UNIT 8

SENTENCES AND CLAUSES

Exercise A
Choose the letter of the word or group of
words that best completes the sentence!
1. Telephone cables that use optical fibers can
be smaller and lighter than conventional cables,
… they typically carry much more information.
A. or
B. yet
C. and
D. so
2. Discussions in class teach students how to
communicate effectively, … they can use this
skill to excel in their future careers.
A. or
B. yet
C. and
D. so

3. People back then had … safe working

conditions, nor effective safety equipment.
A. neither
B. either
C. both
D. not only
4. In making cheese, casein, the chief milk
protein, is coagulated by enzyme action, by
lactic acid, … by both.
A. nor
B. or
C. yet
D. so

5. The Italian painter, sculptor, architect,

engineer, and scientist, Leonardo da Vinci died
on May 2, 1519, … was buried in the cloister of
San Fiorentino in Amboise.
A. so
B. thus
C. yet
D. and
6. The glass fibers are … used with plastics to
make boats and car bodies but also woven into
heavy cloth for window draperies and into
strong belts for making tires stronger.
A. both
B. not only
C. neither
D. either

7. Bats are the only mammals that are capable

of flying; …, some people mistake them for
birds.
A. thus
B. however
C. then
D. otherwise
8. The number of cervical vertebra is seven in
almost all mammals, … the sea cow has eight.
A. but
B. besides
C. for
D. nor

9. Spherical lenses do not focus perfectly on flat

film, … the image is slightly distorted, especially
at the edges.
A. so
B. since
C. and
D. similarly
10. Scientists have learned a lot about DNA
cloning; ..., they are a long way from cloning a
dinosaur.
A. furthermore
B. however
C. moreover
D. thus

Choose the letter of the underlined word or

group of words that is not correct!

11. If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it

is found to vary only slightly from place to
place; then, some of these small changes are
important.
12. Marian Anderson, recognized both in the
U.S. or in Europe as a very great vocalist, was
the first black singer to appear with the
Metropolitan Opera Company.

13. In addition the original document, the U.S.

Constitution contains ten amendments called
the Bill of Rights.

14. Champlain founded a base at Port Royal in

1605, so built a fort at Quebec three years
later.

15. Mickey Mouse was not Walt Disney's first

successful cartoon creation, for he is certainly
his most famous one.
16. In a glacier's depths, glacial ice behaves in a
plastic manner, distorting and flowing in
response to weight and pressure from above
and the degree of slope below; on contrast, the
glacier's upper portion is quite brittle.

17. In Canada, general elections must be held at

the end of every five years; moreover, they may
be conducted whenever issues require it.

18. In European-based music, the octave

represents an eight-pitch structure; in the other
hand, if you count the number of white and
black piano keys in an octave, you will count
thirteen.
19. Laser discs provide images of best quality
than those of neither television signals or video
tapes.

20. National parks include not only the most

scenic places in the nation but places
distinguished for their historic or scientific
interest.

Exercise B
Choose the letter of the word or group of
words that best completes the sentence!
1. A crystal is a piece of matter … are naturally
formed plane surface.
A. whose boundaries
B. that boundaries
C. which boundaries
D. when boundaries
 2. Geysers have often been compared to
volcanoes … both emit hot liquids from below
Earth’s surface.
A. despite
B. because
C. in regard to
D. as a result of

3. … the United States consists of many

different immigrant groups, many sociologists
believe there is a distinct national character.
A. In spite of
B. Despite
C. Even though
D. Whether
4. San Francisco, America's romantic city, has
always been a haven for the artists and writers
… have left at least part of their hearts there.
A. where
B. who
C. whose
D. which

5. … rainfall in the desert is low, it is one of the

most important climatic factors in the
formation of desert erosion features.
A. Although
B. Why
C. Despite
D. Due to
6. One difference between mathematics and
language is that mathematics is precise …
A. language is not
B. and language is not
C. but language is not
D. while is language

7. Many people from Europe, Asia, and South

America go to the USA … they need to do
business there.
A. because of
B. although
C. because
D. whether
8. Most of … archaeologists know about
prehistoric cultures is based on studies of
material remains.
A. these
B. what
C. which
D. their

9. Charlie Chaplin was a comedian … for his

work in silent movies.
A. who was best known
B. which was best known
C. whom is best known
D. who was known best
10. Sensory structures … from the heads of
some invertebrates are called antennae.
A. are growing
B. they are growing
C. that grow
D. grow

Choose the letter of the underlined word pr

group of words that is not correct!
11. The term track and field refers to athletic
events where include foot races and jumping
and throwing events.

12. The Federal Theatre Project, the first

federally financed theater project in the United
States, was established to benefit theater
personnel while the Depression of the 1930s.
13. Human food may be very harmful for some
animals, who is why they won't let us feed the
animals at the zoo.

14. Minoru Yamasaki achieved a reputation as

an architect which works departed from the
austerity frequently associated with
architecture after the Second World War.

15. James Baldwin’s plays and short stories,

who are to some degree autobiographical,
established him as a leading figure in the
United States civil rights movement.
16. Because its vast tracts of virtually
uninhabited northern forest, Canada has one of
the lowest population densities in the world.

17. During the temperature drops below 68

degrees Fahrenheit, the body conserves
warmth by restricting blood flowing to the skin.

18. John Rosamond Johnson composed

numerous songs, including Lift Every Voice and
Sing, for who his brother, James Weldon
Johnson, wrote the words.

19. During working as a machinist and engineer,

Henry Ford built his first automobile in his
spare time.
20. Nutritionists believe what diet affects how
one feels physically and emotionally.