Senior High School

Practical Research II
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Data Collection Procedure

SLM
SELF-LEARNING MODULE
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 Senior High School

Practical Research II
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Data Collection Procedure

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Practical Research II 12 Self-Learning Module on Data
Collection Procedure.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help

you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research II 12 Self-Learning Module on Data

Collection Procedure.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

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 Data Collection Procedure
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate understanding of data collection and analysis
procedures such as survey, interview, and observation

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners should be able to describe adequately quantitative research
designs, sample, instrument used, intervention (if applicable), data collection,
and analysis procedures.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
• Plans data collection procedure (CS_RS12-IIa-c-5).

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. Identify data collection procedure;
2. Appreciate the importance of various procedures in collecting data;
and
3. Illustrate the data collection procedure.

INTRODUCTION

This module will enable you to become closely familiar with the different
procedures in gathering the data in your quantitative research.
Do the series of activities to achieve your goal.

REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE

In the previous module, you have learned about the meaning of intervention in
various researches.

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PRESENTATION OF THE MODULE

It’s a great day ahead! Widen your horizons in learning as you are about to
unveil the various secrets of a successful research. First, you need to learn that the
Quantitative data collection methods rely on random sampling and structured data
collection instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response
categories. They produce results that are easy to summarize, compare, and
generalize.

Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from

theory and/or being able to estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest.
Depending on the research question, participants may be randomly assigned to
different treatments. If this is not feasible, the researcher may collect data on
participant and situational characteristics in order to statistically control for their
influence on the dependent, or outcome, variable. If the intent is to generalize from
the research participants to a larger population, the researcher will employ
probability sampling to select participants.

ACTIVITY

Directions: Narrate your experience/s of conducting an interview in your previous

classes in high school. Use the following guide questions:
1. What was the interview about?
2. Who did you interview?
3. How did you report the result of the interview?
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“I know you can do it. Now it’s time for you to EXPLORE. You’re doing great!

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ANALYSIS

Directions: Concept Discovery. Reflect to the following guide questions:

1. How do researchers get their data when conducting research?

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2. What is data?
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Good job! I told you, you can do better! It is time to know it all. Read on.

ABSTRACTION

Describing Quantitative Data

Data are pieces of knowledge or facts known by many people around the
world. Appearing measurable, numerical, and associated with a metrical system,
they're called quantitative data. These data are results from various experiences
related to sensory devices whose descriptive qualities like shape, age, amount,
speed, weight, number, height, positions, and all that is related to it are measurable.
When it comes to quantity, these terms appear in files in number forms that may be
discrete (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6...) or continuum (amount of flour...). However, these
quantitative data are utilized only insofar as they are providing answers to your
different research questions. This is according to Russell (2013) and Creswell
(2013).

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Techniques in Collecting Quantitative Data

Collecting the data for your study is a major component of any research. You
have to consider it for an accurate result and valid research.

The following are the most used techniques in gathering quantitative data.

1. Observation.
Consider your sense organs to get important facts about people, places,
things, and many other things. You record what you see and hear using
numbers to express your data in quantitative forms.

2. Survey.
Surveying is obtaining data about a certain research topic through
conducting interviews and questionnaires.

A. Questionnaire

A questionnaire is an instrument where participants of the study need to

complete. It comes out as a self - report data instrument. You use a
questionnaire to know how your participants think, feel, show attitudes,
values, perceptions, beliefs, their personality, and of course, their behavioral
intentions. It is possible to do this individually or in groups.

Instruments to Use for Survey Questionnaire:

• Paper-and-pencil test questionnaire
• Online survey/Internet Survey (example Google Forms)
• Questionnaire by Mail

B. Interview
Interview is collecting data verbally in different manners. The interviewer asks
data from the interviewee (the one who answers). Since this is an
interpersonal manner of collecting data, the interviewer needs to be friendly
and impartial to the answers of the interviewee. So it is important or needed to
explain to the participant in the interview what the study is all about and how
his or her participation is needed, and the process of confidentiality in the
study.

Instruments to Use for Interview:

• In-person interviews (face-to-face)
• Telephone interviews (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews,
CATIs)
• Interview over the Internet via Zoom and other application software.

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 C. Experiment.
In doing an experiment, the researcher will do treatment and observe
the responses of the subjects. These experiments can be carried out in
laboratory, in fields, or through computer simulations.

D. Content Analysis.
Content analysis is a research method that is used to determine the patterns
in recorded communication. To do this, you will collect data from a set of text, which
may be in written, oral, or visual forms such as books, newspapers, magazines,
speeches and interviews.

Likert scale, rating system, used in questionnaires, that is designed to

measure people's attitudes, opinions, or perceptions. Subjects choose from a
number of potential answers to a particular question or statement; answers generally
include "strongly agree," "agree," "neutral," "disagree," and "strongly disagree."

APPLICATION

Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. Data are pieces of knowledge or facts known by many people around

the world. How can we gather data with the following?

a. People
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___________________________________________________________________.

b. Library
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___________________________________________________________________.

c. Internet
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_____________________________________________________________.

“That was excellent! Keep it up!

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ENRICHMENT
Directions: Using the space provided, present through a graph the categories of the
quantitative data-collection techniques and the quantitative data-gathering
instruments.

POST - TEST

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter on the space provided
before the item number that corresponds to your answer.

1. The tips in writing the intervention process paper include the following,
EXCEPT:
a. Do a research
b. Conduct an interview
c. Gather the data
d. Gather researchers

2. Data are pieces of information or facts known by people in this world. What
does the statement mean?
a. Data can be everything that the people know.
b. Data can be found from famous people.
c. Data can be gathered from the national artists
d. None of the above

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3. The following are our four general estimators that you may encounter in
reading research, EXCEPT:
a. Inter-Rater/Observer Reliability
b. Development Reliability
c. Parallel-Forms Reliability
d. Internal Consistency Reliability

4. What is the generic term that researchers use for a measurement device
a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Instrument
d. Development

5. It refers to the ease with which an instrument can be administered, interpreted

by the participant, and scored/interpreted by the researcher.
a. Dependability
b. Reliability
c. Validity
d. Usability

6. We can identify five usability considerations, EXCEPT:

a. How long will it take to administer?
b. Are the directions clear?
c. How easy is it to score?
d. Who are the researchers?

7. Example usability problems include the following, EXCEPT:

a. Students are asked to rate a lesson immediately after class, but there
are only a few minutes before the next class begins (problem with
administration).
b. Students are asked to keep self-checklists of their after-school
activities, but the directions are complicated and the item descriptions
confusing (problem with interpretation).
c. Teachers are asked about their attitudes regarding school policy, but
some questions are worded poorly which results in low completion
rates (problem with scoring/interpretation).
d. Determining the performance of the students for the whole year.

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8. The participants chose which type of instrument, or instruments, to use based
on the research question. Is the statement true or false?
a. True. The researchers can choose to have participants choose the type
of instrument to use.
b. True. The participants will choose since they will be answering the
instruments.
c. False. The researchers chose which type of instrument, or instruments,
to use based on the research question.
d. None of the above.

9. Validation involves collecting and analyzing data to assess the accuracy of an

instrument. What does the statement mean?
a. Validation will also check the data gathered.
b. Validation will also enhance the data gathered.
c. Validation will also remove the data gathered.
d. Validation will also test the reliability of the data gathered.

10. An instrument that is externally valid helps obtain population generalizability,

or the degree to which a sample represents the population. What does the
statement mean?
a. Instruments that are validated externally can be of great help to the
researchers.
b. Instruments are invalid without external validation.
c. Instruments need no validation.
d. None of the above.

11. Reliability can be thought of as consistency. Reliability, therefore,

_______________.
a. shows how consistent are the responses of the sample population
during trial tests.
b. shows the final data of the research.
c. shows the development of the research process.
d. None of the above.

12. The first-hand interview adds credibility of your papers. To whom can a
researcher conduct a first-hand interview?
a. To the students only
b. To the parents only
c. To the engineers only
d. To all the concerned people in the field

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13. Support your interviews and research with statistical data to add credibility
and sustain your findings. What does the statement mean?
a. Statistical data strengthens research.
b. Statistical data declines research.
c. Statistical data develops a researcher
d. Absence of statistical data is good.
Discuss briefly.
14. Describe the role of QUESTIONNAIRES in the process of gathering the
data.
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15. What is a Likert Scale?

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POST-TEST
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. D
13. B
14. A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions
and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.
A questionnaire should allow us to collect the most complete and accurate
data in a logical flow.
Questionnaires provide a relatively cheap, quick and efficient way of obtaining
large amounts of information from a large sample of people. Data can be
collected relatively quickly because the researcher would not need to be
present when the questionnaires were completed
15. It's a question that uses a 5 or 7-point scale, sometimes referred to as a
satisfaction scale that ranges from one extreme attitude to another. Typically,
the Likert survey question includes a moderate or neutral option in its scale.
A Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly involved in research that
employs questionnaires. It is the most widely used approach to scaling
responses in survey research, such that the term is often used
interchangeably with rating scale, although there are other types of rating
scales.
ACTIVITY (Answers may vary)
ANALYSIS (Answers may vary)
1. How do researchers get their data when conducting research?
Since most research involves the collection of data, there are several
methods for direct, or primary, data collection, including surveys,
questionnaires, direct observations, and focus groups.
When you decide to conduct original research, the data you gather can be
quantitative or qualitative. Generally, you collect quantitative data through
sample surveys, experiments and observational studies. You obtain
qualitative data through focus groups, in-depth interviews and case studies.
ANSWER KEY
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It is through data collection that a business or management has the quality
information they need to make informed decisions from further analysis, study, and
research. ... Data collection instead allows them to stay on top of trends, provide
answers to problems, and analyze new insights to great effect.
2. What is data?
Data is measured, collected and reported, and analyzed, whereupon it can be
visualized using graphs, images or other analysis tools. Data as a general concept
refers to the fact that some existing information or knowledge is represented or
coded in some form suitable for better usage or processing.
Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations
or just descriptions of things.
Data are individual pieces of factual information recorded and used for the purpose
of analysis. It is the raw information from which statistics are created. Statistics are
the results of data analysis - its interpretation and presentation. ... Often these types
of statistics are referred to as 'statistical data’.
APPLICATION (Answers may vary)
1. Data are pieces of knowledge or facts known by many people around the
world. How can we gather data with the following?
a. People
By gathering data from people, we often get non-numerical, or unstructured -- focus
group feedback, survey responses, social media posts, online comments,
handwritten letters and phone calls, for example -- meaning, most big data analysis
software can't handle it.
b. Library
Primary sources include statistical data, manuscripts, surveys, speeches,
biographies/autobiographies, diaries, oral histories, interviews, works or art and
literature, research reports, government documents, computer programs, original
documents (birth certificates, trial transcripts...) etc.
c. Internet
The Internet is a very powerful worldwide instrument, which serves as a good
source for research work and learning. It generates current information, facts-
finding, and is the most outstanding invention in the area of communication in the
history of the human race.
ENRICHMENT (Answers may vary)
REFERENCES

Agustin, D.M., (2020). Practical Research 2, POGIL MODULE, Ayala NHS Senior
High School

Babbie, E. 2014. The basics of social research. 6th ed. USA: Wadsworth Cengage
Learning.

Baraceros, E. L., (2016). Practical Research 2, First Edition. Manila: Rex

Bookstore, Inc.

Emmel, N. 2013. Sampling and choosing cases in qualitative research. Los Angeles:
Sage.

De Vaus, D. 2014. Survey in social research. 5th ed. London: Rouledge.

Lapan, S., Quartaroli, M., and Riemer, F. 2012. An introduction to research methods
and designs. USA: Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Imprint.

Picardie, C. and Masick, K. D. 2014. Research methods (designing and conduction

research with a real-world focus). Los Angeles: Sage.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Peñaranda St., Surigao City
Surigao del Norte, Philippines 8400
Tel. No: (086) 826-8216
Email Address: surigao.delnorte@deped.gov.ph

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