Example I

❖ Given data
✓ Qmax=6000m3/s
✓ H.F. L=104m
✓ River bed level=100m
✓ Average diametric of bed material=0.10m
❖ Required
✓ Design and sketch a guide bund including the launching apron to
train the river
❖ Solution
✓ The Waterway to be provided between two guide banks planes,
as Lacey’s Regime waterway=Clear waterway
P=4.75*Q^1/2
Cont.
Where
✓ P = Lacey’s Regime perimeter (m),
✓ Q = maximum discharge (m³/s)
P =368m
Generally, L≈ 1.1 to 1.25 P.
Assuming 20% extra for piers etc.
✓ The net spacing between the two guide
bunds at the bridge site
L=1.2*368=440m
Cont.
✓ Hence L=440m= (1+20%)
L=1.2P=440m
✓ The length of guide bund upstream of the bridge
LU/s=1.25L=1.25*440m=550m
✓ Because of Lu/s=1.25L for Q max up to
20,000m3/s.
✓ Length of the guide bunds downstream of the
bridge
Ld/s=0.25L=0.25*440=110m
✓ The radius of the curved head U/s portion may be
kept R=0.45L=0.45*440=194m
✓ The U/s end of guide bund may therefore be curved
in such away as to make an angle of 60 degree as
shown between 45 to 60 take an angle of 60 degree
at D/s R1=1/2*R=1/2*194=97m
Cont.

✓ Fig 1 plan of guide bunds

Cont.
✓ Cross section of the guide bunds
✓ The given HFL at the bridge site =104m
✓ Assuming a free board of 1.5m and zero value of
afflux and ignoring velocity head
✓ Ranges of free board from 1.25m to 1.5m
✓ We take Fr=1.5m
✓ Top level of guide bund =104m+1.5m=105.5m
✓ To be safer and making an allowance for future
settlement etc.
✓ Let as adopt the top level of guide bunds as 106m
✓ Now, height of guide bund above river bed level
=106-100=6m
Cont.
✓ Assuming the top width of the guide bunds as 5m
and side slope as 2:1, we have the required sections
of the guide bunds as shown in below figure (2)

✓ Top width is not less than 3m is used due to these

we assume 5m

✓ Side slope is not steeper than 2:1(H:V)

✓ Constructed of locally available materials usually

sand or earthen soil
Cont.
✓ The stone pitching and an apron must be provided
on the slope on the water side for entire length of
guide bund.

✓ However, the rear side will also be pitched for

curved portions of the guide bund

✓ Vel.head=v2/2g

Where

V=Q/PRs
Cont.
=6000/(368*10.36)

=1.57m/s

Where Rs=0.47(Q/f)1/3

f=1.76*dmm^1/2

dmm=given=0.1mm

f=1.76*0.1^1/2=0.556

✓ Rs=0.47*(6000/ 0.556) ^1/3=10.36m

✓ Vel.head=v^2/2g= ((1.57^2)/2*9.81)) =0.13m

✓ Design of stone pitching and apron

Cont.
✓ The thickness of stone pitching on the side (t) is given by

✓ T=0.06Q^1/3=0.06*6000^1/3=1.09m say 1.1m

✓ The thickness of apron is given by

✓ Thickness of launching apron =1.9 *thickness of stone

pitching

=1.9*1.1=2.09m say 2.1m

✓ The length of apron is given by 1.5*D

where D for the straight reach of the guide bund is given as

Cont.
Cont.
Cont.
No Location Mean value D=KRs-water
of x or KRs depth above bed

1 Noses of guide bunds 2.25 2.25Rs-y

2 Transition from noses to the 1.5 1.5Rs-y
3 straight portion 1.25 1.25Rs-y
Straight reach of guide bunds
Cont.
1. The straight portion
✓ D=1.25Rs-y
✓ Rs calculated above=10.36m
✓ Y=depth of water above river bed level
=104-100=4m
✓ D=1.25*10.36-4=9m
✓ Length of apron for straight portion=1.5*D==1.5*9=13.5m
2.For the curvilinear transition portion of the guide bund
✓ However, D is given by
✓ D=1.5Rs-y=1.5*10.36-4=11.54 say 12m
Cont.
✓ Hence the length of apron in the curved
portion will be
1.5D=1.5*12=18m
✓ Pitching and apron in those curved portions
shall be provided on both side as shown in
figure(3)
3. The length of apron at noses should be
increased to 1.5D
(where D=2,25Rs-y=2.25*1036-4=19.36m)
✓ Length of apron at noses
=1.5D=1.5*19.36=say 29m
Cont.
Cont.
 Example II
✓For the following data and layout design a solid spur
for strengthening the embankment (bank protection).
✓The layout of embankment and proposed location of
spurs is shown in figure below.
Cont.
✓ LWL=lowest water level laid at 3.7m below HFL high flood
level
✓ Normal discharge of river=20000m3/s
✓ Catchment area =246km2
✓ Average diameter of bed material =0.7171mm
Solution
✓ Determine maximum discharge Q max
Q max=normal discharge + flood discharge
Flood discharge=CA^3/4
C=12
Cont.
✓ Flood discharge=12*(246)^3/4=745.38m3/s
✓ Q max=20000m3/s+745.38m3/s=20800m3/s
✓ Stable water way=P
P=4.75Q^1/2
=4.75*(20800)^1/2
=685m
✓ Q=Q/B=20800/685=30.4m3/s/m
✓ Lacey’s scour depth R=1.35(q/f)^1/3
✓ F=1.75*(d)^1/2
=1.75*(0.7171)^1/2
=0.9
Cont.
✓ R=1.35(30.4^2/0.9)^1/3
=13.65m
✓ Or R=0.47*(Q/f)^1/3
=0.47*(20800/0.9)^1/3
=13.4m
✓ Adopt maximum R=13.65m
1. Layout of spurs
✓ We are selected the repelling type spurs which is
inclined at U/s with 25 0 to the line normal to the
bank.
✓ We can to select the angle varies from 100 to 300
Cont.
2. Length of spurs
✓Three forms of spurs length

a. Length near the bank

L1 is between 30 and 60m (30-60m)

For our case L1=30m

b. Length of the middle L2

Cont.
✓ L2 is between 30 and 60m (30-60m)
For our case L2=30m
c. Length near the nose L3
✓ L3 is between 30 and 45m (30-45m)
For our case L3=30m
✓ Total length of spurs L
✓ L=L1+L2+L3
=30+30+30
=90m
Cont.
Cont.
3. Spacing of spurs
✓ Generally, a spacing of 2 to2.5 times the
length of spurs at a convex bank and equal
to length of concave banks is adopted
✓ Assume our spurs is at convex bank and
spacing Lspe=2*L=2*90=180m
4.Top width of spurs
✓ Top width=4m because top width of the
spur is kept as 3 to 6m at formation level
✓ Due to this we adopt top width =4m
Cont.
5. Free board
✓ 1.5 m is adopted because of free board is between 1m and
1.5m depending on the highest flood level for 1 in 500 years
flood or the anticipated highest flood level U/s of the spur,
which is more for our case free board =1.5m
6. Side slope
✓ U/s bank not steeper than 2:1 and we can to adopt 2:1
✓ The D/s bank varies from1.5:1 to 2:1 the we adopt 2:1
7. Thickness of stone pitching
✓ T=0.06Q^1/3
=0.06*(20800) ^1/3
=1.65 say 1.7m
Cont.
8. Provision of filter
✓ Provision of filter satisfying the filter
criteria has to be made below the pitching
at nose and on the U/s face for a length of 30
to 40m for the next 30 to 45m from the nose.
✓ The thickness of the same may be 20 to
30cm.the thickness of the filter for the next
30 to 45m on the upper face may be reduced
to about 15cm and beyond that, it can be
omitted.
9.Effective scour depth
R=13.65m
Cont.
a. Effective scour depth at nose
D=2R=2*13.65=27.3m
✓ Apron is proposed to be laid at LWL which is 3.7m below HFL (high
flood level)
✓ Design of scour below LWL (low water level)
✓ D=2*R- Δ Y
✓ Δ Y=HFL-LWL=3.7m
✓ D=27.3-3.7
=23.6m
✓ Slope length of launching apron =D*(5)^1/2=l
✓ L=23.6*(5)^1/2
=52.8m
Cont.
✓ Thickness of the apron=1.5T=1.5*1.7=2.6m
✓ Quantity of stone required per meter length=2.8TD
=2.8*1.7*23.6
=112.3m3/per meter length
✓ Width of launching apron=1.5D
=23.6*1.5
=35.5m
✓ Length of launching apron =2.5D
=23.6*2.5
=59m
Cont.
✓For sloping face stone pitching=T=2.1 thick stone
pitching
✓Thickness at the nose 1.25 to 1.5T
=1.3*2.2
=2.9m thick launching apron at nose
✓Width of launching apron =33.5m
✓Length of launching apron=59m
✓Thickness of the apron=2.2m
Cont.
b. Effective scour depth at Middle
D=1.5R
=1.5*13.65
=20.5m
✓ Apron is proposed to be laid at LWL which is 3.7m below
HFL (high flood level)
✓ Design of scour below LWL(low water level)
✓ D=1.5*R- Δ Y
✓ Δ Y=HFL-LWL=3.7m
✓ D=20.5-3.7
=16.8m
Cont.
✓ Slope length of launching apron =D*(5)^1/2=l
✓ L=16.8*(5)^1/2
=37.6m
✓ Thickness of the apron=1.5T=1.5*1.7=2.6m
✓ Quantity of stone required per meter length=2.8TD
=2.8*1.7*16.8m
=103.5 m3/per meter length
✓ Width of launching apron=1.5D
=1.5*16.8m
=25.2m
Cont.
✓When we are comparing with the width
at nose 35.5m>25.2m recommend the
width 35.5m
✓For sloping face stone pitching
=2/3T=1.466=1.5m thick stone pitching
✓Length of launching apron =1.5D
=1.5*16.8m
=25.2m
Cont.
c. Effective scour depth at rear
D=1.2R=1.2*13.65=16.38m
✓ Design of scour below LWL (low water level)
✓ D=1.2*R- Δ Y
✓ Δ Y =HFL-LWL=3.7m
✓ D=16.38-3.7
=12.7m
✓ Slope length of launching apron =D*(5)^1/2=L
✓ L=12.7*(5)^1/2
=28.4m
Cont.
✓Thickness of the apron=1.25T=1.25*1.7=2.2m
✓Quantity of stone required per meter length
=2.8TD
=2.8*1.7*12.7
=78.232m3/per meter length
✓Width of launching apron=1.5D
=1.5*12.7m
=19m
Cont.
✓When we are comparing with the width at nose 35.5m>19m
recommend the width 35.5m
✓Length of launching apron =1D
=1*12.7m
=12.7m
✓For sloping face stone pitching=0.3T
=0.66m
=0.7m thick stone pitching
Cont.
Cont.
Cont.

• The end