 years is RM240 000 (10% ×
12 bulan/months RM20 000 × 120 months). The total fixed and variable
= RM1 000 expenses is also not very high. The shop lot purchased may
also be leased to the trader to generate passive income for
Encik Jamal. 154 1

PRAKTIS KE ARAH SPM KERTAS 1
1. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pendapatan 4. Pendapatan aktif Puan Fatin ialah RM2 100.
Encik Kelvin. Perbelanjaan tetap dan perbelanjaan tidak tetapnya
The table shows Mr Kelvin’s income. masing-masing ialah RM3 600 dan RM1 400.
Gaji/Salary RM2 800 Berapakah pendapatan pasif Puan Fatin supaya
aliran tunai dalam bulan itu adalah positif?
Elaun/Allowance RM300 An active income of Puan Fatin is RM2 100. Her fixed
Sewa diterima/Rental received RM550 expenses and variable expenses are RM3 600 and
RM1 400 respectively. What is the passive income of Puan
Dividen/Dividend RM250 Fatin so the cash flow of the month is positive?
A RM2 200 B RM2 500
Hitung pendapatan aktif Encik Kelvin.
Calculate active income of Mr Kelvin. C RM2 900 D RM3 200
A RM2 800 B RM2 300
C RM3 100 D RM3 650 5. Pendapatan aktif dan pendapatan pasif Cik Mimi
masing-masing ialah RM3 250 dan RM1 860
2. Pendapatan aktif dan pendapatan pasif Encik Tan manakala perbelanjaan tetap dan perbelanjaan
pada bulan Januari masing-masing ialah RM4 350 tidak tetap masing-masing ialah RM2 820 dan
dan RM2 100. Perbelanjaan tetap dan perbelanjaan RM950. Pada bulan kedua, pendapatan aktif
tidak tetapnya dalam bulan yang sama masing- Cik Mimi kekal sama tetapi pendapatan pasif
masing ialah RM2 600 dan RM980. Berapakah berkurang sebanyak 20%. Pada masa yang sama,
aliran tunai bulanan Encik Tan? perbelanjaan tetap dan perbelanjaan tidak tetapnya
An active income and a passive income of Mr Tan in January masing-masing meningkat sebanyak RM320 dan
are RM4 350 and RM2 100 respectively. His fixed expenses
and variable expenses in the same month are RM2 600 RM400. Hitung aliran tunai bulanan Cik Mimi
and RM980 respectively. What is the monthly cash flow of pada bulan itu.
Mr Tan? An active income and a passive income of Cik Mimi are
RM3 250 and RM1 860 respectively while her fixed expenses
A RM1 050
and variable expenses are RM2 820 and RM950 respectively.
B RM1 480 For the second month, Cik Mimi’s active income is remained
C RM1 750 the same and her passive income decrease by 20%. At
D RM2 870 the same time, her fixed expenses and variable expenses
increase RM320 and RM400 respectively. Calculate
3. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pendapatan dan Cik Mimi’s monthly cash flow of the month.
perbelanjaan bagi 4 orang individu. A RM178 B RM248
The table shows the income and expenses for 4 individuals. C RM278 D RM348
Pendapatan Perbelanjaan
Income Expenses 6. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan perbelanjaan
Individu keluarga Encik Alif.
Individual Aktif Pasif Tetap Tidak Tetap
Active Passive Fixed Variable The table shows the expenses of Encik Alif’s family.
(RM) (RM) (RM) (RM)
Sewa rumah/House rental RM750
Albert 3 000 600 1 800 350
Bayaran tol/Toll payment RM90
Salman 3 200 800 2 000 400
Barang runcit/Groceries RM500
Maniam 4 000 1 000 3 500 900
Ansuran kereta/Car instalment RM600
Raj Singh 4 800 700 3 900 600
Bil utiliti/Utility bills RM400
Siapakah yang mempunyai aliran tunai yang lebih
banyak? Hitung perbelanjaan tidak tetap Encik Alif.
Who has more cash flow? Calculate the variable expenses of Encik Alif.
A Albert A RM490
B Salman B RM990
C Maniam C RM1 250
4 155 D Raj Singh D RM1 350

PRAKTIS KE ARAH SPM KERTAS 2
SPM Bahagian A
1. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pendapatan dan perbelanjaan Puan Shima.
The table shows an income and expenses of Puan Shima.
Gaji/Salary RM5 000

Komisen/Commission RM400
Ansuran rumah/House instalment RM700
Makanan/Food RM800
Petrol RM300
Puan Shima menyimpan 10% daripada jumlah pendapatan dan RM200 untuk dana kecemasan. Hitung
pendapatan lebihan Puan Shima.
Puan Shima kept 10% of total income and RM200 for emergency fund. Calculate the surplus of income of Puan Shima.
[4 markah/4 marks]
Jawapan/Answer:
Baki pendapatan/Income balance
= RM5 400 – RM540 – RM200
= RM4 660
Lebihan/Surplus
= RM4 660 – RM700 – RM800 – RM300
= RM2 860
2. Maklumat di bawah berkaitan dengan pelan kewangan Puan Emelda.

The information below is related to Puan Emelda’s financial planning.

Gaji/Salary RM4 500
Bajet perbelanjaan/Expense budget
Ansuran rumah/Housing instalment RM900
Bayaran tol/Tol payments RM150
Barangan dapur/Groceries RM1 000
Pemberian kepada ibu bapa/Allowances for parents RM500
Simpanan/Savings RM600
Hitung aliran tunai Puan Emelda. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
Calculate of Puan Emelda’s cash flow. Explain your answer.
[3 markah/3 marks]
Jawapan/Answer:
Aliran tunai = Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan
Cash flow Total income – Total expenses
= RM4 500 – (RM900 + RM600 + RM400 + RM150 + RM1 000 + RM500 + RM600)
= RM4 500 – RM3 650
= RM850
Aliran tunai positif sebanyak RM850 adalah baik kerana Puan Emelda boleh menyimpan wang itu dan menghadapi
situasi kecemasan.
A positif cash flow of RM850 is good because Puan Emelda can save the money and deal with emergency situations. 156 1

SPM Bahagian B
3. Encik Boon bekerja sebagai seorang pengurus hotel di sebuah hotel bertaraf 3 bintang dengan gaji bersih
bulanan RM4 500. Dia juga menjadi ejen jurujual minyak wangi dan menerima komisen jualan sebanyak
RM400. Anggaran perbelanjaan bulanannya adalah seperti berikut.
Mr Boon works as a hotel manager at a 3-star hotel with a monthly net salary of RM4 500. He also works as a perfume sales
agent and receive a sales commission of RM400. His estimated monthly expenses as the following.
Perbelanjaan bulanan/Monthly expenses RM

Makan di restoran mewah/Eat at a luxury restaurant 150
Melancong/Travel 900
Bil utiliti/Utility bills 170
Perbelanjaan tol dan petrol/Toll and petrol expenses 250
Bil internet/Internet bill 120
Ansuran pinjaman rumah/Housing loan instalment 800
Makanan dan minuman/Food and drinks 1 200
Insurans/Insurance 400
(a) Encik Boon menetapkan 10% daripada gajinya sebagai simpanan tetap bulanan untuk mencapai matlamat
kewangannya. Lengkapkan pelan kewangan peribadi bulanan Encik Boon di ruang jawapan.
Mr Boon set aside 10% of his salary as a fixed monthly savings in order to achieve his financial goals. Complete a monthly
personal financial plan of Mr Boon in the answer space.
(b) Berikan komen tentang lebihan atau kurangan yang dialami oleh Encik Boon berdasarkan pelan kewangan ini.
Give comment on the surplus or deficits that will be experienced by Mr Boon based on this financial plan.
[9 markah/9 marks]
Jawapan/Answer:
(a) Pelan Kewangan/Financial Plan RM
Gaji/Salary 4 500
Pendapatan lebihan/kurangan/Surplus of income/Deficit 420
(b) Aliran tunai positif sebanyak RM420 adalah baik kerana Encik Boon boleh menyimpan wang tersebut di
bank dan menikmati faedah atas simpanan. Faedah ini merupakan pendapatan pasif bagi Encik Boon.
A positive cash flow of RM420 is good because Mr Boon can save the money into the bank and enjoy the interest
on savings. This interest is a passive income for Mr Boon.
6 157

4. Maklumat di bawah berkaitan dengan pelan kewangan Encik Ramli.

The information below is related to Encik Ramli’s financial planning.

Gaji/Salary RM3 200
Elaun/Allowance RM400
Sewa diterima/Rental received RM600
Bajet perbelanjaan/Expenses budget
Ansuran rumah/Housing instalment RM700
Premium insurans/Insurance premiums RM200
Makanan/Food RM400
Petrol RM200
Bayaran tol/Toll payments RM180
Encik Ramli menyimpan 10% daripada jumlah pendapatan bulanannya.
Encik Ramli saves 10% of his total monthly income.
(a) Hitung/Calculate
(i) pendapatan aktif. (ii) pendapatan pasive.
the active income. the passive income.
(iii) perbelanjaan tetap. (iv) perbelanjaan tidak tetap.
the fixed expenses. the variable expenses.
(b) Berapakah aliran tunai bulanan Encik Ramli? Jelaskan jawapan anda.
What is the monthly cash flow of Encik Ramli? Explain your answer.
(c) Encik Ramli ingin menyimpan RM90 000 dalam masa empat tahun dari sekarang. Hitung simpanan
bulanan tambahan yang diperlukan.
Encik Ramli wants to save RM90 000 in 4 years since now. Calculate the additional monthly savings needed.
[10 markah/10 marks]
Jawapan/Answer:
(a) (i) Pendapatan aktif/Active income = RM3 200 + RM400
= RM3 600
(ii) Pendapatan pasif/Passive income = RM600
(iii) Perbelanjaan tetap/Fixed expenses = RM700 + RM450 + RM200
= RM1 350
(iv) Perbelanjaan tidak tetap/Variable expenses = RM400 + RM200 + RM180 + RM300
= RM1 080
(b) Simpanan bulanan 10%/Monthly savings 10%

= 10% × (RM3 200 + RM400 + RM600)
= RM420
Aliran tunai bulanan/Monthly cash flow
= RM4 200 – RM420 – RM1 350 – RM 1 080
= RM1 350
(Aliran tunai positif/Positive cash flow)
RM90 000
(c) Simpanan bulanan/Monthly savings needed = = RM1 875
48 bulan/months
Simpanan bulanan tambahan diperlukan/Additional monthly savings needed
= RM1 875 – (RM420 + RM1 350)
= RM105
158

Matematik TG4 (NM) - Bab 10

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Matematik TG4 (NM) - Bab 10

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Nama: ........................................................................................... Kelas: ..................................... Tarikh: .....................................

BAB 10: Matematik Pengguna: Pengurusan Kewangan

A. Lengkapkan lima langkah dalam proses pengurusan kewangan.

Menetapkan matlamat kewangan

Menilai kedudukan kewangan

Mewujudkan pelan kewangan

Melaksanakan pelan kewangan

Mengkaji semula dan menyemak kemajuan

Membuka restoran Membeli komputer riba Bercuti di Pulau Langkawi

Matlamat kewangan jangka pendek Matlamat kewangan jangka panjang

Membeli telefon pintar Simpanan untuk pendidikan anak-anak

Membeli komputer riba Membeli rumah banglo

Bercuti di Pulau Langkawi Membuka restoran

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 143 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Khusus Membeli sebuah computer.

Khusus Membeli telefon bimbit.

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 144 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Pendapatan aktif Pendapatan pasif

Komisen Faedah simpanan bank

Perbelanjaan tetap Perbelanjaan tidak tetap

Bayaran insurans Barangan dapur

C. Hitung aliran tunai bulanan bagi setiap individu berikut.

1. Encik Abu 2. Cik Ainun

Aliran tunai/Cash flow Aliran tunai/Cash flow

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 145 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Jawab setiap soalan berikut.

Aliran tunai = Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan

(a) Aliran tunai = Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan

(b) Aliran tunai = Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 146 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Jawab setiap soalan berikut.

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 147 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Pendapatan dan perbelanjaan/Income and expenditure RM

Jumlah pendapatan bulanan/Total monthly income 3 500

Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap bulanan/Total monthly fixed expenses 1 100

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 148 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Pendapatan dan perbelanjaan/Income and expenditure RM

Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap bulanan/Total monthly fixed expenses 4 300

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 149 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Jawab setiap soalan berikut.

1. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pelan kewangan keluarga Encik Zaim.

Pendapatan dan perbelanjaan/Income and expenditure RM

Jenis perbelanjaan/Type of expense Belanja petrol/Petrol expenses Barangan dapur/Groceries

(a) Hitung pendapatan lebihan yang baharu.

Pendapatan lebihan baharu = Pendapatan lebihan asal + Jumlah pengurangan belanja

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 150 11/25/20 9:16 AM

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 151 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Jumlah simpanan dalam masa 6 bulan/Total savings for 6 months

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 152 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Simpanan bulanan/Monthly savings

Pelan Kewangan/Financial Plan RM

2 153 Pendapatan lebihan/Surplus of income 0

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 153 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Jawab setiap soalan berikut.

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 154 11/25/20 9:16 AM

PRAKTIS KE ARAH SPM KERTAS 1

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 155 11/25/20 9:16 AM

PRAKTIS KE ARAH SPM KERTAS 2

Gaji/Salary RM5 000

2. Maklumat di bawah berkaitan dengan pelan kewangan Puan Emelda.

Pendapatan bersih/Net income

10 MAMD MATEMATIK TG4 (NM)-BAB 10-Azie F.indd 156 11/25/20 9:16 AM

Perbelanjaan bulanan/Monthly expenses RM