TYPES OF ORAL

COMMUNICATION N
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
• Intrapersonal communication is a communicator’s internal
use of language and thought, which may include self-
talk, acts of imagination, visualization, and recollection.
While it serves many social functions such as internal
vocalization, intrapersonal communication is also
associated with self- awareness and mental health.
• Intrapersonal communication is communication with
oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking
(Jones, 2016).
• Like other forms of communication, intrapersonal
communication is triggered by some internal or external
stimulus.
• Intrapersonal communication serves several social functions. Internal
vocalization, or talking to ourselves, can help us achieve or maintain social
adjustment (Dance and Larson, 1972).
• Intrapersonal communication also helps build and maintain our self-
concept.
• We also use intrapersonal communication or “self- talk” to let off steam,
process emotions, think through something, or rehearse what we plan to
say or do in the future.
• Competent intrapersonal communication helps facilitate
social interaction and can enhance our well-being.
• Conversely, the breakdown in the ability of a person to
interpersonally communicate is associated with mental
illness (Dance and Larson, 1972).
• Intrapersonal communication is usually unplanned
and doesn’t include a clearly defined goal (Dance
and Larson, 1972).
• Deliberate self- reflection can help us become more
competent communicators as we become more
mindful of our own behaviors.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
• Interpersonal communication is communication between
people whose lives mutually influence one another.
Interpersonal communication builds, maintains, and ends
our relationships, and we spend more time engaged in
interpersonal communication than the other forms of
communication.
• Interpersonal communication occurs in various
contexts and is addressed in subfields of study within
communication studies such as intercultural
communication, organizational, health communication,
and computer-mediated communication.
• Interpersonal communication can be planned or
unplanned, but since it is interactive, it is usually
more structured and influenced by social
expectations than intrapersonal communication.
• Interpersonal communication is also more goal
oriented than intrapersonal communication and
fulfills instrumental and relational needs.
• Since this form of communication deals so directly
with our personal relationships and is the most
common form of communication, instances of
miscommunication and communication conflict
most frequently occur here (Dance & Larson,
1972).
•In order to be a competent interpersonal
communicator, you need conflict
management skills and listening skills,
among others, to maintain positive
relationships.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

• As a senior-high-school academic scholar, what are the useful tips you can
give to your fellow scholars to improve their interpersonal communication
skills? Create a list of ten.
• Recount a time when you were in conflict with someone. Write down what
you did when you became angry, how you felt, and how you responded to the
other person. Lastly, how did you interact to resolve the miscommunication?
GROUP COMMUNICATION
• Group communication is communication among
three or more people interacting to achieve a shared
goal.
• Group communication is more intentional and formal
than interpersonal communication. Additionally, group
communication is often task focused, meaning that
members of the group work together for an explicit
purpose or goal that affects each member of the group.
SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION (JONES,
2016)
• Small group communication refers to interactions
among three or more people who are connected
through a common purpose, mutual influence, and a
shared identity. In this section, we will learn about the
characteristics, functions, and types of small groups.
CHARACTERISTICS THAT INFLUENCE
SMALL GROUPS

•SIZE
In terms of size, small groups must consist of at
least three people, but there is no set upper
limit on the number of group members.
CHARACTERISTICS THAT INFLUENCE
SMALL GROUPS

•STRUCTURE
A group’s structure also affects how group members
communicate, as some structures are more
centralized and hierarchical and other structures are
more decentralized and equal.
CHARACTERISTICS THAT INFLUENCE
SMALL GROUPS

•INTERDEPENDENCE
Groups are interdependent in that they have a shared
purpose and a shared fate, meaning that each group
member’s actions affect every other group member.
CHARACTERISTICS THAT INFLUENCE
SMALL GROUPS

•SHARED INDENTITY
• Groups develop a shared identity based on their task or
purpose, previous accomplishments, future goals, and an
identity that sets their members apart from other groups.
FUNCTIONS OF SMALL GROUPS

•INSTRUMENTAL
Groups meet instrumental needs ,as they allow us
to pool resources and provide access to
information to better help us survive and succeed.
FUNCTIONS OF SMALL GROUPS

•INTERPERSONAL
•Groups meet interpersonal needs, as they provide a
sense of belonging (inclusion), an opportunity to
participate in decision making and influence others
(control), and emotional support.
FUNCTIONS OF SMALL GROUPS

•IDENTITY
•Groups meet identity needs, as they offer us a
chance to affiliate ourselves with others whom we
perceive to be like us or whom we admire and
would like to be associated with.
TYPES OF SMALL GROUPS

• TASK ORIENTED
Task-oriented groups are formed to solve a problem, promote a cause, or
generate ideas or information
TYPES OF SMALL GROUPS

• RELATIONAL ORIENTED
Relational-oriented groups are formed to promote interpersonal connections.
TYPES OF SMALL GROUPS

• PRIMARY GROUPS
Primary groups are long-lasting groups that are formed based on interpersonal
relationships and include family and friendship groups
TYPES OF SMALL GROUPS

• SECONDARY GROUPS
Secondary groups are characterized by less frequent interaction and less
emotional and relational communication than in primary groups.
ADVANTAGES OF SMALL GROUP
COMMUNICATION

•Advantages of group communication

include shared decision making, shared
resources, synergy, and exposure to
diversity.
DISADVANTAGES OF SMALL GROUP
COMMUNICATION

•Disadvantages of group communication include

unnecessary group formation (when the task
would be better performed by one person),
difficulty coordinating schedules, and difficulty
with accountability and social loafing.