GEODESY When will you know if the instrument is perpendicular to the

geoid?
Geiod When the vertical axis of the instrument coincides to
- It is the irregular surface of the earth's gravity field the direction of gravity.
- It is the irregular surface of the earth's gravity field 
- Equipotential surface at mean sea level Latitudes
- Any point is perpendicular to the direction of gravity Astronomic Latitude (Vertical) 
- Reference for the values of the semi-major and semi- - angle created by the plumb line perpendicular to the
minor axis geoid's semi-major axis 
Geodetic Latitude (Normal) 
Level Surface - angle created by the plumb line perpendicular to
- Equipotential surface that when the irregular land the ellipsoid's semi-major axis
masses were removed, curve surface will remain.
Deflection of the Vertical 
Mean Sea Level - angle between the plumb line which is perpendicular
to the geoid and perpendicular to the ellipsoid
- Average sea level

Geodetic vs. Geocentric vs. Reduce Latitude

Geodetic Latitude (φ) 

- Normal ellipsoid at a point and the equatorial plane. 

Geocentric Latitude   (ψ)
- Center of the ellipse to the point

NOTE:
Reduced/ Parametric (β) 
Ellipsoid to Topo/terrain = ellipsoidal height - Angle at the center tangent
h to ellipsoid along the equator
Ellipsoid to Geoid = geoid undulation/geoid-ellipsoid and the radius to the point of
separation intersected along the sphere
N by the straight line. 
Geoid to Terrain/Topo – Orthometric height - in short parang geocentric
H but point used circle radius

How does Geoid look like in continental areas? 

Water Level in infinitely small canal in  land.

Geoid
- Coincides with the surface of the oceans that would
conform over the entire earth if force of effect of the
Earth's mass attraction and centrifugal force.
- Surface where gravity potential is equal and which
direction of gravity is always perpendicular
Facts
Geoidal surface- irregular in shape 
Ellipsoid - regular surface and with a regular specific
dimension
Therefore: The two will not coincide Derivation 
1st eccentricity
Geoid Undulation
See: Geoid Height/ geoid – ellipsoid separation 
- difference in ellipsoid and geoid 

Facts!
 - Geodetic is the largest value 
- Geocentric is the smallest value

Sample
The parametric Latitude of 14° 21' N, Determine the Geodetic
and the Geocentric Latitude. 
Assuming (Clarke's Spheroid)
a= 6378206.4
b= 6356583.8

At What Latitude will the Geocentric, Reduced and Geodetic

Latitudes be the Same? 
- Equator
- Poles

At What Latitude will the Geocentric, Reduced and Geodetic

Latitudes have the greatest Difference? 
- somewhere in 45°