Biomass and Geothermal energy

Biomass
Thermal power (combustion): Emission of SO2/CO2:
Q̇=ηF ṁ ⋅ LHV ṁem =ṁ⋅ f em ⋅r
η F – combustor efficiency f em – mass fraction of sulfur/CO2 in the biomass
M S+ 2 M O
r= – ration of SO2
MS

Mixtures:
m=n⋅ M (m – mass; n – number of Moles; M – molar mass)
Flow rate of dry mass: ṁ dry =f conv f dry ṁb
1 MJ=0.278 kWh
Common balanced chemical reactions:
Cellulose (combustion): C 6 H 10 O 5+ 6O 2 → 6C O2+5 H 2 O
Cellulose (Gasification): C 6 H 10 O5+O2 →C O 2+5 CO +5 H 2
Cellulose (Digestion): C 6 H 10 O5+ H 2 O→ 3 C O2 +3 C H 4
Sugar (Fermentation): C 12 H 22 O11+ H 2 O → 4 C2 H 6 O+ 4 C O 2

Geothermal
Hydrothermal resource:
Amount of energy in a reservoir: Rate of energy removal from the reservoir:
E=Caq (T aq−T min ) dE dθ dθ −ṁC w
=C aq ⋅ =−ṁC w θ → = θ
C aq= Ah[ϕ ρ w C w + ( 1−ϕ ) ρr Cr ] dt dt dt C aq
−t θ ( t )=T aq (t)−T min
τ
⏟
E ( t )=C aq θ ( t )=C aq θ ( 0 ) e
C aq
Initial energy τ≡ – characteristic time
ṁ Cw
dT
Constant gradient: T aq=T 0 + ⋅z −t
dz aq Solution: θ ( t )=θ ( 0 ) e τ ; θ ( 0 ) =T aq ( 0 ) −T min

Dry rock reservoir:

Amount of energy stored:
Thermal capacitance of reservoir:
z2

E=∫ ( 1−ϕ ) ρr Cr [ T ( z ) −T min ] Adz C dr = A ( z 2−z 1 ) ( 1−ϕ ) ρr C r

z1
dT
−t −t Constant gradient: T ( z )=T 0 + ⋅z
τ
E ( t )=C dr θ ( t )=C dr θ ( 0 ) e =E 0 e τ dz

©Daniel Jalontzki
 Biomass and Geothermal energy

( )
Power extracted from the reservoir: dT z2 −z1
Initial average temp.: T ( 0 )=T 0+ ⋅
dE dθ dθ −ṁC w dz 2
=C dr ⋅ =−ṁC w θ→ = θ
dt dt dt C dr Cdr
τ≡ – characteristic time
θ ( t )=T (t)−T min ṁ Cw
−t
Solution: θ ( t )=θ ( 0 ) e τ ; θ ( 0 ) =T aq ( 0 ) −T min

©Daniel Jalontzki