INTRODUCTION

Wellbeing frameworks around the globe still drop brief of giving available, good-quality,

comprehensive and coordinates care. As the worldwide wellbeing community is
setting driven objectives of widespread wellbeing scope plan for Economical Improvement, there
's expanding intrigued in coordination Wellbeing and Security Management System into the
whole wellbeing care framework. the concept and hone of work
environment wellbeing and security are known to be strong of an all-inclusive, as well as
a specialized body of information (Assaf & Alswalha, 2016). Additional time, work-
related illness, counting wounds and sicknesses, has been recorded as a result of the by and
large decrease in
work put wellbeing and security. Subsequently, Wellbeing care administration has come
about to utilizing progressed innovation strategies, to re-structure
work forms and strategies in arrange to be proactive against working
environment wellbeing and security related dangers for both the Administration and the
Workforce.
Research Question
1. Is there a noteworthy relationship between word related wellbeing and security and
organizational management. 2. Are there negative viewpoint on workers due to
the nonattendance of word related wellbeing and security administration system.
Research Aims and Objectives
1. To Assess the impacts of word
related wellbeing and security framework and administration commitment at Lagos
State Open wellbeing sector. 2. To look at as moo as sensibly practicable the lessening of word
related wellbeing and security hones and its unfavorable impacts on representatives at Lagos
State open wellbeing sector
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction

The writing survey handle helped the analyst to recognize abberations in
current information levels and made a difference in surveying the word related dangers within
the clinic (Norwood, 2010). The discoveries and viewpoints of past analysts were used
in arrange to set up the mental talk for adjusting the inquire about in connection to
other investigate, and this was done through the audit of writing. Writing audit looked
at diary articles, online assets, books, and reports that were related to word
related wellbeing and security risks at the healing center environment.

Occupational Hazard

Word related danger alludes to the endangerments, peril or peril as an result of the sort or

working conditions of a particular work (Chopra and Pandey, 2007). It too implies a
work, hardware, substance, prepare, or condition that inclines, or can
causes harm or malady by itself at the work environment (Fasunloro and Owotade,
2004). Word related danger alludes to a chance to an person more often than not emerging out
of work (Muchiri, 2003). it can too allude to a work, fabric, substance, handle,
or circumstance that inclines, or it causes mischances or malady, at a work put (Corrao et al.,
2004).

The Role Of The Health Sector In Health Delivery

The government is making strides the healthcare industry in Nigeria. This is

often since the division plays a imperative part in any economy and
its exercises are too critical to the victory of the socio-economic development of the nation.
Among the social and financial needs, wellbeing segment is one of the major concerns going
up against government and approach producers. The wellbeing segment was at the cutting
edge of the Thousand years Improvement Objectives (MDGs) which was accomplished in
2015 (Rhule, 2012).

Challenges Of The Healthcare System In Nigeria

Despite massive government efforts to resource health facilities, the health care system as a
whole is still characterized by low funding, brain drain, or a lack of personnel. The issue of
 inadequate staffing remains a persistent challenge in Nigeria health sector. While the
government is providing infrastructure to transform the health sector, the sector is losing
personnel to higher-income countries. According to an emerging report, there is a large influx
of Nigerian healthcare workers into Western countries (Premium times 2022).

Safety Training In The Hospitals

Occupational health specialists identified the need for training and development across all the
major staff groups in the healthcare sector during their meeting as a result of how crucial safety
and training are. They included personnel from the administrative side of things, nurses, doctors,
and occupational hygienists.
The implementation of effective health and safety hazards prevention plans requires level-headed
basic education for work, certified induction and refresher training, and certified hospital specific
training as part of lifelong learning, according to Norman et al. (2006). Education and training
are the foundational factor that improves occupational safety and health.
 METHODOLOGY

The approach of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System is preventive and
proactive, as it anticipates, identifies, and prevents hazards before they become bad occurrences
with unexpected or unpredictable consequences. Prevention is always more effective and less
expensive than treatment and rehabilitation (curative); ensures workers' health is not adversely
affected by their work and work is not adversely affected by poor health (mutual benefit);
Encourages a healthy workforce, which leads to increased productivity for the business owner
and the economy as a whole (well-being vs. productivity). Healthy employees are essential to
any organization's success and the best assets in any industry; it also reduces work-related
sickness absence. Employers will benefit greatly from this cost-cutting measure. Due to lost
output, man hours, and time and resources spent on managing sick leave, sickness absence is one
of the leading reasons for economic loss for employers. It also aids companies in adhering to
applicable laws. Additionally, it helps businesses save money by lowering the likelihood of
claims and legal disputes.

Study Design

This was a cross-sectional consider outlined to evaluate the word related wellbeing and security
dangers at one particular point in time in two chosen clinics inside Lagos State. The points of
interest of the cross-sectional think about incorporate;

 The estimations for a test part are gotten at a single point in time, in spite of the fact that
enlistment may take put over a longer period of time.  A cross sectional ponder isn't
longitudinal by plan. In a longitudinal consider, each member is watched at different time
focuses, subsequently permitting patterns in an result to be checked over time. Be that as it may,
in this ponder respondents were watched as it were once.  Cross sectional considers are for the
most part speedy, simple, and cheap to perform. They are frequently based on a survey study.
There will be no misfortune to follow-up since members are met as it were once (Sedgwick,
2014).

A cross-sectional study, on the other hand, may be prone to non-response bias if individuals who
consent to participate differ from those who do not, resulting in a sample that is not
representative of the population. A cross-sectional study can record exposure to several risk
factors and assess multiple outcomes. However, because data on each participant is only
collected once, determining the temporal relationship between a risk factor and a result would be
challenging. As a result, a cross-sectional study can only infer a connection, not causation. It is
not possible to conclude from this study that inadequate hospital equipment maintenance,
educational level, excessive work pressure, and verbal assault before the commencement of
occupational hazards and that they may be risk factors for the infection of chronic diseases and
injuries (Sedgwick, 2014). A cross-sectional study is research that was conducted at a single
moment in time or over a brief period of time (Levin, 2006). The current study was limited to
healthcare employees who were classified as clinical or non-clinical. The clinical staff completed
at least 89% of the questionnaire, while non-clinical workers completed the remaining 11%. The
sample size of 192.05 was increased to 200 to account for any potential loss of precision. Using
the above formula, the sample size was calculated to be around 200. As a result, 200 people were
recruited for the study.

Selection And Justification of Techniques

The healthcare personnel were chosen using purposeful and easy random sampling approaches.
Purposive sampling was utilized because the target group was hospital workers, and simple
random sampling was used because each study participant who met the established criteria had
an equal chance of being chosen until the sample size was exhausted.

Ethical Consideration

The ethical and review committees of both hospitals were contacted for authorization to conduct
the study ethically. Each participant gave their agreement both orally and in writing. Information
was gathered under stringent confidentiality guidelines.
 CONCLUSION

Limitations of the Study

This study was conducted in only two major hospitals in the Lagos State Metropolis, limiting its
applicability to all other health institutions in the Western part of the country. The findings could
have been influenced by recall bias because respondents were asked to recollect a previous
event. Furthermore, because this was a cross-sectional study, the causation of occupational
health and safety issues could not be determined. Nonetheless, this study provided critical
information on occupational health and safety issues in Lagos State. Response fatigue existed in
both institutions, as respondents complained about answering too many questions from other
researchers. Others were hesitant to respond because they were afraid of being victimized by the
management of both hospitals, despite assurances that the study was for academic purposes and
that any information submitted would be kept confidential. The most difficult difficulty
confronting the study was a lack of financial resources, logistics, and the payment of research
assistant allowances.

Expected Research Outcomes

Our research shows that both hospitals in the Lagos Metropolis are short on occupational health
and safety trained medical personnel. In hospitals, there is a lack of qualified staff, and OHS is
given the lowest priority. The most susceptible category, nurses and attendants, do the majority
of hazardous tasks. The field of occupational health and safety is rapidly changing, and new
technologies, work methods, and substances are always introducing new problems (Uusitalo &
Naidoo, 1995). Even at the Ministry level, OHS issues were not given enough attention until
recently. Additionally, it was found that most workplaces in hospitals in Nigeria lacked proper
OHS. It is suggested that further efforts be made, such as training, informational exposure, and
awareness-raising, to improve OSH in Nigerian hospitals. It is crucial that all hospital staff
members get safety-related instruction and training. OHS education is not widely available
throughout the nation. In accordance with the requirements of the pertinent national and
international laws and regulations, it is the employer's duty to provide healthy and safe
workplaces for all healthcare workers. Additionally, the employer is responsible for organizing
the work so that personnel exposure to hazardous factors and risks at work is either eliminated or
greatly reduced, protecting their safety and health.
REFERENCES

Assaf, A. M. & Alswalha, A. (2016). Environmental impacts of working conditions in

paint factories workers in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. European Scientific

Journal, 9(8), 37-45.

Australia S.I.o. (2012) Hazard as a Concept. Australia: Safety Institute of

Australia

Ltd, Tullamarine, Victoria, Australia.

Borys, D., Else, D. & Leggett, S. (2019). The fifth age of safety: The adaptive age. Journal

of Health and Safety Research and Practice, 1(1): 19-27.

Brink H., Van der Walt C. and Van Rensburg G. (2006) Fundamentals of research

methodology for health care professionals: Juta and Company Ltd.

Chopra S. and Pandey S. (2007) Occupational hazards among dental surgeons.

Medical Journal Armed Forces India 63(1), 23-25.

Corrao C., Biagi M. and Tantardini M. (2004) Accident risk evaluation in dentistry.

Proceeding 12 Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health

(ICOH) Scientific Committee “Towards a multidimensional approach in

occupational health service: scientific evidence, social consensus, human

values”(Modena 13-16 october 2004) ICOH Scientific Committee, Modena 18.

Fasunloro A. and Owotade F.J. (2004) Occupational hazards among clinical

dental

staff. J Contemp Dent Pract 5(2), 134-152.

Ghosh T. (2013) Occupational health and hazards among health care workers.
 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 3(1), 1-4.

Muchiri F. (2003) Occupational health and development in Africa Challenges and the way

forward. African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety 13(2), 44-46.

Norwood S.L. (2010) Research essentials: Foundations for evidence-based practice: Prentice
Hall.

(Premium times 2022).https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/550918-while

nigerian hospitals-lament-insufficient-personnel-13000-leave-for-uk-in-one-year.html

Rhule H.K.A. (2012) Health Related Risks of Nursing Practice at Effia-Nkwanta Regional

Hospital, Sekondi.

WHO (2012) WHO Global Strategy on Occupational Health for All. The Way to Health at

Work. Geneva 1995: WHO.

World Health Organization in 1950 (Gillen et al., 2003).

 APPENDIX

Research Project Timeline

Stage Activity Estimated Start End Deliverable Comments

duration date date

Research Finalise research Confirmed research

design problem/questions problem/questions
and Develop research design Draft research design section
planning for final report
Prepare research proposal Research proposal/ethical
approval
submission
Literatur Search, capture and synthesise Notes and other output from
e review relevant literature the review
process
Prepare draft literature review Draft literature review section
for final report
Data collection Finalise sampling plan Sampling plan
Develop data collection Draft data collection
instrument instruments
Pre-test/pilot data collection Finalised data collection
instrument instrument
Carry out data collection Raw data
Write up data collection Draft data collection section
for final report
Data analysis Prepare data for analysis Data ready (e.g.
interview transcripts) for
analysis
Analyse data Notes and other output from
analysis
Draw conclusions/ Draft data analysis and
recommendations findings section final
report
Writing up Final draft of application Final draft
Review draft Notes of feedback
Final editing Final application
Submit to extramural Final submission of
funder application
The Medical Director
Lagos State Teaching Hospital
1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way, Street 101233, Ikeja

Dear Sir/Madam,

Permission to conduct research at your medical facility.

My name is Doris Uzonna Okafor.

[Provide your background]

I am studying for a masters degree in the [insert School] at the University of the Witwatersrand. I
am seeking permission to do research at [insert organisation name].
[or]
I am a staff member in the [insert School] at the University of the Witwatersrand. I am seeking
permission to do research at [insert organisation name].

I am conducting research on [insert sufficient detail for a permission granter to understand what
the research entails – this may be a couple of paragraphs, but don’t include your whole proposal.
For example, you may consider briefly including why you have chosen the topic; what is the
knowledge gap; what is the focus of your research; why you have chosen their organisation].

The research will entail collecting data from [insert details, for example staff; children; minors
etc.]
[or]
I request permission to get access to [a database, list of customers, suppliers, members etc.]
[or]
I will invite individuals from your organisation to participate in this study. [Explain who you
want specifically, a certain group, or anyone in the organization?] If they agree, they will be
asked to [insert how data will be collected. For example: answer questionnaires; be interviewed;
focus group discussions. State how much time recipients will be required to set aside, and
whether data collection will take place on the premises and/or during work hours. State whether
participant’s responses will be audio or video recorded].

Participants will be asked to give their written or verbal consent before the research begins. Their
responses will be treated confidentially, and identities (their names and the name of the
organisation) will be anonymous unless otherwise expressly indicated. Individual privacy will be
maintained in all published and written data resulting from the study.

The results will be communicated [insert how/where, e.g. dissertation; academic journals; book
chapter, etc.].
All research data will be [add something if the data will be destroyed, preserved anonymously
for reuse by other researchers, etc.]

I therefore request permission in writing to conduct my research at your organisation. The

permission letter should be on your organisation’s headed paper, signed and dated, and
specifically referring to myself by name and the title of my study.

Please let me know if you require any further information. I look forward to your response as
soon as is convenient.

Yours sincerely,

Firstname Lastname

[Insert your name]

[Insert your contact number]
[Insert your email address]

[Supervisor’s name
contact number
email address]