MILD STEEL:

Low-carbon steel, also known as mild steel is now the most common form of steel because its
price is relatively low while it provides material properties that are acceptable for many
applications. Low-carbon steel contains approximately 0.05–0.25% carbon making it malleable
and ductile. Mild steel has a relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to form.

Name MILD STEEL

Phase at spt solid
Melting point 1450 °C
UTS 400-550 MPa
Yield strength 250 MPa
Young modulus of elasticity 200 GPa
hardness 120 BHN
Thermal conductivity 50 W/mK
Heat capacity 510 J/g K
density 7850 kg/m3

Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel

Materials are frequently chosen for various applications because they have desirable
combinations of mechanical characteristics. For structural applications, material properties
are crucial and engineers must take them into account.

Strength of Mild Steel

In mechanics of materials, the strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied
load without failure or plastic deformation. Strength of materials basically considers the
relationship between the external loads applied to a material and the
resulting deformation or change in material dimensions. Strength of a material is its
ability to withstand this applied load without failure or plastic deformation.
Ultimate Tensile Strength
Ultimate tensile strength of Mild Steel is between 400 – 550 MPa.
 The ultimate tensile strength is the maximum on the
engineering stress-strain curve. This corresponds to the maximum stress that can be
sustained by a structure in tension. Ultimate tensile strength is often shortened to “tensile
strength” or even to “the ultimate.” If this stress is applied and maintained, fracture will
result. Often, this value is significantly more than the yield stress (as much as 50 to 60
percent more than the yield for some types of metals). When a ductile material reaches its
ultimate strength, it experiences necking where the cross-sectional area reduces locally.
The stress-strain curve contains no higher stress than the ultimate strength. Even though
deformations can continue to increase, the stress usually decreases after the ultimate
strength has been achieved. It is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend
on the size of the test specimen. However, it is dependent on other factors, such as the
preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and
the temperature of the test environment and material. Ultimate tensile strengths vary
from 50 MPa for an aluminum to as high as 3000 MPa for very high-strength steels.
Yield Strength
Yield strength of Mild Steel is 250 MPa.
The yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic
behavior and the beginning plastic behavior. Yield strength or yield stress is the material
property defined as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically whereas
yield point is the point where nonlinear (elastic + plastic) deformation begins. Prior to the
yield point, the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when
the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed, some fraction of the
deformation will be permanent and non-reversible. Some steels and other materials exhibit
a behaviour termed a yield point phenomenon. Yield strengths vary from 35 MPa for a low-
strength aluminum to greater than 1400 MPa for very high-strength steels.
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity
Young’s modulus of elasticity of Mild Steel is 200 GPa.
The Young’s modulus of elasticity is the elastic modulus for tensile and compressive stress
in the linear elasticity regime of a uniaxial deformation and is usually assessed by tensile
tests. Up to a limiting stress, a body will be able to recover its dimensions on removal of the
load. The applied stresses cause the atoms in a crystal to move from their equilibrium
position. All the atoms are displaced the same amount and still maintain their relative
geometry. When the stresses are removed, all the atoms return to their original positions
and no permanent deformation occurs. According to the Hooke’s law, the stress is
proportional to the strain (in the elastic region), and the slope is Young’s modulus.
Young’s modulus is equal to the longitudinal stress divided by the strain.

Hardness of Mild Steel

Brinell hardness of Mild Steel is approximately 120 MPa.

In materials science, hardness is the ability to withstand surface indentation (localized

plastic deformation) and scratching. Hardness is important from an engineering
standpoint because resistance to wear by either friction or erosion by steam, oil, and water
generally increases with hardness.
Brinell hardness test is one of indentation hardness tests, that has been developed for
hardness testing. In Brinell tests, a hard, spherical indenter is forced under a specific load
into the surface of the metal to be tested.

There are a variety of test methods in common use (e.g.

Brinell, Knoop, Vickers and Rockwell). There are tables that are available correlating the
hardness numbers from the different test methods where correlation is applicable. In all
scales, a high hardness number represents a hard metal.
Strength of Mild Steel
In mechanics of materials, the strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied
load without failure or plastic deformation. Strength of materials basically considers the
relationship between the external loads applied to a material and the
resulting deformation or change in material dimensions. Strength of a material is its
ability to withstand this applied load without failure or plastic deformation.
Ultimate Tensile Strength
Ultimate tensile strength of Mild Steel is between 400 – 550 MPa.
The ultimate tensile strength is the maximum on the engineering stress-strain curve. This
corresponds to the maximum stress that can be sustained by a structure in tension.
Ultimate tensile strength is often shortened to “tensile strength” or even to “the
ultimateWhen a ductile material reaches its ultimate strength, it experiences necking
where the cross-sectional area reduces locally. The stress-strain curve contains no higher
stress than the ultimate strength. Even though deformations can continue to increase, the
stress usually decreases after the ultimate strength has been achieved. It is an intensive
property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen. However, it
is dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or
otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and
material. Ultimate tensile strengths vary from 50 MPa for an aluminum to as high as 3000
MPa for very high-strength steels.
Yield Strength
Yield strength of Mild Steel is 250 MPa.
The yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic
behavior and the beginning plastic behavior. Yield strength or yield stress is the material
property defined as the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically whereas
yield point is the point where nonlinear (elastic + plastic) deformation begins. Prior to the
yield point, the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when
the applied stress is removed.
of Elasticity
Young’s modulus of elasticity of Mild Steel is 200 GPa.
The Young’s modulus of elasticity is the elastic modulus for tensile and compressive stress
in the linear elasticity regime of a uniaxial deformation and is usually assessed by tensile
tests. Up to a limiting stress, a body will be able to recover its dimensions on removal of the
load. The applied stresses cause the atoms in a crystal to move from their equilibrium
position
Thermal Properties of Mild Steel
Thermal properties of materials refer to the response of materials to changes in
their temperature and to the application of heat. As a solid absorbs energy in the form of
heat, its temperature rises and its dimensions increase. But different materials react to
the application of heat differently.
Heat capacity, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity are properties that are often
critical in the practical use of solids.
Melting Point of Mild Steel
Melting point of Mild Steel is around 1450°C.
In general, melting is a phase change of a substance from the solid to the liquid phase.
The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which this phase change occurs.
The melting point also defines a condition in which the solid and liquid can exist in
equilibrium.
Thermal Conductivity of Mild Steel
Mild Steel is a multi-element substance, principally of iron, with additions of carbon and
impurities. The thermal conductivity of wrought iron is around 50 W/(m.K).
The heat transfer characteristics of a solid material are measured by a property called
the thermal conductivity, k (or λ), measured in W/m.K.
The thermal conductivity of most liquids and solids varies with temperature. For vapors,
it also depends upon pressure. In general:

Some applications of MILD STEEL are:

• Construction – Mild steel is used extensively for construction, as it advantageous
weldability and machinability. It can withstand impact loads and is broadly used in
construction, like buildings and bridges.
• Machinery applications – like automobile manufacturing. It is readily accessible to
cutting and welding.
• Knives – Carbon steel knives stay sharper for a longer time and easier to sharpen.
Professional chefs have a preference for high carbon steel knives as they required a
lot of precision knife work in the kitchen.
 • Fencing- Mild steel can be adept into different shapes and provides a visual appeal.
• Pipelines, Poles, wire, and nails are commonly manufactured by using mild steel.

Difference between Stainless Steel and Mild Steel

Steel is the phenomenal term that constitutes a huge variety of metal products. Stainless steel
and mild steel can clearly be distinguished, so as their applications.

Alloying element
This is the main characteristic to determine the factor. Stainless Steel has chromium, nickel,
and molybdenum as an alloying element, whereas Mild Steel is alloyed with carbon. This
basic composition is responsible for creating the difference in corrosion resistance,
weldability, cost, applications, etc.

Corrosion-Resistant
Chromium is the alloying element in stainless steel and reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere
to form a protective layer called chromium oxide. This layer provides considerable corrosion
resistance. On the contrary, Mild Steel does not have chromium. Iron content in Mild steel
reacts with moisture in the air and form iron oxide, which is basically rust. Stainless Steel
provides considerable resistance towards corrosion, whereas Mild steel does not, it requires
further coating preventing rust. Stainless steel is more strengthen than Mild steel.

Hardness
Stainless Steel exhibits more hardness than mild steel, as Stainless steel contains chromium
and nickel.

Ductility
Ductility is the ability to undergo deformation with cracking. Mild steel has low carbon
content, and it is more ductile than stainless steel.

Weldability
Mild steel is more weldable than stainless steel.

Magnetization
Mild steel shows permanent magnetization as iron content is more. Conversely, stainless
steel does not characterize by the presence of a magnetic field.

Fabrication
It is easy to cut or bent the Mild steel whereas to fabricate stainless steel, machinery and
technique are necessary.

Aesthetics
Stainless steel has more shiny and visual appeal than mild steel.

Cleaning and Maintenance

Stainless steel requires less maintenance than mild steel

Applications
Mild steel is extensively used in construction and automobile. Due to corrosion resistance
ability, Stainless steel widely uses in commercial food processing equipment, chemical
storage, and manufacturing, surgical equipment, marine use, etc.

Life span
Existence duration is more for stainless steel, as mild steel gets corrode easily without
proper maintenance.

Cost
The cost is a noteworthy concern when it comes to choosing between stainless steel and mild
steel. The alloying elements, manufacturing process, and skilled workers are workings
requisite for producing stainless steel. On the counterpart, Mild steel is an economical metal.

To conclude, Stainless steel and mild steel exhibits distinctive matchless qualities. The type
of steel to decide depends on comprehensive needs. At Ambica Steels, our expert engineering
solution group is always ready for inquiries and consultations.
Why we use mild steel :
Mild steel is widely used in machinery and automobile manufacturing. It is cheap, suitable for
different cutting and coating methods and has good weldability while providing good enough
physical properties. These attributes make it useful for producing frames, panels, etc.
Mild steel is an industrial material.It is Commonly used type of Steel. It is used for
many purposes and man industries because of its properties and advantages. It is
most economical form of steel and that is why it is most used Steel for many
purposes.

Mild Steel is basic type of carbon Steel. The Carbon Steel has the carbon percentage
range 0.08% to 1%.

Mild steel is a low carbon steel and it has the percentage of carbon 0.15% to 0.3%.
Mild steel is a type of low Carbon Steel because it has very low amount of carbon. The hardness of the Steel
depends on the amount of carbon in it. If the amount of carbon is higher, the ductility of the material will be
low. This theory makes the mild steel a ductile material as it contains less a mount of carbon in it.

Mild steel contains 0.15 % to 0.30% of carbon. Below this percentage the Steel is called dead Steel. And above
this percentage of carbon steel is called high Carbon Steel.

As mild steel is not an alloy Steel so it will not contain other elements prominently. Other contents like
chromium, molybdenum, silicon, Manganese etc will be in very few percentage which will not affect much to its
properties.

Due to great ductility and malleability, mild steel can be used for many purposes li ke wiring, pipe drawing, thin
sheet making, kitchen utensil manufacturing etc.
The low amount of carbon causes the less brittleness in the material but the amount of carbon is sufficient
enough to make the Steel hard. So where ever the combination of less brittleness and good hardness is required
mild steel can be a better choice for the manufacturers.

mild steel material has the property of conduction of electricity. So it can be used for many electrical purpose is
like wiring, welding etc.

Mild steel has the ferromagnetic properties. So it can be used for magnetocaloric purposes and for other
magnetic are electric devices.

Mild steel is widely used in manufacturing industry because of it's great machinability. This important property
makes the mild steel to be used in big industries like construction, automobile and pumps etc.

Mild steel is the cheapest of carbon Steel and it is the most used steel in the world.

The environment can cause the corrosion or rust on the mild steel. It causes in the mild steel because of
absence of alloying elements because alloying elements have very low percentage in the mild steel. So this
should be taken care of during assessment of the material selection. One should use stainless steel if he wants
rust free products.

Material use for plier grip

For a comfortable grip, most combination pliers, and most types of pliers generally, have
plastic-coated handles. This should make the tool more comfortable to use and help
prevent slipping. Some plastic handles are specifically designed for use with high voltage
electricity cables. These will have VDE markings on the handles, along with the maximum
rated voltage they can be used with.
For extra comfort, many pliers have handles described as being bi-material. This is where
two different plastics are used, often characterised by their different colours. These
generally consist of a harder plastic near the core of the handles and a softer plastic where
your hand touches the handles.