TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE OF WORK ..................................................................................................... 3

2.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 3

3.0 MATERIAL.................................................................................................................. 3

4.0 PLANT AND MACHINERY ......................................................................................... 4

5.0 MANPOWER .............................................................................................................. 4

6.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE ................................................................................ 4

6.1 PRELIMINARY WORK .................................................................................................. 4

6.2 EXCAVATION .............................................................................................................. 5
6.3 BACKFILLING ............................................................................................................. 7

7.0 SAFETY REQUIREMENT ........................................................................................... 8

7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................... 8

7.2 PROTECTIVE & SAFETY EQUIPMENT ............................................................................ 8
7.3 SAFETY AND HEALTH REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................... 8
7.4 CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENT .................................................................................... 8
7.5 INFORMATION TO PERSONNEL .................................................................................... 8
7.6 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ........................................................................................ 8
7.7 PERMIT REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 8

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENT .......................................................................... 9

8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT....................................................................... 9

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRACTOR REQUIREMENT ........................................................... 9
8.3 CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENT .................................................................................. 10
8.4 EMERGENCY PROCEDURE ........................................................................................ 10

9.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE ........................................................................................... 10

9.1 CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENT .................................................................................. 10

9.2 INSPECTION AND TESTING ........................................................................................ 10
9.3 FOLLOW UP AND EVALUATION ................................................................................... 10

10.0 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................... 10

1.0 SCOPE OF WORK

All Excavation and Backfilling works shall be carried out in accordance with the Specification
and to the prescribed lines, grades and levels as shown on the Drawings. Works shall be
deemed to include the following:

a) Excavation of all materials as indicated on the Drawings. This shall include the
excavation of side roads, existing track embankment, side roads, overpass foundations,
intersections, ridges and such features that has been state in the scope of work of
excavation.

b) Backfilling and forming of embankment shall be complying with all drawing, grade, level
and specification of earthwork including all the compactions and testing that need to be
carried out during the process.

2.0 REFERENCES

The scope of work is carried out in accordance to the following:

a) Volume 1 – Government’s requirement for Infrastructure Works (11 June 2002)

b) Part 4 – Statement of Needs for Infrastructure Works (23 May 2003)
c) Volume 1 - Specifications for General Civil & Structural Works - (Rev C-27July 2007),
i. Section 3 - Earthwork
d) Construction Drawings

3.0 MATERIAL

Materials involve in excavation and a backfilling activity is varying according to it purpose:

a) 'Suitable material' shall comprise all materials that meet the specific requirements,
physically and chemically, for incorporation in the works as indicated in the Contract. The
material shall be capable for being compacted to a degree specified in the Drawings and
relevant Specification, regardless of whether it is obtained from within or outside the Site.

b) 'Unsuitable material' shall mean materials other than suitable materials and shall
comprise:

i. materials from swamp, marshes, bogs and dumps

ii. peat, logs, stumps and perishable materials
iii. materials susceptible to spontaneous combustion and has loss of weight greater
than 2.5 % on ignition
iv. clay of liquid limit exceeding 80% and/or plasticity index exceeding 55%

g) Materials that are soft or unsuitable merely because they are too wet or too dry for
effective compaction are not to be classified as unsuitable, unless otherwise classified
by the Supervising Engineer (S.E)

h) 'Rock’ shall mean the following:

 i. All hard materials that can only be loosened or excavated by blasting, wedging or
drilling using pneumatics tools and cannot be removed by the teeth of a mechanical
excavator or cannot be broken with a pickaxe.
ii. All solid boulders each exceeding 0.08 cu. m. (3 cu. ft.) if occurring in trenches or
each exceeding 0.5 cu. m (19 cu. ft.) if occurring in general excavations.

i) 'Rock fill' shall consist of hard durable, inert material of size suitable for deposition and
compaction.

4.0 PLANT AND MACHINERY

The typical plant and machinery involve in excavation and backfilling, according to the type
of work and suitability:

a) Excavator
b) Bulldozer
c) Tipper Trucks
d) Back Hoe
e) Back Pusher
f) Motor grade
g) Compactor
h) Low Loader
i) Water Truck

5.0 MANPOWER

Manpower that involve in excavation and backfilling, activities:

a) Site Engineer/Supervisor
b) Surveyor/Chainmen
c) Safety Officer/Traffic Controller/PICOW/Lookout man
d) Quality Engineer/Inspector
e) Environmental Officer
f) Machinery and plant operator
g) General Worker

6.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

6.1 Preliminary Work

a) Detection of existing underground or overhead utilities will be done prior to

excavation.

b) Relocation or protection must be carried out before commencement of work.

c) Upon completion of the site clearing, a joint survey of the Original Ground Level
(OGL) will be done and agreed by both representatives.

d) Proper access for ingress/egress of site vehicles will be provided. Facilities for
washing outgoing vehicles (washtrough) will be provided and the run-off will be
discharged into the silt trap.

e) Temporary drains will be constructed to drain surface run-off from the work area
and ground water from the excavated pit. The collected water will be channelled
through silt traps before being discharge into the existing drain.

6.2 Excavation

6.2.1 Suitable Material.

a) In areas of deep cutting, the hydraulic excavator and/or bulldozers will form initial
access to the top of the excavation.

b) The first stage of excavation will be by pushing aside or side casting to form a flat area
for the excavation units to work from. Excavation will proceed downwards either by side-
casting or loading into trucks for transportation to designated disposal areas.

c) Where it is feasible to form disposal areas on the downhill side of the road, excavation
will proceed using bulldozers to cut and push the excavated material aside. Otherwise,
material will be loaded into trucks and removed to disposal areas or to the filling areas.

d) The location of disposal areas will be investigated and confirmed as works proceeds,
but they will not be located:

i. Near the inlets and outlets of culverts

ii. On steep sloping hillside
iii. Adjacent to stream beds

e) Material put to disposal will be spread in layers, where practicable, by back pusher or
bulldozers.

f) All disposal tips will be left in a stable, neat and tidy condition with faces trimmed by
hydraulic excavators and top surfaces sealed by tracking with bulldozers. Earth
drainage will be established to prevent long-term erosion.

g) As excavation work proceeds, the finalized faces and berms of the excavation will be
formed to the correct slopes and dimensions. This work will be carried out by hydraulic
excavators, which will work in conjunction with teams of slope checkers who will ensure
the finished profile is correct.

h) On steep sloping hillside where benched excavation is necessary to form the foundation
for an embankment, the hydraulic excavators and/or bulldozer will carry out the
excavation. Excavated material will be either side-cast or loaded away, depending on
the location of adjacent spoil/disposal areas. Where the excavation extends well below
the finished road level, temporary hauls road will be formed by cutting into hillside to
give access at various elevations.

i) Hydraulics excavators working with the slope checkers will form the foundation benches
to the correct dimensions.
6.2.2 Unsuitable Material (Bulk Excavation)

a) Unsuitable material shall be identified and be confirmed by Atterberg’s Limits test.

Once confirmed as unsuitable material, mackintosh probe tests may be carried out
(on instruction by the S.E) to determine the depth of unsuitable material.

b) In areas of peat and unsuitable material, accessibility over the surfaces by

construction plant and equipment are unlikely possible due to the low bearing
capacity of the soil type.

c) In order to facilitate the excavation of peat and unsuitable material, temporary

access roads have to be constructed.

d) The width of the access road will generally be approximately 7m so that a two-
way traffic for dump trucks is possible. Subsequently, depending on the nature
and area of works feeder roads will be constructed branching out from the access
road at certain interval that is usually of 20m each and forming area of excavation
into grid configurations.

e) This will enable the use of hydraulic excavators to excavate the unsuitable
material and load into waiting dump trucks parked on the temporary feeder roads.

f) Upon completion of temporary access road for construction, excavation of

unsuitable material shall proceed.

g) To ensure dry working condition prior to suitable fill, water pumps ranging from
6”  to 12”  or equivalent of outflow will be used. This is depending on the
extent of each bay excavation and the extent of dewatering requirements (if
required).

h) Joint measurement will be conducted on the final base of excavation to determine

volume of unsuitable material being excavated.

6.2.3 Excavation Below Embankments and Below Formation Level in Cutting.

a) Any material below the natural ground level under embankments or below
formation level in cuttings that required to be excavated shall be removed to such
depth and over such areas as are indicated in the Specification. The resultant
excavation shall be backfilled with suitable material deposited in layers of
thickness appropriate to the compaction plant to be used and compacted in the
manner specified for the forming of embankments. Nevertheless where in these
circumstances such backfill has to be deposited below standing water, compaction
may be omitted provided that the material used in rockfill, clean gravel or other
completely free draining material.

6.2.4 Excavation of Foundation Pits and Trenches

a) The sides of pits and trenches shall be adequately supported at all times. Except
where otherwise described in the Specification or agreed with the S.E, they shall
not be battered.
b) Trenches and pits shall be kept free of water in accordance with the Specification.

c) The bottom of all excavations shall be formed to the lines and levels shown on the
Drawings. Any pockets of soft material or loose rock in the bottom of pits and
trenches shall be removed and the resulting cavities and any large fissures filled
with suitable materials.

d) All excavated materials from such excavations not required for refilling shall be
disposed off or stockpile at a designated area, for other uses.

6.3 Backfilling

6.3.1 Borrow Pits

All imported material must be sampled and pass by the laboratory, prior to
commencement of work.

6.3.2 Preparation

Prior to commencement of first layer filling the following activities must be carried out and
completed:

a) All joint surveys of existing ground level and working drawings has been approved by
the S.E

b) The areas to be filled are free from existing services.

c) All survey control points including Center Line Markings, Toe Pegs, Batter Pegs and
their offsets with chainages and level are established.

d) All suitable material sources is tested and approved by the S.E

6.3.3 Filling layer until formation Level

a) Upon confirmation by the S.E, suitable materials from approved sources will proceed to
the designated fill areas.

b) The material shall be deposited, spread and leveled to a loose thickness and
compacted to 300mm thick compacted thickness. The thickness of loose fill shall be as
per trial compaction test.

c) The fill layer will be built up evenly over the full width and will be maintained at all times
with sufficient camber to avoid water retention.

i. The embankment will be constructed to the requirement of specification and to a

ii. Sufficient width to ensure adequate compaction at the edge of embankment before
trimming back.

d) In-situ moisture testing will be carried out in accordance to BS 1377:1990

6.3.4 Testing of filling layers

a) Field Density Test (FDT) will be carried out on every layer of fill to ensure the required
compaction has been achieved.

b) Moisture content testing will be carried out either by speedy moisture tester (correlated
to Standard Oven) or Standard Oven.

6.3.5 Trial fills compaction proposals

a) The trial fill compaction proposal is to determine the number of passes in relation to
loose depth and type plant for each material to achieve specified compaction will be
carried out and the result will be implemented for filling of subsequent layers.

7.0 SAFETY REQUIREMENT

7.1 Risk Assessment

a) Machinery overturning during loading and dumping.
b) Tree fall on machinery and worker.
c) Worker bitten by poisons snake.
d) Injuries cause by accident happen during clearing, by equipment or machinery

7.2 Protective & Safety Equipment

a) Safety and Health Plan (DTP-MMCG(HQ)-SHP-OP-001).
b) Personal Protective Equipment (DTP-MMCG(HQ)-SHI-OP-011).

7.3 Safety and Health Requirements

a) Safety and Health Plan (DTP-MMCG(HQ)-SHP-OP-001).
b) Personal Track Safety (KTMB-038).

7.4 Contractual Requirement

a) Safety and Health Plan (DTP-MMCG(HQ)-SHP-OP-001)

7.5 Information to Personnel

a) Safety and Health Plan (DTP-MMCG(HQ)-SHP-OP-001)

7.6 Emergency Procedures

a) Safety and Health Plan (DTP-MMCG(HQ)-SHP-OP-001)
b) Crisis Management Plan (DTP-MMCG(HQ)-CMP-OP-001)

7.7 Permit Requirements

a) As and when required.
8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENT

8.1 Environmental Impact Assessment

The identified significant environmental impacts in associated with the above mentioned
activities not limited to the following, if inadequate mitigation is taken.

a) Degradation / Conservation of natural resources

b) Deterioration of river water quality

c) Siltation and sedimentation in watercourses

d) Deterioration of river water quality in term of turbidity

e) Damming of water course and cause local flood

f) Contamination of water quality such as diesel, used oil, hydraulic oil etc.

g) Soil contamination and deterioration of ground water quality caused by leakage of oil
from the machinery

h) Disposal of biomass (tree trunk and stumps) in the watercourse may lead to water
quality problem due to bio-decomposition process.

8.2 Environmental Contractor Requirement

The contractor shall comply with the requirements stated in the EIA (EIA Approval-
AS(B)50/013/602/006/Jilid3(6)-27th November 2002) and DOE approval condition. The
effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted and implemented at the site shall be in
lined with the Environmental Management Plan in minimizing the impacts generated from
the above activities. The mitigation measures are not limited to the following:

a) The working area shall keep to a minimum to avoid excessive soil exposed to erosion
agents and within the Right of way (R.O.W).

b) Cutting and filling slope shall carry out accordingly to the design.

c) Predetermine the disposal site for unsuitable materials and surplus namely spoil tip to a
designated approved disposal area.

d) Method of handling of spoil tip shall be established before start work.

e) Provision of silt control / traps at the strategic locations with proper perimeter drainage
system in placed before start work. This is applicable to a borrow pit area as well.
Regular maintenance on the silt controls / traps is required to ensure the compliances.

f) Earth drainage must be established to prevent erosion.

g) Completed slope and bare ground shall be vegetated in order to reduce the erosion rate
e.g turfing.

h) Temporary exposed slope (no activity is going on) shall be covered with plastic sheet
whenever is practical. It is only applicable to small surface and critical area only.
i) Spraying of water on the haul road surface to minimize the emission of dust.

j) Washing of incoming and outgoing vehicles and the water channelled to silt control
areas via temporary drains.

k) Temporary drains to be constructed to drain run offs, channelled to silt controls / traps
before being discharged to existing drains or waterways

l) Ensure adherence to the noise exposure levels during excavation works.

m) Maintenance of machinery and truck shall be carried at a proper machinery

maintenance yard to avoid any spillage of oil.

8.3 Contractual Requirement

a) Environmental quality Act, 1974.

8.4 Emergency Procedure

a) Environmental Contingency Plan.

b) Emergency response Procedure

c) Emergency Response Team.

9.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE

9.1 Contractual Requirement

a) Project Quality Plan and Procedures.

9.2 Inspection and Testing

a) ITP and Method Statement.

9.3 Follow up and Evaluation

a) Quality Control Inspection Checklist.

10.0 APPENDICES

a) Risk Assessment (7.1)

b) Emergency Procedure (8.4):

i. ERP - Organization Chart Figure 7.1

 ii. Emergency Response Level Table 7.2

iii. Key Member of ERT and Responsibilities Table 7.3

c) Quality Control Inspection Checklist (9.3):

i. Request for Inspection (RFI)

ii. Survey control and setting out

iii. Earthwork (Replacement of unsuitable material)

iv. Earthwork (Cutting)

v. Earthwork (Backfilling)