TEENAGE PREGNANCY: CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS IN

BARANGAY SABANG BAO

This paper is presented to the faculty of ACLC College Ormoc

In partial requirements for Practical Research 1

BY:
Alayon, Carmela G.
Cabaron, Ruzzane
Casunggay, Nash T.
Delos Reyes, Mark Kenneth G.
Taborada, Hanzel C.

June, 2022
 Table of Contents Page

Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................3

Objectives…..................................................................................................4

Statement of the Problem ..............................................................................4

Variables ........................................................................................................5

Background of the Study................................................................................5

Conceptual Framework ............................................... ..................................6

Definition of Terms ........................................................................................7

Significance of the Study ................... ............................................................7

Research Hypothesis........................................................................................8

Chapter 3: Research Methodology .................................................................................9

Research Design ..............................................................................................10

Participant/Sample...........................................................................................10

Research Timeline ...........................................................................................11

Ethical Issues....................................................................................................11

Setting................................................................................................................12

Study Instruments..............................................................................................12
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

This research will be conducting about the TEENAGE PREGNANCY: CAUSES AND

SOLUTIONS IN BARANGAY SABANG BAO. The Philippines has one of the highest teenage

pregnancy rates among the ASEAN member states. More than 500 adolescents are becoming

pregnant and giving birth every day. The teenage pregnancy rate in the Philippines was 10% in

2008, down to 9% in 2017. Live births by teenage mothers (aged 10-19) in 2016 totalled

203,085, which slightly decreased to 196,478 in 2017 and 183,000 in 2018. Still, the Philippines

has one of the highest adolescent birth rates among the ASEAN Member States. Teenage

pregnancy affects 5.99 percent of Filipino girls which is the second highest rate in Southeast

Asia based on Save the Children’s Global Childhood Report (2019). In 2019, the Philippines

National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) declared the number of teenage

pregnancies a "national social emergency". Rodrigo Duterte, the President of the Philippines,

realized the urgency as the Commission on Population and Development in 2019 recorded that

almost seven girls, aged ten to fourteen, gave birth everyday- 2,411 girls that year. An estimated

538 babies are born to Filipino teenage mothers every single day, according to Philippine

Statistical Authority (2017). Complication of the child birth and unsafe abortion are among the

main causes of death for women under 20. Early teenage pregnancy can cause severe health

problems for both the mother and child it can carries also a social stigma that leads to a high risk

of poverty, illiteracy, or lower education levels. Early childbearing may result in poor health

outcomes and may be a threat to the country's economic growth. Pregnant adolescents are less

likely to complete higher education and have lesser ability to earn more income over the course

of a lifetime, causing economic losses to the country. Teenagers will benefit from this study,

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to know what are the consequences that they will encounter of being early motherhood and what

are some process that can help to solve or to prevent early pregnancy in Barangay Sabang Bao.

Objectives
The purpose of the study is to assess the causes of TP (Teenage Pregnancy). This study

aims to determine what are the factors or causes and the way of solving the problem regarding of

the issue in Teenage Pregnancy in the specified area. The study determined the preferences of the

causes and solutions of teenage pregnancy in Barangay Sabang Bao.

Specifically, it aims to the following objectives:

I. To determine the factors of teenage pregnancy in Barangay Sabang Bao.

II. To analyze the risks of teenage mothers in the community.

III. To find solutions of teenage pregnancy in Barangay Sabang Bao.

Statement of the Problem

They could gain insight about their situation and be aware of their responsibilities as both

parent and student. Students. They will gain deeper understanding about the reality of student

mothers and most importantly for them to learn about the experiences of student mothers. This

study aims to determine what are the factors and the way of solving the problem regarding of the

issue in Teenage Pregnancy.

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The research will ask the following questions:

1. What are the experiences of student mothers?

2. What’s the consequence of having so many teen pregnancies in the country?

3. What are some of the struggles that teenage mothers face?

VARIABLES (INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT)

In this research the Independent Variable is Teenage Pregnancy because it is the main

idea and subject of this research. The dependent variable is the Causes and Solutions of Teenage

Pregnancy in Barangay Sabang Bao it is the item that the researcher is measuring for this study.

Background of the Study

Teenage pregnancy is a global issue raising concerns for all who are interested in the

health and well-being of young women and their children. It carries major health and social

issues with unique medical and psychosocial consequences for both adolescents and society in

general. Teenage conception has been identified in medical literature as a problem for society

and teenagers. Early motherhood and its impact on mothers, children, families and communities

is a prevalent health challenge in developing countries that needs to be urgently explored. The

aim of this study was exploring the causes and solutions of teenage pregnancy during the

transition to early motherhood.

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Conceptual Framework

The primary box incorporates the experiences and demanding situations of early motherhood.

The second box contains the literature of the conceptual framework.

The third box carries the idea or theory of the study.

TEENAGE PREGNANCY

Teen mothers face Every year, an One prediction of the

many physical, estimated 21 million theory is that girls
psychological, social girls aged 15-19 years who grow up in
and spiritual in developing regions households where
challenges. A constant become pregnant and there is great
need for support and approximately 12 emotional stress, and
training, inability to million of the give especially where the
planning and decision birth. Adolescents who father is absent, will
making, lack of may want to avoid undergo puberty at an
maternal skills pregnancies may not be earlier age than other
encountering unknown able to do so due to girls.
situations and major knowledge gaps and
changes, high risk misconceptions on
pregnancy and birth. where to obtain
contraceptive methods
and how to use them.

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Definition of Terms

Teenage Pregnancy

 is defined as occurring between thirteen and nineteen years of age. There are, however,

girls as young as ten who are sexually active and occasionally become pregnant and give birth.

The vast majority of teenage births in the United States occurs among girls between fifteen and

nineteen years of age.

Teenager

 person ages from 13-19 yrs.

STD

 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Diseases & Related Conditions. STDs during

Pregnancy.

Significance of the Study

This study will be greatly important to the following:

Teenagers. As of now many teenage girls under age of 20 got pregnant for the reason of

that is less of care, love of the family some of it is poverty, gender inequalities, gender-based

violence, substance use, poor access to contraceptives and issues with termination of pregnancy.

Teenagers will benefit from this study is to know what are the consequences that they will

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encounter of being early motherhood and what are some process that can help to solve or to

prevent early pregnancy.

Parents. To some parents, the news that you're having a baby will feel like a terrible

crisis. Depending on their beliefs, cultural values, or personalities, parents might feel shame,

guilt, or embarrassment. They might feel angry and assign blame. Sometimes parents scream,

yell, and use putdowns. This will help them to educate their offspring whether if pregnant or not,

that being an early motherhood is very controversial in human life. This will lead them to guide

themselves financially for aspect of their daughter.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS AND/OR QUESTIONS

It is hypothesized that the majority will view teenage pregnancy as a problem; negative in

terms of educational achievement and employment goals. In addition, it is hypothesized that the

adolescent’s attitudes toward teenage pregnancy will differ according to their socio-economic

status. Teenage pregnancies are more likely to occur in poor, uneducated rural areas. Teenage

pregnancy is caused by a lot of things such as lack of sexual education, poor medical help and

therefore expensive contraceptives or none given at government health care facilities.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

I. What are the health risks of teenage pregnancy?

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 Teens often don’t get prenatal care soon enough, one of the many reasons pregnant teens

and their babies are at higher risk of health problems than older pregnant women. Teens younger

than age 15 are especially vulnerable to anemia, or low blood iron, and pregnancy-related high

blood pressure.

II. Why do teens want to have babies?

Researchers now know that certain factors teenager girls choose early motherhood over

other goals. These include poverty, school failure, a mother or sister who was a teen mother and

living in a dangerous neighborhood.

III. How does teenage pregnancy affect teen mothers?

Teens are at a higher risk for pregnancy-related high blood pressure (preeclampsia) and

its complications than average age mothers. Risks for the baby include premature birth and low

birth weight. Preeclampsia can also harm the kidneys or even be fatal for mother or baby.

METHODOLOGY

This contains the method used in the study particularly the discussion of the research

design, research respondents, research instrument, research setting, research timeline, study

instruments and significance of the study. There are some parts of the Methodology that are not

specified in the study.

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Research Design

The study used a Phenomenological and Action Research design which is focused on

describing “TEENAGE PREGNANCY: CAUSES AND SOLUTION IN BARANGGAY

SABANG BAO” the researchers use qualitative research. This research made use of descriptive

employing correlational and developmental methods of research. Best (1990) cited that

descriptive research is a method that involves describing, analyzing, and interpreting conditions

that exist. It involves an element of interpretation of the meaning of significance of what is

described, combined with comparison and contrast involving measurements, classification,

interpretation, and evaluation (Fistinger, 2004). This method of research is known to be the most

applicable for this study for the purpose of presenting the data gathered in the survey

questionnaire conducted that are concerned to the extent of TEENAGE PREGNANCY:

CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS IN BARANGAY SABANG BAO involving family, peers,

community, and the educational development of students. The perception of the teenager to the

effects of causes of teenage pregnancy were limited to educational development only.

Participant/Sample size

The respondents/participants of the study are random person on social media, the study

requires 50+ participants. we have a total of 53 respondents, Who have knowledge about teenage

pregnancy. The researchers carried out the questionnaire on social media and look for 50

contributors to sight the statistics for the study. The researchers used Purposeful Sampling that

qualitative researchers use to recruit contributors who can offer in-intensity and exact statistics

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approximately the phenomenon below investigation. The researcher seeks to study grade-12

students` perceptions of this study.

Timeline

Target Date Task and “To do list” Date Completed

Choosing the topic/title

May 02, 2022 “Teenage Pregnancy” May 04, 2022

Gathering 50 respondents
May 05, 2022 May 08, 2022

Organizing Ideas about the

May 09, 2022 research topic and finding May 15, 2022
data
Encoding the research data
May 16, 2022 May 27, 2022

Revising/Re-encoding the
June 17, 2022 research paper June 18, 2022

Submitting the research

June 20, 2022 proposal June 20, 2022

Ethical Issues

The ethical issues surrounding the topic may include further questions about the

perspectives of other members of the general population and may lead to further discussion

surrounding topics not covered in this study. The survey is limited to the data and purposes

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collected. It is continuously monitored, calibrated, and revised to increase the credibility and

reliability of the study.

Funding/budget

The researchers provide a laptop and 100 pesos compensation for data gathering,

encoding, and printing the data gathered. The 100 pesos compensation is for the research

proposal and research output, 50 pesos for the research proposal and 50 pesos for the research

output. The researchers were approached and asked to provide the given necessities for this

research and they all agree in the contribution with no hesitation and dilemmas.

Setting

The researchers conducted this research through social media to follow the health

protocols due to covid-19 pandemic. The researchers personally gave the questionnaire to the

subjects/ respondents through social media due to pandemic. The people in social media were

approached to participate and cooperate in the research. They were assured that their

participation or non-participation to the study would not affect their care.

Study instruments

The researcher’s utilized a laptop to accumulate up and collect data of our research. We

find sources from Google Scholar, the researcher’s used Google form to make a survey for our

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questionnaire for us to amass information’s and to ken the perspective of our respondents in

regards to teenage pregnancy.

Quality Control

The researchers are careful of conducting the study to amplify the reliability of the study

and also, the data or privacy of the place are held confidentially. It will not compromise the

privacy of the individuals involved in data gathering. The survey is limited to the data and

purposes collected. It is continuously monitored, calibrated, and revised to increase the

credibility and reliability of the study.

REFERENCE LIST

1. Salvador, J. T., Sauce, B. R. J., Alvarez, M. O. C., & Rosario, A. B. (2016). The

Phenomenon of Teenage Pregnancy in the Philippines. European Scientific Journal, ESJ,

12(32), 173.

https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n32p173

2. Sherpa, Tashi, "210— Factors Affecting Teenage Pregnancy in the Philippines" (2021).

GREAT Day. 112.

https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/great-day-symposium/great-day-2021/posters-2021/112

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 3. Wolfish MG. Teenage pregnancy. Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille

Canadien. 1984 Apr;30:903-907. PMID: 21279043; PMCID: PMC2154066.

4. Jewkes R, Morrell R, Christofides N. Empowering teenagers to prevent pregnancy:

lessons from South Africa. Cult Health Sex. 2009;11(7):675–88.

https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-016-0170-8

5. Sultan C (ed): Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Evidence-Based Clinical

Practice. 2nd, revised and extended edition. Endocr Dev. Basel, Karger, 2012, vol

22, pp 302–331

https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/11/27/2059656/teen-pregnancy-national-social-

emergency

6. Jonas, K., Crutzen, R., van den Borne, B. et al. Teenage pregnancy rates and associations

with other health risk behaviours: a three-wave cross-sectional study among South

African school-going adolescents. Reprod Health 13, 50 (2016).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-016-0170-8

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7. European Scientific Journal November 2016 edition vol.12, No.32 ISSN: 1857 – 7881

(Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431

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