Genetic

Engineering

Altering the DNA of an organism

 Genetic
Engineering

Altering the DNA of an organism

 What is Genetic Engineering?
Genetic engineering is a process that can alter
an organism’s DNA makeup. DNA is stored in
the chromosome of a cell and contains the
genetic code which stores information for
making proteins. It modifies the genome of an
organism by introducing a gene from another
organism to get a characteristic. It allows
scientists to move desired genes from one
plant to another or from one animal to
another.
 Who created Genetic Engineering?

In 1973, two biochemists

Herbert Boyer and Stanley
Cohen developed genetic
engineering by inserting
DNA from one bacteria
into another
 How does genetic engineering work
It works by physically
removing a gene from one
organism and inserting it
into another giving it the
ability to express the trait
encoded by that gene.
There are the steps for the process of genetic engineering:
1. Identify a section of DNA that contains the required gene
from chromosomes
2. Extract that required gene
3. Insert that gene into a bacterial plasmid
4. Insert the plasmid into a host cell
5. Grow the transformed cell into an organism
 How has genetic engineering been used
until today:

Genetic engineering has Did you know that

been used on plants and
animals to create new
organisms but due to ethical
issues and the risks to both
individuals and society it has
not been implemented on
humans. It is used to
genetically modify plants and
improve crop yield.
genetically modified things
are all around us?
Genetically modified
enzymes are used in
laundry detergent which is
present in all our homes.
 Why do we need Genetic Engineering?
Genetic engineering aims to modify the genes to enhance the capabilities of
the organism beyond what is normal. It is mainly used for farm animals and
other other organisms as enhancing humans is still in the future, but the
basic argument in favor of doing so is that it could make life better in
significant ways by enhancing certain characteristics of people. We value
intelligence, beauty, strength, endurance, and certain personality
characteristics and behavioral tendencies, and if these traits were found to
be due to a genetic component we could enhance people by giving them
such features
 Benefits and Risks
Benefits of Genetic Engineering Risks of Genetic Engineering

It can improve crop yields and the quality Genetically modified crops could be
of crops. These crops will also be more dangerous. Theses crops can lead to an
resistant to pests and diseases. allergic reaction in some people.

It can prove to be helpful in the medical Crops seeds are expensive making it
field as it can help in making insulin for difficult for developing countries to have
diabetes patients. access.

May prove to be beneficial when it comes What benefits one plant may hurt another
to inherited diseases though that one.
research is still in process.
 What is Genetic Engineering?
Genetic engineering is a process that can alter
an organism’s DNA makeup. DNA is stored in
the chromosome of a cell and contains the
genetic code which stores information for
making proteins. It modifies the genome of an
organism by introducing a gene from another
organism to get a characteristic. It allows
scientists to move desired genes from one
plant to another or from one animal to
another.
 Who created Genetic Engineering?

In 1973, two biochemists

Herbert Boyer and Stanley
Cohen developed genetic
engineering by inserting
DNA from one bacteria
into another
 How does genetic engineering work
It works by physically
removing a gene from one
organism and inserting it
into another giving it the
ability to express the trait
encoded by that gene.
There are the steps for the process of genetic engineering:
1. Identify a section of DNA that contains the required gene
from chromosomes
2. Extract that required gene
3. Insert that gene into a bacterial plasmid
4. Insert the plasmid into a host cell
5. Grow the transformed cell into an organism
 How has genetic engineering been used
until today:

Genetic engineering has Did you know that

been used on plants and
animals to create new
organisms but due to ethical
issues and the risks to both
individuals and society it has
not been implemented on
humans. It is used to
genetically modify plants and
improve crop yield.
genetically modified things
are all around us?
Genetically modified
enzymes are used in
laundry detergent which is
present in all our homes.
 Why do we need Genetic Engineering?
Genetic engineering aims to modify the genes to enhance the capabilities of
the organism beyond what is normal. It is mainly used for farm animals and
other other organisms as enhancing humans is still in the future, but the
basic argument in favor of doing so is that it could make life better in
significant ways by enhancing certain characteristics of people. We value
intelligence, beauty, strength, endurance, and certain personality
characteristics and behavioral tendencies, and if these traits were found to
be due to a genetic component we could enhance people by giving them
such features
 Benefits and Risks
Benefits of Genetic Engineering Risks of Genetic Engineering

It can improve crop yields and the quality Genetically modified crops could be
of crops. These crops will also be more dangerous. Theses crops can lead to an
resistant to pests and diseases. allergic reaction in some people.

It can prove to be helpful in the medical Crops seeds are expensive making it
field as it can help in making insulin for difficult for developing countries to have
diabetes patients. access.

May prove to be beneficial when it comes What benefits one plant may hurt another
to inherited diseases though that one.
research is still in process.