AGS20 Series

Universal Aggregation Platform

Dual Native TDM/IP Microwave Radio

 GENERAL INDEX
GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON AGS20 SERIES .............................................................................................................. 6
Applications ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
IDU-ODU compatibility ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Aggregation for All Outdoor Radio .......................................................................................................................... 8
Gateway handling Small Cell Radio Cluster ............................................................................................................. 8
Next Generation indoor Unit for split Mount Radio ............................................................................................... 8
Product Range ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Main Features.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
NMS common Platform ........................................................................................................................................... 9

IDU and ODU SYSTEM OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 10

ASN ODU Characteristics ....................................................................................................................................... 10
AGS20 Universal IDU - 1RU Compact .................................................................................................................... 12
Architecture ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
Adaptive Modulation and Throughput .................................................................................................................. 16
Traffic classification ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Link Quality measurement .................................................................................................................................... 17
TDM performances................................................................................................................................................ 17

ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................................... 18

Ethernet Frame mapping over Radio Link ............................................................................................................. 18
Ethernet Throughput ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Ethernet Interface characteristics ......................................................................................................................... 18
Ingress port rate limiting (Storm Control) ............................................................................................................. 19
Ingress VLAN manipulation ................................................................................................................................... 19
Service Instance Mapping...................................................................................................................................... 19
Classification Criteria ............................................................................................................................................. 20
Ingress Filter Policing (CIR/EIR according to MEF 10.2) ........................................................................................ 21
Queue and Congestion Avoidance methods ......................................................................................................... 21
Scheduling ............................................................................................................................................................. 22
Egress Shaping ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
Egress Manipulation .............................................................................................................................................. 23
Ethernet Resiliency ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Header compression.............................................................................................................................................. 23

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................ 25

TMN Connection.................................................................................................................................................... 25
Management Functionalities................................................................................................................................. 25
Management Software.......................................................................................................................................... 26

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................................. 27

Physical Dimensions of system components......................................................................................................... 27
Power supply ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Power Consumption (W) ....................................................................................................................................... 27
 Environmental conditions ..................................................................................................................................... 27

Frequently requested standards compliances .......................................................................................................... 28

ABBREVIATIONS

 ACM Adaptive Code Modulation

 ATPC Automatic Transmission Power Control
 BW Bandwidth
 CAPEX Capital Expenditure
 CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
 DCN Data Communication Network
 DSCP Different Service Code Point
 ETH` Ethernet
 FEC Forward Error Corrector
 IDU Indoor Unit
 IP Internet Protocol
 IPV4 – IPV6 Internet Protocol Version 4 and Version 6
 IS-IS Intermediate system to intermediate system
 LAN Local Area network
 LCT Local Craft Terminal
 MAC Media Access Control
 MDI Medium Dependent Interface
 MDIX Medium Dependent Interface Crossover
 MPS Multiplex Section Protection
 MSE Mean Square Error
 NE Network Element
 NMS Network Management System
 NML Network Manager
 NMS5UX/LX SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Network Management System
 ODU Outdoor Unit
 OSPF Open Shortest Path First
 PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
 QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
 QoS Quality of Service
 RU Rack Unit
 SCT Subnetwork Craft Terminal
 SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
 SNMP Simple Network Protocol Management
 SPDH Super PDH
 SW Software
 TDM Time Division Multiplexing
 TMN Telecommunication Management Network
 ToS Type of Service
 VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
 WAN Wide Area Network
 XPIC Cross Polar Interference Canceller
GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON AGS20 SERIES

Evolutions of the RAN are the main driver for changes in microwave
products, like LTE requiring increased throughput and densification of
the network, Small Cell and Cloud-RAN.

These changes lead to new technologies in the microwave industry to

improve capacity by using complex modulation formats, dual carrier
solutions, using new spectrum (60 and 80 GHz) and to improve
network density at street level with NLOS sub-6 GHz.

AGS20 is the unique universal aggregation platform to address all

these new application segments in a coherent solution; addressing
Figure 1 – AGS20 MW Radio
the need for carries –class multi technologies traffic aggregation.

Based on high performance Carrier Ethernet 2.0 engine (MPLS ready), the platform enables convergence of the
major microwave application segments:

 Aggregation for All Outdoor Radio including E-Band

 Gateway handling Small Cell Radio Cluster
 Next Generation indoor Unit for split Mount Radio

The AGS20 equipment is managed by an SNMP agent using communication ports that are able to connect to IP
DCNs. This approach greatly simplifies integration efforts in existing NMS networks.

Several IDU models are available hosting a variety of interfaces (a mix of GE and Radio IF interfaces), for
maximum flexibility when interconnecting heterogeneous technologies. Up to ten interfaces can be equipped in
single 1RU equipment allowing reaching up to ten different directions. Higher level of connectivity is provided by
supporting IDU stack ability for nodal configuration, addressing demand for higher number of radio directions, GE
and TDM interfaces.

Modularity options, commonalities, and extensive software management capabilities result in cost-effectiveness
and scalability, yielding a product that will easily fulfill any future requirement.

Full SW licensing approach allows very smooth migration from pure TDM to IP networks, with very low initial
CAPEX.
Applications
The AGS20 Series has been conceived and designed to cover a wide range of applications, such as:

 2G/3G/4G Cellular Network backhauling infrastructure

 Leased Lines replacement

 Utility Networks (Railways, Oil&Gas)
 Private Data Networks (WANs, LANs, etc)

 WiMAX Backhauling
 Fiber Optics extension, termination and backup

 Spur Links for Backbones/Rings

 High capacity Broadband Access Networks

IDU-ODU compatibility

ASN ODU ALFOplus ALFOplus80HD Easy Cell

Split Mount Full outdoor aggreation Full outdoor aggreation Small Cell BHL

Universal AGS20

Table 1 - IDU-ODU compatibility

Aggregation for All Outdoor Radio
Radio Access migration towards full packet technology is boosting demand for Full Outdoor microwave
equipment. AGS20 enables this move by providing:

 Connectivity towards ALFOplus and ALFOplus80 series

 2.5 Gbps optical interface

 Single Network Element concept towards NMS

 Power over Ethernet and integrated lighting protection to direct feed Full Outdoor equipment

Gateway handling Small Cell Radio Cluster

Small cell layer is expected to increase number of transport connections of x10 factor compared to Macrocell
backhaul layer. Such network evolution demands for data traffic aggregation capability and some management
intelligence in the network nodes to avoid flood of management traffic and prevent overwhelming complexity
towards central NMS.

AGS20 (EasyCell Gateway) acts as small-cell cluster aggregator and manager providing the following features:

 Connectivity towards EasyCell small form factor radios

 Power over Ethernet and integrated lighting protection
 Gateway functionality between small cell backhauling radios and NMS: configuration, monitoring and
management

Next Generation indoor Unit for split Mount Radio

AGS20 can be configured as an Indoor Unit for split mount radio: AGS20s brings superior packet capabilities,
certified to comply with LTE transport requirements. Still it supports TDM traffic, both native and pseudowire, to
allow easy network evolution from pure TDM to pure IP.
A complete range of interfaces (Radio, Gigabit/Fast Ethernet, E1, STM-1) and a high degree of versatility allow
very easy network planning and management.

AGS20 set a new industry benchmark in split mount microwave by featuring the following capabilities:

 Carrier Ethernet 2.0 data plane (MPLS ready)

 Modulation up to 2048 QAM

 Compatibility with existing ALS ODUs and support of legacy TDM traffic (native or through PWE)
 Radio link aggregation up to 2 Gbps in a 1RU indoor unit

 Enhanced QoS feature set (ex. four level hierarchical scheduling)

 Time and phase synchronization according to ITU-T G.8275.1 (Transport –Boundary Clock)
Product Range
AGS20s is a split microwave radio system for Ethernet transport made up by one IDU and up to 4 ODUs.

The AGS20s is available in all frequency bands from 6 GHz (6L and 6U) to 42 GHz, unduplicated or duplicated
configuration and with radio capacity from 4 to 500Mbit/s per radio module with mixed TDM and ETH interfaces.

The modulation scheme is software programmable from 4QAM to 2048QAM for Universal AGS20s IDU, with full
featured hitless ACM. AGS20 exploits an innovative dual native radio engine capable of transmitting both native
TDM (16xE1 / 2xSTM-1) and native ETH (up to 2Gbps).

Main Features
Scalable capacity, integrated XPIC functionality, high performance and reliability, ease of installation, common
NMS platform and cost effectiveness make the AGS20 Series the proper network solution for a wide set of
network applications.

Several 1G, both electrical and optical, and 2.5G interfaces are available on the same terminal radio equipment.

Adaptive Code and Modulation allows the automatic selection of the optimum modulation scheme according to
current radio link propagation conditions and on received signal’s quality can be software enabled; on the basis of
received signal quality calculations, the AGS20 Series can increase the system gain when needed, thus forwarding
the high priority traffic in bad propagation conditions too. In addition, the introduction of heavily coded
modulation schemes allows the system to perform in challenging environmental conditions.

With ACM and traffic classification, each traffic class is assigned with its minimum required QoS, allowing easy
overbooking of existing radio link, without any impact on antenna sizes and infrastructure hardware.

Universal AGS20 IDU with its state-of-art high speed ACM can compensate fading speed up to 100dB/s; this
allows easy network planning in very bad environment condition characterized of deep fading conditions and
with fast fading phenomena (e.g multiple path interference for lower frequency bands)

In addition, user configurable ACM profiles allow per-link optimization with the possibility to full customize
adaptive modulation behavior.

Delay compensation allows jitter free modulation switchover

NMS common Platform

The AGS20 Series is integrated into NMS5LX and NMS5UX Network Management System platforms developed by
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA, and capable of controlling and monitoring all equipment included in SIAE
MICROELETTRONICA product catalogue.

As an alternative a WEB management (with embedded WEB server) is available as an installation-less

management option.

All SIAE MICROELETTRONICA NMS solutions are based on standard protocols. SNMP Protocol is used for TMN
connections with standard communication protocol stacks and industry-standard interfaces allowing equipment
connection to any IP DCN.
IDU and ODU SYSTEM OVERVIEW

ASN ODU Characteristics

The ODU has been designed with the target of being at the same time compact, light and easy to install/maintain
and characterized by high performances.

The new ASNK ODU covers all the frequency from 6GHz to 42GHz.

In particular, the ODU in the frequency from 6GHz to 15GHz have the same form and factor of previous editions
of ASN ODU, while the ODUs in the frequency from 18GHz to 42GHz, commonly called Small Form Factor, have
smaller dimension.

ASNK ODU supports all modulation schemes up to 2048QAM and all capacities from 8 Mbit/s to 500 Mbit/s.
ASNK ODU doesn’t require any hardware change if configured for frequency reuse (independence from XPIC
functionality).

Figure 2 - ASN Universal ODU

These modulation independent ODUs allow the “install-and-forget” approach for simple station upgrading.

ATPC Feature
Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) is available as a standard feature in all configurations.

Power Control has two operational modes:

 Fixed output power attenuation mode (ATPC disabled); the output power can be reduced up to 30dB in
1dB steps.

 ATPC mode: the ATPC algorithm adjusts the output power attenuation in order to reach a predefined Rx
level at the remote terminal.

ATPC actives the innovative power mode function that reduce of 15% the power consumption
Mechanical Layout
The same mounting kit type fits all the ODUs for an easy management of buffer stock.

ASN ODU

Integrated antenna solutions

Figure 3 – ASN ODU with integral antenna in 1+0 and 1+1 configuration

Not integrated antenna solutions

Figure 4 - ASN ODU with not integrated antenna solution in 1+0 and 1+1 configurations
AGS20 Universal IDU - 1RU Compact
AGS20 is the SIAE new generation IDU platform common to all SIAE products. It is designed to support the
following applications:

 Stand alone L2 aggregation unit, and MPLS HW ready (future availability);

 Aggregation unit for all outdoor radio, including E-Band;

 Next generation “indoor unit” for split mount radio, compatible with ASN ODU installed base.

AGS20 is positioned as a cost effective L2 Networking device conceived for Mobile Backhaul. It is strongly
engineered as data centric platform with full native support of CLI language and scripting. The Hardware Platform
has been conceived to support latest Carrier Ethernet protocols MPLS/VPLS, MPLS-TP, PBB, PBB-TE (HW ready,
future availability).

AGS20s bridges cost effectively the transitioning from “Split-Mount” Radio to Full-Outdoor and offers a great
backwards compatibility with existing Outdoor Units (ASN). It supports any Full Outdoor Radio in traditional
bands (6 to 42 GHz) and millimeter-wave band (70/80 GHz). It will support an embedded L1 Radio Lag Bonding up
to 4 Instances.

When connected to Microwave Radio, AGS20 offers a single DCN IP elements for any Management related
operations (Alarms, Performance, Inventory, SW Upgrade, Service Provisioning, etc) greatly simplifying network
deployment. Being a fully featured device for Mobile Backhaul, AGS20 can also be used as a L2 networking
Element not necessarily connected to Microwave Radio.
Architecture
AGS20 is a compact equipment compound of 3 main units in addition to power supply unit:

1. Core Unit - common to all AGS20s versions, it’s based on new SIAE platform

2. Core Expansion Unit - at the time being Four different types are expected

3. TDM Expansion Unit - at the time being Two different types are expected

TDM Exp unit

HW configuration Optional
dependant
Core Expansion units
Optional

AGS-20
Core unit

PWR unit

Here below the panel frontal view with the sub-unit positions.

Core expansion Sub-unit Common Core Sub-unit

TDM expansion Sub-unit Common DC/DC Sub-unit

The Core Unit contains the equipment controller and is responsible for Ethernet management and
synchronization (Sync-E and native 1588v2 BC). This common part provides the following interfaces, as also
depicted in the next picture:

 2x GE (1Gbps electrical Ports @ RJ-45 connector)

 2x Optical (1Gbps or 2.5Gbps optical Ports @ SFP connector)
 2x COMBO (1Gbps electrical @ RJ-45 or 1Gbps optical @ SFP)
 1x LAN Local Access (@ RJ-45 connector)
 1x Console (@ RJ-45 connector)
 1x SYNK-E1 (@ RJ-45 connector)
 1x ToD (@ RJ-45 connector)
 1x PPS (@ 1.0/2.3 microSIEMENS connector)
 Housekeeping alarm Interface (@ RJ-45 connector)
 SD card memory
Two of the six Ethernet interfaces (LAN1-LAN6) can be dedicated for out-of-band management.

The Core Expansion sub-units are HW configuration dependent. They provide the radio interfaces and modem
sections, but also a full Ethernet connectivity in case the IDU has to be connected to a SIAE Full Outdoor
equipment (ALFOPlus80, ALFOPlus80 HD, ALFOplus, …).

The different sub-units foreseen are:

 Type 1: 1xIF (Compatible with current SIAE ODU) plus 2xOptical GE (1Gbps or 2.5Gbps optical @ SFP)
 Type 2: 2xIF (Compatible with current SIAE ODU) plus 2xOptical GE (1Gbps or 2.5Gbps optical @ SFP)
 Type 3: 4xIF (Compatible with current SIAE ODU)
 Type 4: 2xCOMBO interfaces (1Gbps electrical @ RJ-45 or 1Gbps optical @ SFP) plus 2x Optical GE (1Gbps
or 2.5Gbps optical @ SFP).

L1 aggregation is available on IF interfaces (up to 4xIF) or on the GE/COMBO Ethernet interfaces.

The TDM Expansion sub-units are also HW configuration dependent. They provide the bulk of the E1/STM-1 and
the TDM Cross connect matrix.

The different sub-units foreseen are:

 Type A: card with 16xE1 interfaces (@ 2 x SCSI connectors)
 Type B: card with 16xE1 interfaces (@ 2 x SCSI connectors), 2x STM-1 (@ 2 x SFP) plus 2x Nodal Bus
IDU options (1RU)

Thanks to the flexibility of the equipment architecture, the here below AGS20 HW versions are available,

1. Switch HW Configuration: Common core w/o any additional expansion unit

2. Single IF HW Configuration: Common core composed with additional 1xIF, 2xGE (L1 LAG). TDM variant
w/o E1 or with 16xE1 interfaces or with16xE1 + 2xSTM-1 + 2xNodal are available.

3. Dual IF HW Configuration : Common core composed with additional 2xIF (L1 LAG), 2xGE (L1 LAG). TDM
variant w/o E1 or with 16xE1 interfaces or with16xE1 + 2xSTM-1 + 2xNodal are available.

4. Quad IF HW Configuration: Common core composed with additional 4xIF (L1 LAG). TDM variant w/o E1
or with 16xE1 interfaces or with16xE1 + 2xSTM-1 + 2xNodal are available.

5. Quad ETH HW Configuration: Common core composed with 2xETH (combo), 2xETH (optical) (L1 LAG).
TDM variant w/o E1 or with 16xE1 interfaces or with16xE1 + 2xSTM-1 + 2xNodal are available.
Adaptive Modulation and Throughput

AGS20, as already introduced, is a new universal Hardware Platform conceived to support latest Carrier Ethernet
protocols MPLS/VPLS, MPLS-TP, PBB, PBB-TE (HW ready, future availability according to roadmap).

It provides complete backward compatibility with ASN ODU and supports any Full Outdoor Radio in traditional
bands (6 to 42 GHz) and millimeter-wave band (70/80 GHz).

To satisfy the continuous request of more capacity, the AGS20 has been designed with an IDU backplane capacity
of 25 Gbit/s and new complex modulation formats (up to 2048QAM) has been added.

Moreover, L1 aggregation capability (LAG) is supported. Up to 4 instances are managed, so making possible to
realize a 4+0 “Single Pipe” link with load sharing using a single indoor unit. The aggregation is also available if
AGS20 is used in combination with a full outdoor equipment (according to roadmap): in this case the L1 load
sharing is realized on the switch interfaces (of the expansion board) that will be connected to one or more
outdoor radio.

Maximum Ethernet Ethernet Throughput (Mbps) without Header Compression

64 bytes of packet size [Mbit/s]
Channel Spacing
Modulation QAM

4S 4 16S 16 32 64 128 256 512S 512 1024S 1024 2048

7 MHz
9.1 11.2 19.2 22.8 27.4 33.5 40.2 46.9 51.2 52.4 57.3 57.9
-/-
14 MHz
19.2 23.3 39.6 47.6 57.0 71.7 85.2 98.7 104.6 110.0 115.8 121.2 125.5

28 MHz
40.3 48.1 81.7 94.4 118.3 148.5 176.8 203.5 214.5 226.6 241.1 253.2 264.7

40 MHz
57.0 68.0 115.0 131.9 165.1 209.1 247.7 286.3 301.6 318.7 339.0 356.2 376.4

56 MHz
81.0 96.9 163.1 187.5 234.5 296.9 351.6 406.4 428.1 452.5 481.2 505.5 534.2
Traffic classification
The adaptive modulation entails a change in the available bandwidth with regard to the modulation scheme that
is used and as a consequence, moving from higher modulation downward, the decreasing of the traffic capacity.
The possibility to classify the traffic allows deciding what traffic to transport according to the available
bandwidth. For example, if the modulation is reduced from 2048QAM to 4QAM all traffic exceeding 4QAM
capacity cannot be carried anymore.

AGS20 solution has 8 output queues per port –through which 8 priority classes can be managed– with user
configurable quality management.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implementation manages the ETH traffic in different ways:

 ETH packets thanks to flexible QoS classification based on VLAN, IPv4, IPv6, MPLS exp bits and DSCP in IP
over MPLS

This allows each type of services to be transmitted with the agreed performances.

Link Quality measurement

In order to trigger a modulation change some switching criteria must be implemented. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
solutions are based on MSE measurements that allow the system to react to any source of degradation, well
before errors are detected by the FEC. It involves one direction at a time and the process is completely jitter and
error free for surviving traffic.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implements MSE (Mean Squared Error) based Adaptive Modulation in all channel
bandwidths. The ACM profiles can be selected by SW in order to build a user configured Adaptive Modulation
Profile.

A continuous monitoring on the MSE parameter is performed by the system, thus when MSE goes below a pre-
defined threshold, a modulation switch request is transmitted backward.

TDM capabilities
Even if the trend is a reduction of usage of TDM, the AGS20 depending on HW version is able to provide an
exhaustive TDM connectivity. Up to 16xE1 + 2xSTM-1 + 2xNodal are available

The following table summarizes the TDM capacity that can be transported.

IDU type TDM traffic

AGS20s 1+0 max. 126
AGS20s 2+0 XPIC max. 2x126
AGS20s 2x(1+0) max. 2x126
AGS20s 4+0 max. 4x126
Maximum managed E1 by different HW Versions.

The “TDM traffic” is always routed through the radio-link (it obviously limits the minimum usable modulation).
ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS
AGS20 is compliant with MEF9 for service functionality and MEF14 for service performance. Configured in point-
to-point, nodal or ring topology, they can be used to implement standardized Ethernet services such as E-Line, E-
LAN and E-Tree providing quality of service (QoS), scalability and reliability. Each service could be created in
transparent mode or in virtual mode sharing radio link resources between different services managing VLAN
802.1q tags.

Ethernet Frame mapping over Radio Link

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA AGS20 maps Ethernet straight into the radio frames (Native IP), this approach provides
a point-to-point unacknowledged connectionless service over the radio channel.

Ethernet Throughput
Universal AGS20 IDU provides full-duplex Ethernet throughput ranging from 10 up to 500 Mbit/s per radio
direction. It is possible to associate a given bandwidth to a single Ethernet port. It can be assigned in fixed steps
up to full wire speed. A big throughput improvement came using Header Compression technology reported in the
paragraph below.

Ethernet Interface characteristics

The AGS20 Series implements a multi-port store-and-forward Layer 2 Switch. The embedded Switch supports the
following Layer 2 functionalities:

 MAC switching (table of 8192 addresses)

 MAC Address learning and aging
 Auto negotiation
 MDI/MDIX crossover
Automatic MDI/MDIX crossover is supported; it allows NIC-to-SWITCH and SWITCH-to-SWITCH
connection regardless of cable type (straight-through or crossover).
 IEEE 802.1q VLANs and VLAN stacking (Q in Q)
 Quality of Service
 ITU-T Y.1731 ETH OAM / IEEE 802.1ag
Ingress port rate limiting (Storm Control)
This feature allows limiting the maximum amount of traffic that can be accepted at the input of the switch LAN
ports. In other words, referring to the image shown below, it’s possible to apply, for each LAN port, a rate limiter
(PIRL set as active for each relevant LAN interface) to the incoming Ethernet data traffic relevant to a combination
of the traffic types (independently from the VLAN ID and priority level), that are:

 BROADCAST frames
 MULTICAST
 Flooded frames (unknown unicast frames)

Ingress VLAN manipulation

Once the mapping has been performed, all the incoming traffic has been associated to a specific EVC. This means
that the VLAN tag associated to the Carrier Ethernet service is appended to each frame and it is used across the
entire Carrier Ethernet network for delivering the frame towards the destination. This tag is called S-tag. This
service tag is removed before the frame is delivered across the UNI to the external equipment on the other end
of the connection.

Before appending the VLAN tag associated to the service, the VLAN manipulation function allows modifying the
format of the incoming frames.

The VID can be rewritten on the basis of the following criteria:

 S-tag remapping
 C-tag remapping

Service Instance Mapping

Mapping functionality allows associating to all incoming traffic a specific VLAN ID identifying the Ethernet Virtual
Connection (EVC).
The mapping is based on configurable mapping rules:
 Ingress User Port: all traffic from the port is mapped on the same unique EVC;
 User VLAN ID: all traffic associated to one or more CE VLAN ID is mapped on the same EVC;

The EVC connects two or more subscriber sites (UNI’s) and can be bundled or multiplexed on the same UNI to
satisfy the following scenarios:

Service multiplexing
In this scenario, each CE-VLAN ID is mapped to one EVC at the UNI (also known as one-to-one mapping). This UNI
only has the service multiplexing attribute
Service multiplexing Bundling
In this example, (UNI with bundling and service multiplexing attributes), the first CE-VLAN ID is mapped to one
EVC and the remaining four (4) to a second EVC. As seen, this UNI contains only two (2) EVCs.

All-to-one Bundling
Lastly, the last UNI highlights the case where all CE-VLAN IDs are mapped to just one EVC. In this case, the UNI
has the all-to-one bundling attribute.

Classification Criteria
QoS refers to the ability of a network device to provide improved services to selected network traffic over various
underlying technologies, including Ethernet and wireless LANs. In particular, QoS feature provides an improved
and more predictable network services, as follows:

 Improving loss characteristics

 Avoiding and managing network congestion

 Prioritizing services to different kinds of network traffic
 Setting traffic priorities across the network
QoS is implemented in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA products in a multilevel approach:

 Ingress port

 Level 2 VLAN identifiers (802.1Q)

 Level 2 priority bits (802.1P QoS)
 Level 3 priorities IPv4 (ToS or DSCP) or IPv6 (TC)
 Level 2 VLAN identifiers + Priority bits
 EXP bits MPLS
 DSCP in IP over MPLS
Ingress Filter Policing (CIR/EIR according to MEF 10.2)
AGS20 allows limiting the ingress traffic rate on the basis of:

 UNI Port Based (Bandwidth profile per UNI port): a different profile is defined for each LAN port (VLAN ID
and priority are not considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm)
 EVC Based (Bandwidth Profile per C_VID): a different profile is defined for different VLANs (priority is not
considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm).

 COS Based (Bandwidth Profile per CoS): a different profile is defined for each priority queue from 0 to 7
(i.e. internal switch priority). In this case, the Customer and Service VLAN IDs are not considered by the
rate limiting algorithm and independently from the enabled QoS management
 C-TAG + C-PCP Based (Bandwidth Profile per C_VID + CoS): a different profile is defined for different
couples VLAN+priority queue
 S-TAG + S-PCP based: (Bandwidth Profile per S_VID+S-PCP): a different profile is defined for different
couples Service VLANs – S.
 S-TAG + C-TAG (Bandwidth Profiles per S_VID+CoS): a different profile is defined for different couples
S_VID+priority queue (up to 64 different cases can be managed).
In general different criteria can be defined for each port/VLAN/priority. Up to 64 Ingress Filtering Policy resources
can be defined and each bandwidth profile defined on the basis either of LAN port, VLAN or VLAN+priority
consumes 1 of such resources.

In order to define the bandwidth profile, the following parameters must be configured:

 CIR (Committed Information Rate): it is the admitted ingress rate (“green” colored), with values between
0 Kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s.
 CBS (Committed Burst Rate): it is the maximum size of the token bucket of the green packets, with values
between 0 byte and 256 Kbyte.
 EIR (Excess Information Rate): it is maximum ingress rate eventually admitted (“yellow” colored), with
values between 0Kbit/s and 1Gbit/s.

 EBS (Excess Burst Rate): it is the maximum size of the token bucket of the yellow packets, with values
between 0 byte and 256 Kbyte.

Queue and Congestion Avoidance methods

The Congestion Avoidance is a protocol that permits to discard some frames before congestion occurs. When the
queue is full there is a congestion situation, this means that the resources are not enough to serve all the packets
and there is not enough room in the queue for more storage. In this case some packet must be dropped. The
choice of the dropping policy has different effects on the network. In case of congestion, the TCP/IP protocol
reduces the transmitting windows and therefore the amount of traffic transmitted. The TCP/IP protocol increases
the transmitting window very slowly to allow the network to solve the congestion issues.
AGS20 implements congestion avoidance mechanisms which allows preventing from congestions inside the
network. Mechanisms that are supported are:

 Random Early Detection (RED)

 Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)

 Tail Drop

Scheduling
Once the priority is assigned, the traffic in the queues is then emptied by means of either Strict Priority or Weight
Round Robin algorithms. With the Strict Priority the highest priority takes always precedence. With WRR the
available bandwidth is shared between the different priorities with configurable weights. It is in addition possible
to configure at the same time some queues as Strict Priority and the remaining as WRR.

AGS20 switch support 8 queues per port with configurable depth.

Egress Shaping
Egress Shaping is used to control rate of traffic sent on network interface. Traffic that is less than or equal to the
specified rate is sent, whereas traffic that exceeds the rate is dropped or delayed. Rate limiting is performed by
policing (discarding excess packets), queuing (delaying packets in transit) or congestion control (manipulating the
protocol’s congestion mechanism).

The rate limiting which allows shaping traffic inserted inside the network is also implemented based:
 Per Egress port

 Per queue
Egress Manipulation
The egress manipulation function allows modifying the format of the out coming frames.

The egress VLAN can be removed on the basis of the following criteria:

 Port Based

 Port and C-tag based

Ethernet Resiliency
LLF - Link Loss Forwarding

PIRL - Peak Input Rate Limiting - In order to control the traffic flows incoming the equipment and thus the
network, this access limitation/control policies is introduced with a “leaky bucket architecture”

RSTP - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol - is a link layer network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any
bridged LAN. Thus, the basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and ensuing broadcast radiation.

ELP - Ethernet Link Protection - ELP is used to protect the network from Ethernet link failures in various network
topologies and application

LAG - Link Aggregation – is a recommendation (802.1AX-2008 or 802.3ad) designed for using multiple media in
parallel to increase the link speed beyond the limits of any one single medium and increase the
redundancy for higher availability

ERP - Ethernet Ring Protection is a ITU-T under G.8032 Recommendation and provide sub-50ms protection and
recovery switching for Ethernet traffic in a ring topology and at the same time ensuring that there are no
loops formed at the Ethernet layer. G.8032v1 supported a single ring topology and G.8032v2 supports
multiple rings/ladder topology.

Header compression
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA has developed a two level Header Compression that is able to hash L2, L2.5, L3 and L4
header’s protocols and thus massively increase the available radio throughput.
The packet compression gain provided is from 3% up to 200%, depending on payload, protocols stacks and packet
size.

In the following figure, supported Header Compression protocol and various compression rates are reported, in
relation with packet sizes compressed protocol stacks.
 Figure 5 - Layers involved in the Header compression process

On AGS-20 a unique level Header Compression is set, in which it’s not necessary to specify what protocols are
supported but just if the compressor is enabled or disabled (completely bypassed). The compression function will
operate in the direction from LAN to Radio, while the decompression function will operate in the opposite
direction.

On the WEB LCT platform is available the contextual area of the Header Compression functionality for the
Ethernet packets in output from the LAN ports to the radio. Every row of the table corresponds to one radio port.
The lower part of the contextual area displays the protocols and the modes supported by the Parser of Header
Compression functionality

Figure 6 - Relation between packets size and compression ratio

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

TMN Connection
AGS20 can be reached from network management system perspective either by establishing a DCN data channel
over the Ethernet traffic interface (InBand management) or by provisioning a dedicated Ethernet port for
management purpose (Out of band management).
InBand management can uses a logical separation between payload traffic and DCN traffic using specific VLAN tag
dedicated to supervision traffic.

The AGS20 Series provides several communication ports for TMN connections. These ports can be used for:

 connection to other equipment

 connection to TMN’s DCN

 direct connection to SIAE MICROELETTRONICA’s Element Manager

Depending on equipment configuration, the following TMN ports are available:

 6x Ethernet 10/100/1000 BASE-T / BASE-X (@ RJ-45 or SFP connector)

 1x LAN Local Access (@ RJ-45 connector)

 1x Console (@ RJ-45 connector)

Management Functionalities
The management functionalities implemented at NE level are:

 Fault management (alarms, events, date, time, severity, etc.)

 Configuration and test Management (i.e. configuration of ALS parameters, set-up of loop-backs, manual
forcing of 1+1 switches, mapping of relay alarms and user inputs, etc.)

 Software management (i.e. software release management and software download)

 Performance management and monitoring relevant to G.828 parameters.

 Security Management (i.e. Network Element multi-level access according to Operator’s rights)
Management Software
As for any SIAE MICROELETTRONICA network element, AGS20 Series is provided with an embedded SNMP agent
fully compatible with existing SIAE’s Network Management Systems (NMS5-LX/UX) and relevant management
tools.

In order to satisfy the requirements of local and centralized management, SIAE MICROELETTRONICA has
developed the following software/platforms/systems:

 NMS5-LX (Element Manager) for centralized management of medium networks with up to 1000 Network
Elements per server (Linux OS)

 NMS5-UX (Element Manager) for centralized management of large networks with up to 10000 Network
Elements per server (HP Unix OS)

 Web LCT for maintenance and line-up activities (MS Windows® OS & Adobe flash) accessible via Browser

 CLI (Command Line Interface) for equipment configuration via telnet client

For a more detailed description of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA supervision software platforms, please refer to the
specific product literature.
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Physical Dimensions of system components

System Version Width (mm) Height (mm) Depth (mm)

ASN ODU 6÷15GHz 254 254 114

ASN ODU 18÷42GHz 182 182 65

AGS20 IDU 1RU 4421/4812 44 223

Power supply

ODU Range
-40.8  -57.6 Vdc
According to ETSI EN300132-2

Power Consumption (W)

Configuration

1+0 Radio Terminal ≤ 76

1+1 Radio Terminal ≤ 104

Environmental conditions

Environmental Conditions Range

Operational range for IDU -5° C  +45° C

Operational humidity for IDU up to 95% not condensing

Protection Class for ODU IP65

Wind load  200 km/h

Surge and lightning protection according to ETSI EN 301 489

1
without brackets
2
with brackets
Frequently requested standards compliances
EN 300 132-2 Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment
EN 300 019 Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment
(Operation: class 3.2 for IDU and class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport: class
2.3)
EN 301 390 Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point and Point-to-Multipoint Systems; Spurious
emissions and receiver immunity at equipment/antenna port of Digital Fixed Radio
System
EN 302 217 Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antenna
EN 301 489 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services
EN 60950 Information Technology Equipment – Safety
ITU-R ITU Recommendations for all frequency bands
ITU-R F.1191 Bandwidths and unwanted emissions of digital fixed service systems
CEPT CEPT Recommendations for all frequency bands
IEEE 802 802.1ag (Connectivity Fault Management), 802.1p (QoS), 802.1Q (VLAN), 802.1W
(RSTP), 802.3ad-2008 (link aggregation), 802.3i (10BASE-T), 802.3u (100BASE-TX/FX),
802.3x (Flow control), 802.3ab (1000 BASE-T), 802.3z (1000BASE LX/SX)
IEEE 1588-2008 Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement
and Control Systems
ITU-T 1731 Ethernet OAM fault management
ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical levels
ITU-T G704 Characteristics of 1544 and 2048 Kbit/s hierarchical levels
ITU-T G.742 Second order digital multiplex equipment operating at 8449 Kbit/s and using positive
justification
ITU-T G.783 Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment digital block
ITU-T G.823 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048
Kbit/s hierarchy
ITU-T G.825 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.957 Optical Interfaces for equipment and system relating to the synchronous digital
hierarchy
ITU-T G.8261 Timing and Synchronization Aspects in Packet Networks
ITU-T G.8262 Characteristics of synchronous Ethernet Equipment slave Clock
ITU-T G.8264 Distribution of timing through packet networks
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A., Via Michelangelo Buonarroti, 21, Cologno Monzese (Mi), Italy