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Atoms and Molecules

Class VI A and B
Name: _________________________ Handout No. 2
Date: ___________________

Difference between an atom and a molecule:

Atom is the smallest particle (basic unit) of an element. Example, Copper is an element and it is
used to make electrical wire. Every individual atom of this element has identical atoms.

Molecule is the smallest particle (basic unit) of a compound. Molecule is the group of atoms,
which is formed when identical (same) atoms e.g. H 2 (Hydrogen) or different kind (type) of atoms
combine chemically in a fixed ratio. Such as H2O (water), CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

Difference between Mixture and Compound:

Mixture: It is formed when two or more substance combine physically in a variable (different)
ratio by mass. Examples, air, ketchup, tooth-paste, milk, jelly, blood, sea-water, etc.

Compound: It is formed when two or more substance combine chemically in a fixed ratio by mass.
Examples, water forms with two Hydrogen atoms and one Oxygen atom i.e chemically in a fixed
ratio.
Types of Molecules:
i. Molecule of an element.
ii. Molecule in a compound
Note: Definitions from book 2
Exercise No. 1 State the type of molecule
Chemical
S. No. Name of molecule Type of molecule
Formula
1. Water H2O Molecule of a compound
2. Oxygen gas O2 Molecule of an element
3. Carbon Dioxide CO2
4. Ammonia gas NH3
5. Sulfur S8
6. Methane gas CH4
7. Ozone O3
8. Ethanol C2H5OH

Prepared by Ms. F. Haider

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Exercise No. 2 State the number of each kind of atoms in molecules

Chemical
S. No. Name of molecule Number of each kind of atoms in a molecule
Formula

1. Water H2O 2 Hydrogen atoms, 1 Oxygen atom

2. Hydrogen gas H2
3. Carbon Monoxide CO
4. Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4
5. Phosphorus P4
6. Sulfur Dioxide gas SO2
7. Ozone O3
8. Methanol CH3OH

Exercise No. 3 Name the elements present in the following molecules.

Chemical
S. No. Name of molecule Name of each kind of atoms in a molecule
Formula

1. Carbon Dioxide CO2 Carbon, Oxygen

2. Chlorine gas Cl2
3. Methane gas CH4
4. Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4
5. Hydrogen Chloride HCl
6. Nitrogen Oxide gas NO
7. Ammonia gas NH3
8. Methanol CH3OH

Exercise No. 4 Total number of atoms in each molecule

Chemical
S. No. Name of molecule Total number of atoms in each molecule
Formula

1. Carbon Dioxide CO2 3 atoms

2. Magnesium Oxide MgO
3. Ethane gas C2H6
4. Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4
5. Hydrogen Fluoride HF
6. Sodium Chloride NaCl
7. Ammonia gas NH3
8. Glucose C6H12O6

Exercise No. 5 Describe the following molecules.

Prepared by Ms. F. Haider

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i. Ethanol: It is a molecule of a compound. It consists of two atoms of carbon, one atom of

Oxygen and six atoms of Hydrogen combined chemically.

ii. Ammonia: ____________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Ozone: ____________________________________________________________________________________
iv. Glucose: ____________________________________________________________________________________
v. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): _____________________________________________________________________
vi. Phosphorus molecule: _____________________________________________________________________
vii. Methane: ____________________________________________________________________________________
viii. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3): _______________________________________________________________

Exercise No. 6 Write chemical formula of the following molecules.

Magnesium Oxide Methane

Ammonia Nitrogen gas
Ethanol Sodium Fluoride

Exercise No. 7 Draw model diagram of the following molecules.

i. ii. Sulfur molecule

iii. Ammonia iv. Carbon Dioxide v. Methane vi. Phosphorus vii. Carbon Tetrachloride
viii. Sodium Chloride ix. Ozone x. Hydrogen molecule

Exercise No. 8
Fig. below shows some of the molecules in the air above an active volcano. For example, a water molecule
has the formula H2O and is shown in the diagram. Write the formulae for the other molecules in the air
above the volcano.

Prepared by Ms. F. Haider