Please read the conversation given below:

Meci : Hi Rafli! What are you doing?

Rafli : Hey Meci! I am reading an article on smoking.
Meci : Smoking. Why?
Rafli : For presentation in Science class.
Meci : So tell me what you learnt about smoking.
Rafli : Did you know that smoking is one of the main causes of sickness
in smokers? For example:
1. Smoking weakens the lungs due to which there is a build up of
poisonous substance.
2. Smoking causes heart attack, strokes, ulcers.
Meci : Really? It sounds scary.
Rafli : It is! If we do not educate people about effects of smoking, there
will be a lot of people suffering from these diseases.
Meci : You are right. We have to do it.

1. Discuss with your partner.

2. What do you think is happening in the-above conversation?
3. Do you think smoking is dangerous?
4. Do you think it should be banned?
 *To find a cause, ask, why did this happen?
*To find an effect, ask, what happen?
   Example:
   It rained, so I get wet.
Signal words Signal words

When we talk about cause, we use When we talk about effect

the following signal words: resulting from a certain cause, we
use the following signal words:
Because As a result
The reason for Then
On account of Hence
Bring about For this reason
Give rise to Therefore
Created by Outcome
Contributed to So
Led to Consequently
Due to Finally
For this reason In order to
Unless

Sentence Cause and Effect Relationship

Sumatran tigers are almost extinct
because people killed too many of
them.
Haze is caused by massive forest
burning.
Since they are in love, they forgive
each other mistakes
Early man learnt to grow food,
and as a result, their lives became
easier.
Cause: People killed too many of
them
Effect: Sumatran tigers are
almost extinct
Cause: Massive forest burning
Effect: Haze
Cause: They are in love
Effect: They forgive each other
mistakes
Cause: Early man learnt to grow
food
Effect: Their lives became easier

    Let’s talk a look at the sentence structure of cause and effect.

    Due to, because of, owing to, and thanks so are followed by a noun
Due to Noun
Because of
Owing to
 Thanks to

    Because, since, as, for are followed by a verb.

Due to
Because of
Subject + verb
Owing to
Thanks so

Examples:
Owing to her hard work and intelligence, we won the trophy.
Thanks to Siti and John’s effective planning, the event went well.
Because of his hard work, he managed to get the best student award.
I have a stomachache because I ate to much food.

There was a lot of homework and test, as a result most of the students were
unhappy and couldn’t go anywere during the weekend.