SCHOOL OF HOUSING, BUILDING AND PLANNING

SEMESTER 1

ACADEMIC SESSION 2022 / 2023

RQG 131 PRINCIPLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

PROJECT 1: SHOPPING COMPLEX PROJECT CONSULTATION

LECTURER:

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR NAZIRAH ZAINUL ABIDIN

BY:

NO. NAME MATRIC NUMBER

1 ALIAH NURDINAH BINTI RAZALI 164478

2 MARYAM HANINI BINTI MOHD IZWAN 164408

3 NURAZWINA SHUHADA BINTI HASNUR 163229

4 NURFAZIRAHANIM BINTI OMAR 163277

 OCTOBER, 2022

BUSINESS CASE REPORT

NONA PLANNING AND SURVEYING SDN BHD

11800 Gelugor, Penang

123-456-7890 (Office Number)

nonaplanning_surveying@work.com (Official Email)

Table of Contents

1 OVERVIEW 4
2 DISCUSSIONS 4
2.1 RESOURCES 4
2.1.1 FINANCE 4
2.1.2 MATERIAL 4
2.1.3 TECHNOLOGY 5
2.1.4 NATURAL RESOURCES 5
2.2 PEOPLE 5
2.2.1 ELECTRICIAN 5
2.2.2 ARCHITECT 6
2.2.3 QUANTITY SURVEYOR 6
2.2.4 CONTRACTOR 6
2.3 PROCESS 7
2.3.1 PLANNING 7
2.3.2 DESIGNING 7
2.3.3 CONSTRUCTING 8
2.3.4 OPERATING 8
2.4 CHALLENGES 8
2.4.1 INCREASING COST MATERIALS 9
2.4.2 LABOUR ISSUES 9
2.4.3 HEALTH AND SAFETY ASPECTS 9
2.4.4 LACK OF COLLABORATION 10
2.4.5 GREATER EXPECTATIONS FOR PROJECT PERFORMANCE 10
3 REFERENCES 11
1 OVERVIEW

A client, who is new to the construction industry, intends to develop a 3-story

shopping complex. He has no experience in the industry and thus, is still determining
what to expect from the project development. The client wants to know what he needs
to have (resources), who he might need to deal with (people) and what processes he
might encounter in this project (process). He is also unaware of the challenges he
might face in developing the shopping complex.

2 DISCUSSIONS

2.1 RESOURCES

Before beginning a project, the developer must be aware of the resources available to
ensure the project's success. The resources include finance, material, technology, and
natural resources.

2.1.1 FINANCE

In most cases, the client is the resource that contributes the most to the development
of a building. Both internal and external costs may apply, such as those associated
with land, pre-development, contribution fees, construction, and consultancy fees. The
clients can apply for a loan at the bank in addition to using their own funds to secure
money before construction starts. They can find assistance by contacting local or
federal agencies. All of this money can also be used to calculate the price of the
materials and pay the contractors and other parties participating in the project.

2.1.2 MATERIAL

The materials used in the building are important since they are the most critical thing
because they are the foundation of the building. The client must select inexpensive
building materials in order to stay within their budget. The supplier of the necessary
materials should be vigilant in keeping track of the supplies in the matter of delivery
date and location. Additionally, the quantity of the substance must be correct to
prevent unneeded problems from occurring. A backup supplier guarantees that
 projects will proceed without a hitch, even if your preferred supplier was unable to
fulfill orders for some reason.

2.1.3 TECHNOLOGY

The client can request to use technology in making their building for better outcomes.
Using technology in this industry has been proven in many previous constructions
before. For example, the usage of drones on construction sites has increased due to the
excellent impact they have on construction. Also, utilizing cost and labor data,
technology enables contractors and project managers to make decisions more quickly
and intelligently. Clients can alter the building model in real-time using intelligent
modeling to see how changes will affect labor and cost.

2.1.4 NATURAL RESOURCES

We need to research certain untapped resources, such as the availability of water and
electricity. The power supply should be taken into consideration when using a
machine in construction to make the job easier. The most crucial element on building
sites is water. Builders use water for a number of purposes. They make use of this
resource for drilling and piling, worker hydration, concrete batching, grouting, dust
suppression, soakaway testing, pond filling, and hydro-demolition. Companies might
worsen their environmental impact if they misuse this water.

2.2 PEOPLE

The people involved in this project should be the ones engaging in planning,
managing, designing, and monitoring the projects. These people are the electrician,
the architect, the quantity surveyor, and the contractor.

2.2.1 ELECTRICIAN

Electrical systems in newly constructed buildings must be installed and maintained by

construction electricians. Electricians will work on any electrical equipment for the
shopping complex buildings. They will be responsible for installing and repairing
complex electrical control, wiring, and lighting systems working from a technical
blueprint. They collaborate closely with others on the construction site, such as HVAC
 and plumbing specialists, to guarantee that all of the building's systems are operational
once it is finished. Electricians are needed throughout the project for safety reasons as
working with electricity requires someone who knows how to approach it with the
proper safety training and equipment.

2.2.2 ARCHITECT

Architect submits drawings to the local authorities on the client’s behalf for planning
and building approvals. The architect must meet with, and question, the client to work
out all the requirements of the planned project. An architect is important for this
project because he helps you decide precisely what you need and generate creative
solutions to even the most difficult design difficulties. Besides, they are also important
in every stage of a project because architects can also help improve energy efficiency,
by designing buildings that maximize natural lighting and ventilation, while reducing
the heating and cooling needs. Once construction has started, the architect will
conduct site visits, meetings, and contract negotiations, and deal with and resolve any
issues that may arise. During certain stages of the construction process, some
documents will need to be signed and approved by the architect.

2.2.3 QUANTITY SURVEYOR

A Quantity surveyor will be the one managing the costings, analyzing terms and
conditions in a contract, and preparing tender documents for the project. In the
pre-construction phase, quantity surveyors examine plans prepared by engineers and
designers, distinguish expenses involved and define a generally assessed budget plan
for each task in the project. They should ensure that the project is executed within the
estimated budget. He will assist contractors with bidding and project budgeting,
submit bills to clients, and value construction work for contractors. During the design
phase, quantity surveyors come up with practical solutions and help the design team.
A quantity surveyor is important to advise customers on the construction process and
the necessary building materials. Most crucially, a quantity surveyor is in charge of
figuring out the price of those parts as well as the overall project cost.

2.2.4 CONTRACTOR

A contractor is important to carry out works at the construction site later on as they
are in charge of overseeing any necessary adjustments while the project is being built.
 A contractor is responsible for hiring labor and workers for the project. He is also
involved in hiring subcontractors and suppliers throughout the project. Contractors are
supposed to complete the work following the time and date mentioned in the contract.
Contractors must ensure that their team is the proper size and is equipped with the
necessary technical abilities. In terms of legal and regulatory matters, contractors are
responsible for a variety of duties. Before beginning the project, they must get all
required licenses and permissions and pay any associated costs. Additionally, local
laws and building codes must be followed during the entire construction process.

2.3 PROCESS

The process of constructing the shopping complex follows the recommended

sequence of the RIBA (Royal Institution of British Architects) Plan of Work. It
consists of planning, designing, constructing, and operating a building.

2.3.1 PLANNING

A basic outline must be defined before any project can start. A study might be carried
out at this early stage of planning. The client needs to
● Identify the need for a shopping complex in that area
● Proposing the project
● Evaluate the model
● Deciding whether to proceed
● Appointing and brief consultants, engineers, and designers

2.3.2 DESIGNING

1. Once the client has appointed an architect, they will sketch a plan or what we
call early drawings that define the project's scope and ask the client for
approval. Then, it is used for the submission of a development proposal.
2. For technical design, it will be done by the engineers. It represents the details
of the complex building that reflect the original structural design.
3. The conceptual design was developed to include an approximate estimate of
the cost. Selected quantity surveyors by the client will make a rough
calculation based on the sketch.
 4. When the proposal has been approved, quantity surveyors also need to prepare
documents in sufficient detail to enable tender to be obtained for this project.
5. After evaluating, they will recommend contractors to the client. Potential
contractors are invited to tender for a contract to build. The acceptance of a
proposal on the part of the owner constitutes the formation of a contract for the
work. The main contractor awarded and transformed the product information
into a physical building.

2.3.3 CONSTRUCTING

The information about this construction and arranging the site are handed over to the
contractors. Each contractor and subcontractor involved have to be on time and follow
the plans for this shopping complex to complete. The consultants are still involved in
this phase. These are the following constructing stage:
1. Site clearing
2. Foundation
3. Blockwork
4. Slab casting
5. Plastering
6. All the finishing work, electrical, plumbing, and painting.

2.3.4 OPERATING

When all the work on site has been completed, an inspection of the whole building
must be done. Architects apply for a final certificate and a final inspection by
professionals is made. The performance in the use of the complex will be reviewed.
The quantity surveyor prepares the final account for the project.

2.4 CHALLENGES

A challenge is something new and difficult that requires great effort and
determination. The client needs to be prepared to deal with obstacles throughout the
project. Some of the difficulties will be increasing the cost of materials, labor issues,
health and safety aspects, lack of collaboration, and greater expectations for project
performance.
2.4.1 INCREASING COST MATERIALS
The rising cost of materials is a problem for building enterprises. Raw material costs
are constantly changing and can cause significant problems for construction projects,
especially for smaller construction firms with slim profit margins. There are several
technical tools available now that can filter information to meet certain requirements.
The software will locate suppliers depending on your chosen parameters, including
price, quality, and even supplier location. Saving time and money on the procurement
process can reduce the amount of difficulty during the planning stage, allowing the
project to get off to a faster start.

2.4.2 LABOUR ISSUES

Buildings are being finished more slowly and some projects are being abandoned
entirely as a result of the shortage of trained personnel on construction sites.

From 2007 to 2011, during which the Great Recession of 2008-09 took place, the
construction industry lost approximately 2 million workers. Many of these workers
haven’t returned and companies are finding it difficult to attract new talent. Part of the
problem lies in the lack of interest from younger workers to work in construction
despite the surplus of high-paying positions on job sites.

Furthermore, the existing workforce is aging and retiring. According to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, about 32% of construction laborers were between 45-64 years old in
2018.

2.4.3 HEALTH AND SAFETY ASPECTS

Keeping human lives unaffected by the many activities and duties involved in the
building is the biggest difficulty facing the sector. Due to the labor-intensive nature of
the sector, a sizable workforce must be deployed on the project site.

These are some of the site-specific accident reasons, for instance:

● Slip, trip, and fall

● Struck by falling objects
● Electrocuted
● Overexertion or strenuous movement
 ● Structure collapse
● Fire

Working in dangerous and high-risk environments, such as working at heights, deep

excavations, and even restricted spaces, puts a person's health at risk and, in some
situations, even his life. Due to the extensive reach of this industry, the term
"accident" is tied to construction just as much as it is to auto accidents.

2.4.4 LACK OF COLLABORATION

The diverse nature of the construction sector makes teamwork essential to finishing
projects on time. Smooth transitions between each phase of the project cycle are made
possible by carefully planned projects. However, a lack of coordination between
owners, principal contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, and on-site workers can cause
construction projects to be delivered later than expected. These project participants are
now understanding that knowledge and information exchange is one of the essential
components of a successful business relationship.

2.4.5 GREATER EXPECTATIONS FOR PROJECT PERFORMANCE

The difficulties in a project with high expectations are payment problems and no cost
overruns. Design mistakes are one of the main causes of cost overruns in most
projects, according to research. It is crucial to remember that project designs are
typically used as a blueprint for attaining good technical input to project execution
and for accurately representing the client's requirements. Therefore, a flawed design
effectively represents incorrect or insufficient project outcomes. This may result in the
incorrect application of procedures to achieve the desired results, which will cause
delays and cost overruns when the project's real execution phase is underway.
3 REFERENCES

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