9

11
TLE- HE - HAIRDRESSING
Quarter 3 Module 1

FUNDAMENTALS OF
HAIRCUTTING
TLE – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 Module 1: Fundamentals of Haircutting
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jocelyn Bahandi Dizon
Editor: Madelfa R. Carillo
Reviewers: Cristy R. Acson
Typesetter: Madelfa R. Carillo
Layout Artist: Ivah Mae C. Estoconing
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Adolf P. Aguilar, TM, Ed.D Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay, Ed.D
Antonio B. Baguio, Jr., Ed.D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
 9

HE
Quarter 3 Module 1
Fundamentals of
Haircutting
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the HE Hairdressing Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

to Fundamentals of Haircutting!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the HE Hairdressing Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Fundamentals of Haircutting!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

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 This will give you an idea of the skills or
What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is It
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you understand the fundamentals of haircutting. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

After going through this module, learners are expected to:

K: know the fundamental principles of haircutting;
S: perform the steps in hair blocking and sectioning;
A: value the importance of the fundamental principles in haircutting.

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 What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on the
activity sheet.

1. Is a technique of drawing a representation of something on a flat

surface, so that it appears to have depth and distance.
A. Perspective C. Elevation
B. Dimension D. Distribution of Weight

2. Refers to the properties of an object in terms of height, width, and

depth.
A. Perspective C. Elevation
B. Dimension D. Distribution of Weight

3. Weight can be distributed upward or downward depending on your

elevation.
A. Perspective C. Elevation
B. Dimension D. Distribution of Weight

4. Is the lifting of hair from its natural fall or position on the head.
A. Perspective C. Elevation
B. Dimension D. Distribution of Weight

5. This technique uses 0 degree or minimal elevation, keeps maximum

weight at the bottom the hair (perimeter) and all lengths finish at the
same plane.
A. Tapering C. Graduation
B. Thinning D. One length

6. The moving of the hair from its natural fall. The opposite of elevation.
A. Dimension C. Body Position
B. Overdirection D. One length

7. It is a lower body position where Knees should be slightly bent, and

your weight centered.
A. Lunge Position C. First Position
B. Crossover One D. Crossover Two

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 8. It is the widest area of the head, starting at the temples and ending at
the bottom of the crown.
A. Parietal Ridge C. Apex
B. Occipital Bone D. Four Corners

9. Also known as fringe area that is a triangular section that begins at

the apex and ends at the front corners.
A. Bang Area C. Crown
B. Nape D. Sides

10. This line is used to create one-length and low-elevation haircuts.

A. Horizontal line C. Curve line
B. Diagonal Line D. Vertical line
.

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 Lesson
FUNDAMENTALS OF
1 HAIRCUTTING

One of the most important parts of our body that reflect our
personality is our hair. The way we dress, our haircut, and our style all reveal
the type of person we are. But, unlike other parts of our body that we try to
maintain and upkeep, hair is the most neglected portion of our bodies. Most
of us do not feel bothered about our hair until the time it starts looking
terrible. We believe that our hairstyle is fine if we have hair on our heads, but
what we do not realize is that we are missing out on the opportunity to
enhance our charisma and look by not selecting the right hairstyle.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners. The following
are information that would lead to the activities
and assessment. Some activities may need your
own discretion upon checking, or you may use
rubric if provided. Please review the activities
and answer keys and amend if necessary.

What’s In

Why it is important to know the fundamentals of haircutting?

What are the things to be considered before performing haircutting?

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 What’s New

Can you tell what haircutting technique is being used of the pictures below?

1. _____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. __________________

What is It

FUNDAMENTALS IN HAIRCUTTING

Six Principles in Haircutting

1. Perspective
2. Dimension
3. Distribution of Weight
4. Elevation
5. Over-Direction
6. Body Position

Let us explore each one in depth.

1. PERSPECTIVE - is a technique of drawing a representation of

something on a flat surface, so that it appears to have depth and
distance.

There are 2 perspective:

Vertical
 Consists of the profile, facial features, front, sides and back of the
head.
 Used to check for balance and symmetry and how high to lift the
hair.

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 Horizontal
 Aerial view: shows the shape of the hair cut when all the hair is
lifted straight out from the head.
 Referred to as a “bird’s eye view.”

2. DIMENSION – refers to the properties of an object in terms of

 Height
 Width
 Depth.

Looking at an object with both vertical and horizontal perspective.

Vertical perspective = height = elevation

Horizontal perspective = width = over-direction

Depth = Length of hair

 Can be short, medium and long

3. DISTRIBUTION OF WEIGHT
 Weight can be distributed upward or downward depending on
your elevation.
 Weight can also be distributed forward or backward depending
on over-direction.
 Characteristics of hair such as (i) texture and (ii) density of the
hair could also affect the distribution of weight.

4. ELEVATION - is the lifting of hair from its natural fall or position on

the head.

Elevation = Distribution of weight upward or downward = Technique

Three techniques are:

 One length (same plane)
 Graduation (longer on top)
 Layers (shorter on top)

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 One Length
This technique uses:
 0 degree or minimal elevation
 keeps maximum weight at the bottom of
the hair (perimeter)
 all lengths finish at the same plane

Graduation
This technique uses:
 1°- 89° of elevation
 builds weight
 Hair is longer toward the top with shorter
pieces at the bottom.

Layers
This technique:
 uses 90° and above elevation
 removes weight with shorter pieces
at the top and longer at the bottom

5. OVER-DIRECTION
 the moving of the hair from its natural fall
 distributing weight side to side as well as forward and
backward.
 Shape is viewed from a bird’s eye view.

Over-direction = Distributing Weight

Froward or Backward or Evenly = Shape
Distance = Length

There are 3 shapes:

 Round
 Triangular
 Square

Round
 This shape is shorter in the front and longer in the back.
 Weight is distributed backward.
 Over-directing the hair forward from its natural position.
 Hair cut begins at the front of the head.

Triangle
 This shape is longer in the front and shorter in the back.
 Weight is distributed forward.
 Over-directing the hair backward from its natural position.
 Hair cut begins at the back.

Square
 This shape appears to have even lengths on all sides.

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  Weight is distributed evenly.
 Over-directing the hair both forward and backward from its
natural position.
 Hair cut begins at the flatter parts of the head (sides, back or
top).

6. BODY POSITIONS

A. Upper body
 Arm and hands
 Elevation which controls technique
Elevation = Technique = Upper Body Position

B. Lower body
 Where and how you stand as well as move around the guest.
 Controlled by your feet.

How you are using your upper and lower body when cutting hair and
moving around the head.

Over-direction = Shape = Lower body position

UPPER BODY POSITIONS

Finger angle This should mirror your sub-section angle.

Cutting Below the Used for control when cutting a one length
Finger below the shoulder and graduation. Low
elevation.

Cutting Over the Used for greater control when elevating hair
Fingers in the upper portion of the head. Also use for
layering.

Tension Amount of pressure used when holding or

stretching the hair.

Palm to Palm For control when working on the lower half

of the head. Used with graduation, layering
and shorter lengths.

LOWER BODY POSITIONS

Straight with your feet hip width apart.

First Position - Knees should be slightly bent, and your weight
centered.
- Shoulders should be relaxed and away from
your ears.

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 - Stand with the section you are working on
in front of you.

Lower your body while keeping your back

straight.
- Lower your perspective to observe the cutting
line.
The Lunge Position
- Used with one length above the shoulder.
- Non dominant leg in front with a slight bend at
the knee; dominant leg thrust backward with
foot turned out slightly.
- Weight is distributed evenly between both legs.

- Stand on a diagonal with feet slightly wider

than shoulder width apart.
Crossover One - Your upper body will be straight.
- Shoulders should be relaxed and away from
your ears.
- Best position to cut will be to shift your weight
to your non-dominant leg bending your knee.

- Shift your non dominate leg across your body

so that it is in front of your dominate leg.
Crossover Two - Stand on a diagonal.
- Adjust the foot on your dominant leg so that
you are balanced, and your weight is
distributed evenly.

- Maintain consistency on either side of the head.

- This position is primarily used with longer
The Step lengths.
- One foot remains stationary while the other
steps out.

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 How the PRINCIPLES all related?

Vertical Perspective Horizontal Perspective

= =
Technique Width
= =
Height Distribution of Weight
Forward or Backward
=
=
Distribution of Weight
Upward or Downward Over-Direction
= =
Elevation Shape
= =
Upper Body Position Lower Body Position

Good haircuts begin with an understanding of the shape of the head,

referred to as the head form, also known as head shape. Hair responds
differently on various areas of the head, depending on the length and the
cutting technique used. Being aware of where the head form curves, turns,
and changes will help you achieve the look that you and your client
are seeking.

REFERENCE POINTS
Reference points - are points on the head it changes shape. These points
are used to establish design lines.
a) Parietal Ridge - Is the widest area of the head,
starting at the temples and ending at the bottom
of the crown. This area is easily found by placing
a comb flat on the side of the head: the parietal
ridge is found where the head starts to curve
away from the comb. The parietal ridge is also
referred to as the crest area.

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 b) Occipital Bone - The bone that protrudes at the
base of the skull. To find the occipital bone,
simply feel the back of the skull or place a comb
flat against the nape and find where the comb
leaves the head.

c) Apex - This is the highest point on the top of the

head. This area is easily located by placing a
comb flat on the top of the head. The comb will
rest on that highest point.

d) Four Corners
1. Placing two combs flat against the side and
back, and then locating the back corner at the point where the two
combs meet.
2. Making two diagonal lines crossing the apex of the head, which then
point directly to the front and back corners.

You will not necessarily use every reference point for every haircut, but
it is important to know where they are. The location of the four corners, for
example, signals a change in the shape of the head from flat to round and vice
versa. This change in the surface can have a significant effect on the outcome
of the haircut. For example, the two front corners represent the widest points
in the bang area. Cutting past these points can cause the bang to end up on
the sides of the haircut once it is dry, creating an undesirable result.
UNDERSTANDING THE HEAD SHAPE AND REFERENCE POINTS WILL
HELP YOU IN:

 Finding balance within the design, so that both sides of the haircut
turn out the same.

 Developing the ability to create the same haircut consistently.

 Showing where and when it is necessary to change technique to make

up for irregularities (such as a flat crown) in the head form Standard
reference points are defined below.

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AREAS OF THE HEAD
 Top. By locating the parietal ridge, you can find the hair that grows on
the top of the head. This hair lies on the head shape. Hair that grows
below the parietal ridge, or crest, hangs because of gravity. You can
locate the top by parting the hair at the parietal ridge and continuing
all the way around the head.

 Front. By making a parting or drawing a line from the apex to the back
of the ear, you can separate the hair that naturally falls in front of the
ear from the hair behind the ear. Everything that falls in front of the ear
is considered the front.

 Sides. The sides are easy to locate. They include all hair from the back
of the ear forward, below the parietal ridge.

 Crown. The crown is the area between the apex and the back of the
parietal ridge. On many people, the crown is flat and the site of cowlicks
or whorls. Because of this, it is extremely important to pay special
attention to this area when haircutting.

 Nape. The nape is the area at the back part of the neck and consists of
the hair below the occipital bone. The nape can be located by taking a
horizontal parting, or by making a horizontal line across the back of the
head at the occipital bone.

 Back. By making a parting or drawing a line from the apex to the back
of the ear, you can locate the back of the head, which consists of all the
hair that falls naturally behind the ear. When you have identified the
front, you have also identified the back.

 Bang area, also known as fringe area. The bang area is a triangular
section that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners. This area
can be located by placing a comb on top of the head so that the middle
of the comb is balanced on the apex. The spot where the comb leaves
the head in front of the apex is where the bang area begins. Note that
the bang area, when combed into a natural falling position, falls no
farther than the outer corners of the eyes.

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 LINES AND ANGLES

Every haircut is made up of lines and angles. A line is a thin continuous

mark used as a guide. An angle is the space between two lines or surfaces
that intersect at a given point. The two basic lines used in haircutting are
straight and curved. The head itself is made up of curved and straight lines.
Cutting lines into the hair makes the hair fall into a shape.
THREE TYPES OF LINES

 Horizontal lines

These are parallel to the horizon or the floor. It directs

the eye from one side to the other. It builds weight. They
are used to create one-length and low-elevation
haircuts.

 Vertical lines
These are usually described in terms of up and down
and are perpendicular to the floor; they are the opposite
of horizontal. Removes weight to create graduated or
layered haircuts and are used with higher elevations.

 Diagonal lines

These are between horizontal and vertical. They have a

slanting or sloping direction. Used to create fullness in
a haircut and to blend long layers into short layers.

 Beveling and stacking are techniques using

diagonal lines to create angles by cutting the ends of
the hair with a slight increase or decrease in length.
Angles are important elements in creating a strong
foundation and consistency in haircutting because
this is how shapes are created.

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 IMPORTANCE OF HAIR CONTOL
A. Hair Elevation
Is the up and down (vertical) movement of hair. Whether you take a
section that is horizontal, vertical, or diagonal, the hair within those sections
must always travel up or down to control your elevation.
For control during haircutting, the hair is parted into uniform working
areas called sections. Each section may be divided into smaller partings called
subsections. A part or parting is the line dividing the hair at the scalp,
separating one section of hair from another, creating subsections. Elevation,
also known as projection or lifting, is the angle or degree at which a subsection
of hair is held, or elevated, from the head when cutting. Elevation creates
graduation and layers and is usually described in degrees. In a blunt or one-
length haircut, there is no elevation (0 degrees). Elevation occurs when you
lift any section of hair above 0 degrees. If a haircut is not a single length, you
can be sure that elevation was used. When a client brings in a picture of a
haircut she would like, you should be able to look at the picture and
determine what elevations were used. Once you understand the effects of
elevation, you can create any shape you desire. The most commonly used
elevations are 45 and 90 degrees. The more you elevate the hair, the more
graduation you create. When the hair is elevated below 90 degrees, you are
building weight. When you elevate the hair at 90 degrees or higher, you are
removing weight, or layering the hair. The length of the hair also affects the
end result. The weight of longer hair often makes it appear heavier or less
layered. You will usually need to use less elevation on curly hair than on
straighter textures, or leave the hair a bit longer because of shrinkage, which
is when hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss/drying.

 Cutting Line
The cutting line is the angle at which the fingers are held when
cutting the line that creates the end shape. It is also known as cutting
position, cutting angle, finger angle, and finger position. The cutting line
can be described as horizontal, vertical, diagonal, or by using degrees.

 Guidelines
A guideline is a section of hair that determines the length the hair
will be cut. Guidelines are located either at the perimeter, the outer line,
or the interior, inner or internal line, of the cut. The guideline is usually
the first section cut when creating a shape.

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 The two types of guidelines in haircutting:
1. Stationary Guideline - does not move. All other sections are combed to
the stationary guideline and cut at the same angle and
length. Used in blunt (one-length) haircuts, or in
haircuts that use over direction to create a length or
weight increase.

2. Traveling Guideline - also known as movable guideline,

moves as the haircut progresses. Are used when
creating layered or graduated haircuts. The guideline
travels with you as you work through the haircut. When
you use a traveling guide, you take a small slice of the
previous subsection and move it to the next position, or
subsection, where it becomes your new guideline.

B. Overdirection
Is the opposite to elevation. It
occurs when you comb the hair away
from its natural falling position.
Overdirection is used mostly in
graduated and layered haircuts, and
where you want to create a length
increase in the design. For example, you are working on a layered haircut and
want the hair to be longer toward the front. You can overdirect the sections
to a stationary guideline at the back of the ear. Or, if you are creating a haircut
with shorter layers around the face and longer layers in the back, you can
overdirect sections to a stationary guideline at the front.
https://college.cengage.com/cosmetology/course360/milady_0840024789/ebook/milady_9
781439059302_ch16.pdf

PRINCIPLES OF HAIR DESIGN

Face Analysis
To analyze the shape of a client’s face, pull all the hair away with a clip
or wrap the hair in a towel. Look for the widest areas, the narrowest areas,
and the balance of the features. A quick way to analyze a face shape is to
determine if it is wide or long. Look for the features that you want to bring out
and those you want to de-emphasize. By analyzing the face shape, you can
begin to make decisions about the best haircut for the client.
An important thing to remember is that weight and volume draw
attention to a specific area. For example, if a client has:

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  Wide face - a hairstyle with fuller sides makes the face appear wider,
whereas a narrower style will give length to the face.

 Long face - a hairstyle with fullness on the sides will add width.

 Narrow forehead - add visual width by increasing volume or weight in

that area.

To balance out face shapes or draw the eye away from certain features,
you need to add or remove weight or volume in other areas.
Another important point to consider is the client’s profile, or how she looks
from the side. Turn the chair so you can see your client’s profile. Pull the hair
away from the face and up and away from the neck. What do you see? Look
for features to emphasize, such as a nice jawline or lovely neck. Look also for
features to de-emphasize, such as a prominent or receding chin, a double
chin, or an overly large nose. The haircut you choose should flatter the client
by emphasizing good features and taking attention away from features that
are not as flattering. For example, if a client has:
 Prominent Chin - balance the shape by adding volume or weight above
or below the chin line.

 Prominent nose - balance the shape of the profile by adding weight and
fullness to the back of the head and bang area.

Hair Analysis
Four characteristics that determine the behavior of the hair:
1. Growth patterns and hairlines
2. Density
3. Texture
4. Elasticity

1. GROWTH PATTERNS AND HAIRLINES

Both the hairline and growth patterns are important to examine. The
hairline is the hair that grows at the outermost perimeter along the face,
around the ears, and on the neck. The growth pattern is the direction in which
the hair grows from the scalp, also referred to as natural fall or natural falling
position. Cowlicks, whorls, and other growth patterns affect where the hair
ends up once it is dry.
PROPERTIES OF THE HAIR AND SCALP
You may need to use less tension when cutting these areas to
compensate for hair being pushed up when it dries, especially in the nape, or
to avoid getting a hole around the ear in a one length haircut. Another crucial
area is the crown. (There may be some wild things going on up there!)

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2. HAIR DENSITY
Hair density is the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch
of scalp. It is usually described as thin, medium, or thick.

3. HAIR TEXTURE
Hair texture is based on the thickness or diameter of each hair strand,
usually classified as coarse, medium, and fine. A fine hair strand is much
skinnier than a coarse hair strand. A client may, in fact, have fine-textured
hair with a thick density, meaning that the individual hairs are fine, but that
there are a lot of them. Or a client may have coarse texture but thin density,
meaning the individual hairs are fatter, but they are spaced farther apart.

Density and texture are important because the different hair types
respond differently to the same type of cutting. Some hair types need more
layers, and some need more weight. For example, coarse hair tends to stick
out more, especially if it is cut too short; fine hair, though, can be cut to
very short lengths and still lies flat. However, if a client has fine (texture)
and thin (density) hair, cutting too short can result in the scalp showing
through.

4. ELASTICITY
It refers to how long a single strand of hair can stretch before it returns
to its normal state. To find out what the elasticity of your hair is, wet a strand
of hair and stretch it as much as you can. This will determine whether your
hair falls under high, medium, or low elasticity.

The elasticity of the hair affects the way you handle the hair when
cutting it, since when the hair is wet it is easily stretched and will
revert to its normal state when it dries again. A strand of hair can
stretch as much as 2-1/2 times its length before breaking when it has
good elasticity.

WAVE PATTERN
The wave pattern, or the amount of movement in the hair strand, varies
from client to client, as well as within the same head of hair. A client may
have completely straight hair (no wave), wavy hair, curly hair, extremely curly

17
hair, or anything in between. Imagine the same haircut cut at the same length
on different types of hair:
The hair's wave pattern is different from the other elements of hair
analysis because its classifications have no reference to the health of the hair.
The classifications for wave pattern are straight, curly, very curly, and coiled.
Hair with absolutely no wave in its length is straight hair.

Haircutting shears Texturizing shears Razors

Also known as scissors, Mainly used to remove

are mainly used to cut bulk from the hair. They
blunt or straight lines are sometimes referred
in hair. They may also to as thinning shears,
be used to slide cut, tapering shears, or
point cut, or to notching shears. A Straight razors or
implement other general rule of thumb is feather blades are
texturizing techniques. that the more teeth in mainly used when a
the shear, the less hair softer effect on the ends
is removed per cut. of the hair is desired. It
can be used to create an
entire haircut, to thin
hair out, or to texturize
in certain areas.
Clippers Trimmer Sectioning Clips

Mainly used when A smaller version of These come in a variety

creating short haircuts, clippers, also known as of shapes, styles, and
short tapers, fades, and edgers is used to sizes and can be made
flat tops. It may be used remove excess or of plastic or metal. In
without a guard to unwanted hair at the general, two types are
shave hair right to the neckline and around used: jaw or butterfly
scalp, with cutting the ears, and to create clips and duckbill clips.
guards of various crisp outlines. Both come in large and
lengths, and for the Generally used on small sizes.
men’s haircuts and very

18
clipper-over-comb short haircuts for
technique. women.
Wide-tooth Comb Tail Comb Barber Comb

This tool is mainly used Used for close tapers on

This comb is mainly to section and the nape and sides
used to detangle hair subsection the hair. when using the scissor
but is rarely used when over-comb technique.
performing a haircut. The narrow end of the
comb allows the shears
to get very close to the
head.

Styling or Cutting Haircutting Cape Blending Shears

Comb

A blending or thinning
An all-purpose comb, shear typically has
evenly spaced teeth on
this tool is used for
most haircutting Keep your guests one side and a straight
comfortable and blunt blade on the
procedures. It can be 6
to 8 inches long and protected while you other. It is used to
create beautiful styles. remove weight and
has fine teeth at one
Your cape is the first blend the hair.
end and wider teeth at
the other. tool you reach for
during an appointment.
It should be durable,
attractive, and
professional. This
protects your guest
from water, bleach, and
chemicals.

Blow Dryer Curling Iron Paddle Brush

A hair dryer or blow

dryer is an
electromechanical Is commonly used in Is a large, flat, and wide
device that blows curling hair. However, it hairbrush with an air-
ambient or hot air over can also be used to filled cushion and has
damp hair to speed the straighten hair or to plastic bristles, which

19
evaporation of water to warm hair for easier
dry the hair. styling. Wig makers
may use curling irons to
create waves in both
natural and synthetic
wigs. helps it bend and move
to the contours of your
head. Its flexibility is
perfect for detangling
and smoothing out hair.
Water Bottle Round Brush Texture Iron

Is designed to change
For lightly misting or the texture of your hair,
quickly saturating the which results in 3x
hair before haircutting more volume. When
Used for a blow-dry hair texture is changed,
session. Round brushes it becomes more pliable
inherently enhance and easier to work with
volume, curls, and – perfect for fine hair
waves, especially at the that lies limp. After the
roots. The smaller the hair has been textured,
barrel, the tighter the simply brush out with a
waves. styling brush, and
watch the volume
appear.

STEPS IN SECTIONING THE HAIR

1. Start by parting hair down the middle from front to back.
2. Tip: Place your other hand at the base of the neck as a guide, your
hands naturally want to come together.
3. Comb hair to get out any tangles.
4. Start the first section by combing from middle part to top of the ear,
twirling and clipping in place.
5. Move then to the back lower section directly underneath, then to the
other side to repeat.
You may view this link for additional information:
 https://youtu.be/hm6Z3z15etQ
 https://youtu.be/2yg5X26NybM

HAIRCUTTING TECHNIQUES

 Tapering - Reduce both the lengths and the thickness of the hair. It is
done on dry hair, unlike club-cutting, the hair is cut underneath the

20
 fingers. Pointing and texturizing can be used to achieve feathered effects
and to soften hard lines created by club cutting.

 Layering - Creates different lengths that lay one on top of the other. It
helps create movement and make hairstyles lighter and cooler to wear.

 Undercutting - Generally refers to any men's haircut that leaves length

on top while the back and sides, in contrast, are closely cut, faded, or
even completely buzzed as we know it from the buzz cut.

 Slithering – A process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with

shears; cutting the hair with a sliding movement of the shears while
keeping the blades partially opened; also called effilating.

 Shingling –Using a leave-in conditioner, curling cream, or gel to

separate and define each individual curl. This results in maximum curl
definition, minimum frizz, and bouncy, elongated curls.

 Thinning - It is these 'teeth' that gives a barber or hairdresser the

ability to cut off less hair per stroke than they would ordinarily with
standard hairdressing scissors.

BASIC HAIR CUTTING TECHNIQUES

One Length - also known as blunt cut, zero-elevation cut, or no-elevation

cut; all hair comes to single hanging level, forming a weight line;
cutting line can be horizontal, diagonal, or rounded; cut with a
stationary guide; excellent for fine or thinner hair types (appears
thicker).

Short Cut – Generally short on the back and sides of the head and slightly
longer on the top and very short bangs. It is a variant of a crop.

Long Graduation - Is one in which the inside layers are shorter than the
outside lengths. When you create a long graduated-layer look,
the hair must gradually get longer. The top layers should be held
out at 90° (like a uniform hair cut) the back and sides are pulled
up to 180° meeting the top layers.

21
 What’s More

Direction: Draw a thinking map. Write the different tools of haircutting and their
uses inside the box.

Haircutting Tools

TOOLS USES

What I Have Learned

Direction: Write at least a two-paragraph essay about your learning on this

lesson/module using the following guide phrases.

I have learned that

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I have realized that
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I will apply
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

22
 What I Can Do

Perform the steps in hair sectioning.

Instruction:

1. Follow the steps on hair sectioning.

2. Written report on the activity of your PRACTICUM.

 Write the NAME, SEX, AGE and ADDRESS of your clientele.

 Any difficulties or problems encountered during the activity.
 Any solutions made to resolve the problem.

3. Take videos or pictures on how you handle your client.

4. Place your written report and pictures on your portfolio (long folder).

POINTS RUBRIC IN CASUAL AND FORMAL HAIRSTYLE

Submitted on time, clean and attractive with parent’s
signature. Not more than 1 error. Has good workmanship in
50 general appearance, correct procedure on HAIR SECTIONING,
with PPE, and keeping the area clean
Submitted on time, ready made without parent’s signature.
With 3-4 errors. Has good workmanship in general
40 appearance, correct procedure in HAIR SECTIONING with
PPE but the area is cluttered.
Submitted but not on time, not clean, not attractive and
without parent’s signature. With more than 5 errors. Have no
30 good workmanship in general appearance and procedure in
HAIR SECTIONING was not followed. No PPE and the area are
cluttered.
Late, and incomplete. With or without parent’s signature. Has
no good workmanship in general appearance and HAIR
20 SECTIONING procedure was not followed. No PPE and the
area are cluttered.
10 Not submitted. No assignment. No performance.

23
 Assessment

A. Direction: Encircle the words that is being described by the

following statement below the puzzle. Write your answer in your
activity sheet.

S T A T I O N A R Y D G B L
G W A S D F G S H R E Q A K
U M L K J H E G F D S C Y Q
I E X M R N T Q U O I W U W
D T A T I O N B V T H E I E
E S A L Z B W N R P O Q O R
L N M W Q W D E I Q R G P T
I Q E W Q H V K M B F H A D
N Z D O N E L E N G T H S I
E B M H K L D L Z X C V D A
S A R S Q X L A Y E R I N G
S B L T F H B S K M V A F O
M S D E N S I T Y Q L D G N
C Q A X Q W E I L U T G H A
W L S T R M Y C H A Q K J L
Q K W U U I B I M S E Q K Z
H A I R C U T T I N G T L X
R H E E G M Q Y K W H R V C
Q Q M V A W S S L M L E X V
Z L W L K M K H A V Q A C B

Across:
1. A guideline that does not move.
2. Also known as blunt cut.
3. Creates different lengths that lay one on top of the other.
4. The number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of scalp.
5. One of the hairdresser’s skills.

Down:
1. A section of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut.
2. A line that is used to create fullness in a haircut and to blend long
layers into short layers.
3. Refers to how long a single strand of hair can stretch before it
returns to its normal state.
4. Is based on the thickness or diameter of each hair strand, usually
classified as coarse, medium, and fine.

24
Diagonal
1. A line that is used to removes weight to create graduated or layered
haircuts and are used with higher elevations.

B. Modified True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and

FALSE if it is wrong and change the underlined word to make the
statement true.

If a client has:
1. Wide face, a hairstyle with fuller sides makes the face appear wider,
whereas a narrower style will give length to the face.

2. Long face, a hairstyle with fullness on the sides will add width.

3. Narrow forehead, add visual width by increasing volume or weight

in that area.

4. Prominent Chin, balance the shape by adding volume or weight

above or below the chin line.

5. Prominent nose, balance the shape of the profile by adding weight

and fullness to the back of the head and bang area.

25
 ASSESSMENT
A. Crossword Puzzle
S T A T I O N A R Y D G B L
G W A S D F G S H R E Q A K
U M L K J H E G F D S C Y Q
I E X M R N T Q U O I W U W
D T A T I O N B V T H E I E
E S A L Z B W N R P O Q O R
L N M W Q W D E I Q R G P T
I Q E W Q H V K M B F H A D
N Z D O N E L E N G T H S IReferences
E B M H K L D L Z X C V D A
S A R S Q X L A Y E R I N G
S B L T F H B S K M V A F O
M S D E N S I T Y Q L D G N
C Q A X Q W E I L U T G H A
WHAT I KNOW W L S T R M Y C H A Q K J L
1. A 6. B Q K W U U I B I M S E Q K Z
2. B 7. C H A I R C U T T I N G T L X
3. D 8. A R H E E G M Q Y K W H R V C
Q Q M V A W S S L M L E X V
4. C 9. A
Z L W L K M K H A V Q A C B
5. D 10. A
WHAT’s NEW B. Modified True or False
1. layers 1. TRUE
2. graduate 2. TRUE
3. one length 3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
Answer Key
References
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(2016). "Morbidity and Mortality in 7,684 Women According to Personal Hair
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"The Celts". www.ibiblio.org. Retrieved 27 March 2018.

"Diodorus Siculus, Library of History - Exploring Celtic

Civilizations". exploringcelticciv.web.unc.edu. Retrieved 27 March 2018.

Corbett, J. F. Hair Colorants: Chemistry and Toxicology; Micelle Press:

Dorset, U.K., 1998; Thompson, R. H. "Naturally Occurring Quinones"
Academic Press: New York, 1957.

BBC. "BBC - Radio 4 Woman's Hour -The History of Hair Dye".

Wecker, Johann Jacob (1661). Eighteen Books of the Secrets of Art & Nature.
pp. 82–84.

Jump up to:a b c d "Hair Preparations," Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial

Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
(2006). doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_571.pub2

Pointer, Sally (May 1, 2005). The Artifice of Beauty: A History and Practical
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"Schwarzkopf >COMPANY >History Milestones of success". Archived from the

original on 2015-02-17. Retrieved 2015-01-14.

Morel, Olivier J. X.; Christie, Robert M. (2011). "Current Trends in the

Chemistry of Permanent Hair Dyeing". Chemical Reviews. 111 (4): 2537–
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Wilson, Cynthia (6 August 2012). "Dip-Dye Hair Coloring Tutorial and Styles".
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https://barbarianstyle.net/importance-of-a-good-haircut/
https://slideplayer.com/slide/7925910/
https://quizlet.com/250992326/milady-chapter-16-reference-points-on-the-
head-flash-cards/
https://www.slideshare.net/AmberLitzinger/milady-chapter-16-haircutting
https://www.madison-reed.com/blog/dear-color-crew-how-do-i-section-my-
hair
Pictures:

https://www.eonline.com/news/478921/jennifer-lawrence-cut-hair-short-
because-it-was-fried-couldn-t-get-any-uglier
http://www.hairandcomb.com/adorable-katy-perry-shoulder-length-blunt-
haircut-styles-2019-to-copy-right-now/
https://depositphotos.com/80042014/stock-photo-woman-touching-her-
straight-hair.html
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/476255729349036145/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/502855114639816663/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/815081232532974442/
https://www.allthingshair.com/en-uk/hairstyles-haircuts/hairstyles-for-thin-
hair/best-haircuts-fine-straight-hair/
https://www.hairfinder.com/tools/haircuttingshears.htm
https://www.esquire.com/style/grooming/g20898909/best-razor-for-men-to-
buy-now/
https://www.flipkart.com/q/hair-clippers?page=6
https://www.pinterest.ph/9Mario9/hair-trimmers/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/740490363704062704/
https://www.hairliciousinc.com/2016/04/magic-star-seamless-jumbo-rake-
best.html
https://www.lookfantastic.com/ghd-tail-comb/10748254.html
https://redsbarbershophouston.com/product/quality-flexible-barber-comb/
https://www.absolutebeautysource.com/products/comare-401
https://www.samvilla.com/blog/must-have-hairdressing-tools-equipment-list
https://www.samvilla.com/shop/bca/reversible-cape
https://myhairdressers.com/blog/bias-haircut-tips/step-17-bias-haircut/
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

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Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

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