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E FIRST AID AND WATER SURVIVAL

FINAL
F (1-4 weeks)
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Prepared By: Nellrose B. Emlano
Instructor

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 I. EMERGENCY RESCUE TRANSFER 6. Danger of collapsing walls

This part presents the emergency rescue techniques for FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE SELCTION OF
different situations in consideration of the injuries suffered by TRANSFER METHOD.
the victim. The different methods of emergency rescue transfer
1. Nature and severity of the injury
are also discussed in this chapter. Some pictures are provided
2. Size and weight of the victim
for better understanding, but demonstrations and return-
3. Physical capabilities of the first aider
demonstrations are imperative to effectively learn the skills of
4. Number of personnel and equipment available
emergency rescue transfer.
5. Nature of the evacuation route
6. Distance to be covered
7. Sex of the victim
Definition of Terms
POINTERS TO BE OBSERVED DURING TRANSFER
1. Emergency Rescue is the rapid movement of victims from
an unsafe place to a safe place. 1. Victim’s airway must be kept often.
2. Transfer refers to the moving of victim from one place to 2. Prevent haemorrhage to avoid shock.
another after giving the first aid. 3. Victim should be safely maintained in the correct
3. Dragging refers to the act of rescuer of cautiously pulling position.
a victim by the shoulders or feet on a smooth ground. 4. Regularly check the victim’s condition.
This is usually done if the rescuers is alone and is not 5. Supporting bandages and dressing should be effectively
strong enough to carry the victim. applied.
6. The method of transfer is safe, comfortable and as speedy
INDICATIONS FOR EMERGENCY RESCUE as circumstances permit.
7. The patient’s body should be moved as one unit to avoid
1. Danger of Fire or Explosion injury at the joints and extremities.
2. Danger of toxic gases or asphyxia due to lack of oxygen 8. The taller first aiders should stay at the head of the
3. Serious traffic hazards victim.
4. Risk of drowning 9. First aiders must observe ergonomics in the lifting and
5. Danger of electrocution moving the patient.

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METHODS OF EMERGENCY RESUCUE TRANSFER for victims to rescue. This is also used to avoid smoke
inhalation injuries while rescuing during a fire.
A. ONE MAN CARRY METHODS
7. Inclined Drag is used when transporting a victim,
1. Lovers carry or carry in arms is commonly used by any
especially on stairways. Always remember to elevate the
person in carrying or transporting another.
head of the victim while walking to prevent him or her
2. Fireman’s carry is used when there is no injury at or
from losing consciousness.
there is near the abdomen.
C. TWO MAN ASSIST/ CARRY METHODS
3. Pack Strap carry is usually used to carry victim for a
1. Four hand Seat is used when the victim is conscious.
short distance.
2. Hands as a Litter is applied when the victim is not
4. Piggy Back Carry is used to transport victims for longer
conscious.
distances.
3. Carry by Extremities is applied when injuries of victim
are at the body parts except the hands and feet.
B. ONE MAN ASSIST/ DRAG METHODS
4. Assist to Walk is applied when a person cannot walk
alone, especially for persons under the influence of liquor
1. Assist to Walk is usually done to assist a person who
or drugs.
cannot walk by himself or herself due to injury or illness.
5. Chair Carry is a method of carrying the victim by letting
2. Cloth Drag is used when cloth is available. The surface of
him or her sit on a strong chair and letting at least two
the ground should be smooth when performing this drag
individuals carry the chair with the victim on it.
to avoid further injury to the victim.
6. Fireman’s Carry with Assistance is used when there are
3. Feet Drag is used when the ground is smooth by fixing
a lot of victims who need immediate transfer from an
the hands and dragging the victim by the feet.
unsafe to a safe place.
4. Armpit/ Shoulder Drag is also used to drag a victim by
the armpits away from an unsafe place.
D. THREE- MAN CARRY METHODS
5. Blanket Drag is used when the victim is lying on a
1. Hammock Carry is used to carry a victim who cannot be
blanket. This is done by holding the ends of the blanket
carried by a single rescuer because of heavy weight,
and gently dragging the blanket carrying the victim.
nature of injury, and a nature of terrain. This method of
6. Fireman’s Drag is done in a building that is burning and
transporting a victim is ideal for wide alleys.
that the victims are confirmed to be still inside. The
rescuer crawls at estimated one foot on the floor and look

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 2. Bearers Alongside is usually used in narrow alleys. The
rescuers carry the victim along one side of the victim is
clipped against the chests of the rescuers to avoid falling
and further injury.
E. IMPROVISED STRETCHER USING TWO POLES
MATERIALS:
1. Blanket
2. Empty sacks
3. Shirts or coats
4. Triangular Bandages
F. FOUR/SIX/EIGHT- MAN CARRY can be done when the
weight of the victim/patient cannot be carried by 1-3
persons. This procedure is the same with three-man
carry.
G. BLANKET CARRY is different from the stretcher and it
uses a blanket with poles. This is done by proper
insertion of blanket under the victim, testing the blanket
and lifting.
H. COMMERCIAL STRETCHER is a ready-made stretcher
designed for purpose of carrying a victim/patient.
I. AMBULANCE/RESCUE VAN. Most ambulances are
designed with stretchers inside that can be folded to serve
as a bed for patients/ victims. Others may also be used
as rescue vehicles for the purpose of transferring victims.
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INITIAL TRIAGE AND TAGGING
Triage and tagging are done to prioritize victims in a
mass disaster such as plane crash, vehicular accident, earth
quake, massive landslide, flood, fire and other natural or man-
made disasters. It also refers to the method of sorting patients
into categories of priority for care and transport base on the
severity of injuries and medical emergencies.
The S.T.A.R.T System refers to Simple Triage and Rapid
Treatment. It is one method of triages that has been proven to
be effective.
TAGGING OF VICTIMS/PATIENTS
1. RED TAG – 1ST PRIORITY. The victim has a life
threatening or serious injury that needs immediate first
aid and rescue.
2. YELLOW TAG- 2ND PRIORITY. The victim has a less
threatening injury and care can be delayed within one
hour.
3. GREEN TAG- 3RD PRIORITY. The victim can walk on
his/her own; rescue/assistance of victim maybe delayed.
4. BLACK TAG-4TH PRIORITY. No care is required. The victim
is dead or close to death. All victims tagged with Black
shall be the last priority during rescue operations.
REFERENCES

Hand book on First Aid, Rescue and Water Safety

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