SOUTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY PHINMA

Urgello Street, Sambag 2, Cebu City Philippines 6000

What Factors Influence Teenage Pregnancy in

North Poblacion, City of Naga, Philippines In The Year 2020?
What Impact Does This Have On Them?

A Research Paper
Presented to the Subject Teacher
Ms. Judith Caracut

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

By:

Melencion, Bea Cassandra P.

Leader

Heyrosa, Aaliyah Julianne B.

Maranga, Lheanne Maeve P.

Menor, John Andrei L.

Navaja, Kriztel Andrei L.

Otom, Aihni Ybanez Y.

Members

Mrs. Judith Lopez Caracut

Subject Teacher

August 2022
Date of Submission
 APPROVAL SHEET

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………... i
APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………………………...i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………….....i
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….….…….ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….… .iii
DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………………...iv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

1.1 Rationale…………………………………………………………………….………
1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………….. 1
1.3 Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework of the Study ( Research Paradigm)……4
1.4 Definition of Terms
……………………………………………………….……… 5
1.5 Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………….. 5
1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study……………………………………………. 6

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

METHODOLOGY

1.7 Research Design, Instrumentations , Locale and Respondents…………… 6

1.8.1 Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………………………… 7
1.9 Data Analysis Procedure …………………………………………………….. 7
1.10 Ethical Considerations ……………………………………………………… 7

II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

1.10.1 Descriptive Analysis ……………………………………………………….... 8

1.10.2 Inferential Analysis ………………………………………………………… 8

III SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1.10.3 Summary ………………………………………………………………………. 8

1.10.4 Conclusions …………………………………………………….……………. 8
1.11 Implications …………………………………………………………………… 9
1.12 Recommendations …………………………………………………………… 10
 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Rationale

Teenage pregnancy occurs in all countries, but the prevalence of

teenage pregnancy and the desire to have children vary from country to

country. Spencer [1] defined teenage pregnancy as occurring in a young

woman from her thirteen years to her nineteen years, and Macleod [2] defined

it as the practice and functions of adulthood (coitus, reproduction, and

motherhood) are characterized as a social dilemma. Pregnancy tends to result

from sexual activity, depending on whether it is voluntary or not. One of the

most traumatic and detrimental impacts of teenage pregnancy is that it

makes it very difficult for the girl to finish her education.

In the Philippines, teenage pregnancies increased by 70% in a decade

(Ugochi, Daniels 2012). According to a United Nations Fund for Population

Activities (UNFPA) country representative, the number of teenage pregnancies

in the country is a source of concern that the agency is addressing, putting

adolescent girls (10-19) at risk. According to Fair and Fearless Freeman (2005),

the country is experiencing an increase in the number of pregnant young

women, the majority of those being unmarried. Young women are not

mentally or physically prepared to become young parents since they are more

prone to suffering throughout pregnancy. This illustrates how little knowledge

there is among young women over pregnancy.

The Naga City Population and Nutrition Office (CPNO) has warned the

public about adolescent pregnancy, which exposes female teenagers to a

variety of health concerns. According to the CPNO program officer, adolescent

pregnancy occurs when a woman under the age of 20 becomes pregnant. It

primarily relates to teenagers aged 15 to 19. One of the interventions that the

CPNO has been carrying out is the demand creation activity, which involves

organizing and visiting the youth in the barangay and providing them with the

appropriate help to reduce the number of cases of early pregnancy. In addition,

the Naga City Teen Center, which provides direct interventions to avoid

dangerous sexual and non-sexual behaviors among young people, encourages

them to address various issues and concerns that affect them. Young people

can also get counseling and learn the skills they need to live ethically.

The lack of access to sexual education and health care is indeed one of

the major causes of teenage pregnancies, amongst many other factors. This

runs contrary to alternative family planning methods taught by the church.

The development of new technology is viewed as one of the leading factors of

the massive increase of teenage pregnancies. However, adolescents who use

their smartphones, computers, and tablet devices are becoming captivated by

various social networking sites like Facebook, Online Dating, Instagram, etc.

Unplanned pregnancies mainly occur from teens' curiosity about new

technology and their ease of access to it, as well as their propensity for

engaging in sexual activity without the proper knowledge of contraception

and family planning. The biggest question is: Despite their young ages, are

they consciously aware of taking on the role of a mother? How far will

teenagers go to prevent teenage pregnancies? Is abortion a significant risk?

Teenage pregnancy is a serious modern socioeconomic dilemma that

most countries are facing. Furthermore, research shows that almost half of all

residents in Seaside, North Poblacion, City of Naga, have been pregnant or

have had someone pregnant at some point. The aim of the present study is to

identify the causes, effects, challenges, and coping mechanisms of unwanted

pregnancies among teenagers from affluent or low-income families living in

Seaside, North Poblacion, City of Naga, and to determine the adverse

associated factors during teenage pregnancies. Moreover, this is to help and

guide them in coping with this kind of such a terrible situation. This is also to

prepare adolescents for problems that may occur during teenage pregnancy.

Statement of the Problem

Teen pregnancy is widely acknowledged as a problem for youth, their

families, and society. There is, however, a scarcity of research on teenagers'

attitudes toward pregnancy and sexual health. The purpose of this research is

to investigate how teenage mothers deal with their circumstances through

their academics and childbearing. More precisely, what are the difficulties they

have encountered during their pregnancy? And determine the factors

affecting early pregnancy in teenagers in Seaside, North Poblacion, Naga City.

The study is also intended to discover the coping mechanisms employed by

pregnant adolescent mothers in their circumstances, as well as to gain insight

into the personal experiences of pregnant adolescent mothers. It aims to

examine the influence of pregnancy on the psychological well-being of

teenagers.

To encapsulate, the purpose of the study is to help the readers

understand the endeavors experienced by adolescents during teenage

pregnancy.

Further, this research intends to provide answers to the following

questions:

1. What are the factors that cause early pregnancy among respondents in

Seaside, North Poblacion, Naga City?

2. What variables can influence early pregnancy?

 2.1 Lack of education and information about reproductive sexual health

including lack of access to tools that prevent pregnancies

2.2 Different factors toward teenage pregnancy

2.3 Abortion

3. How can teen pregnancy be prevented or minimized?

3.1 Abstinence

3.2 Contraceptives

3.3 Communication

Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework of the Study (Research Paradigm)

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

I. Profile of the
Respondents
• Collection of Profile of teenage
• Gender data mothers and Factors
• Age • Analysis and Influencing Teenage
• Highest Interpretation of Pregnancy and its
Educational data Impact are identified.
Attainment • Presentation of
results
II. Factors Influencing
Teenage Pregnancy
and its Impact

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1 shows the conceptual model of the study on the factors

influencing teenage pregnancy and its impact.
 The first frame presents the input of the study that includes profile of
respondents such as gender, age, highest educational attainment, and what
factors that influence teenage pregnancy.

The second frame present the process of the study that involves
assessment of the factors influencing teenage pregnancy and its impact
through data gathering with the use of face-to-face interviews, and the data
analysis.

The third frame presents the output of the study which includes the
profile of teenage mothers and the factors influencing teenage pregnancy
and its impact.

The arrows from the input to the process and to the output show the
connection and transformation of the profile and aspects with the actions
taken into results that are considered as output.

Definition of Terms

For clarity of ideas, the following terms are defined according to how they are

used in the study:

Abortion - The ending of pregnancy by the removal or forcing out from the

womb of a fetus or an embryo before it is able to survive of its own.

Abstinence - A self-enforced restraint from indulging in bodily activities that

are widely experienced as giving pleasure.

Cause - According to the oxford dictionary, cause is a thing that produces an

effect.

Contraceptives - A device or drug serving to prevent pregnancy

Pregnancy - A process whereby a female carries a live offspring from the time

of conception to childbirth.

Teenage Mothers - Adolescent mothers are women between the ages of 11 and

19 who become pregnant and parent their children.

Teenage Pregnancy - Refers to any pregnancy of women that took place

between the ages of 13 - 19 years old.

Significance of the Study

This study aimed to provide valuable information on how The Factors

Influence Teenage Pregnancy in North Poblacion, City of Naga, Philippines In

The Year 2020 and What Impact Does This Have On Them. The results of this
study are beneficial to the Youth community most especially young women.

The following will be the beneficiaries of the study:

Young Women (under 20). The factors of teenage pregnancy may help them

to be aware. This study will teach them about the effects of pregnancy at a very

young age and will also give an awareness of the happenings in our society.

Teenage Mothers. This will show and make them realize what they did. It will

help them know the effects of being pregnant at a young age.

Future Researchers. The result of this research may be a basis for further

studies and can be used as related literature.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This research study focuses on adolescent mothers in North Poblacion,

Naga City, in the year 2020. This involves conducting a survey among teenage

mothers in Naga, Poblacion. Since many teenage mothers are unable to

complete the interview, the number of people who can participate is limited

to only three.
 The purpose of the study is to investigate how teenage mothers cope

with their circumstances through academics and childbearing. The study also

aims to learn about the coping techniques employed by pregnant adolescent

mothers in their circumstances, as well as to obtain an insight into their

personal experiences.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents literature and studies related to the present research
work that guided the researchers in the formulation of the conceptual
framework of the study.

METHODOLOGY

Introduction

This chapter shall discuss the research methods available for the study.

Thus, this part of the study outlines the method of research used, research

design, respondents, data gathering, research instruments used, data analysis,

and ethical consideration.

Research Design

This study is an experimental quantitative study that focuses on the

impact and factors influencing teenage pregnancy in North Poblacion, City of

Naga. To fulfill the study's goals, the researchers used an experimental

research design and methodology. To gather data and information,

researchers will conduct interviews using survey questionnaires. Using these

sorts of questions, researchers could get direct or correct responses as well as

detailed explanations from respondents.

Research Instrument

The primary tool or instrument used for this research is an open face-to-

face interview. This interview will allocate questions that will be addressed in a

face-to-face interview with teenage mothers. The researchers chose face-to-

face interviews as their research instrument because they believe that it is

more formal, and they are able to talk to and assist the respondents regarding

the issue.

An interview guide using open-ended questions was prepared to gather

data pertaining to the factors that influence teenage pregnancy and what

impact does this have on them. The interviews will be conducted through local
dialect, Cebuano or Visayan, in order to facilitate the interview process among

respondents who prefer the local language for the interview. Each of the

researchers will use a note-taking method to encode the conversation for

decoding purposes that will be used on the later pages of the study. The

interview will be a way for the researchers to procure knowledge and

information on the topic.

Research Locale

The research was conducted at North Poblacion, a barangay in the city

of Naga, province of Cebu. Naga City is one of Cebu Province's cities located in

the Southern part of Cebu City, Visayas Region, Republic of the Philippines.

North Poblacion is situated at approximately 10.2129, 123.7579, on the island of

Cebu. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 4.3 meters or 14.1 feet

above mean sea level.

Respondents

The selected respondents in this study were the teenage mothers from

North Poblacion, City of Naga. The researchers enforced capable and

comparable numbers of respondents in North Poblacion, City of Naga. There

were a total of identified teenage mothers who provided time and took part

participating in this study. The researchers utilized non-random quota

sampling to perform the face-to-face interviews. The researchers' chosen

number of respondents is used as a reference point for determining the factors

that influence teenage pregnancy and the impact this has on them, as well as

how to provide relevant information about the disadvantages of teenage

pregnancy.

Non-random quota sampling is a method of selecting units or samples

from a population. This means that elements from the population are chosen,

and not everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen for

the sample. This offers that the results are available at an affordable cost and,

if the variables are properly selected for segmentation, know that the results

gathered in the research are reliable.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers had sworn time, effort, and collaboration to developing

their questionnaire to serve its intended respondents; It was constructed using

relevant questions adapted from related research as well as individual

questions developed by the researchers. After gathering all data through

interviews and internet resources, the outcome should serve as the foundation

for the Factors that Influence Teenage Pregnancy in North Poblacion, the City

of Naga In The Year 2020, and The Impact This Has On Them.

Data Analysis Procedure

Once all of the data had been transcribed, it was processed,

interpreted, and confirmed. The act of transcribing interviews might allow the

research to develop a better understanding of the subject by referring and

reading the transcribed interviews again. The data was then evaluated,

analyzed, and arranged into themes and sub-themes that arose as a result of

the analyzation process. The topics which emerged were assigned a specific

code accordingly. The next step was to interpret the data by finding any

recurring themes and emphasizing any similarities and contrasts in the data.
 The final stage was data verification, which is a method of testing the

accuracy of understanding by rechecking the transcripts, allowing the

researcher to confirm or modify previously established ideas

Ethical Considerations

In conducting this study, the researcher made it credible to all

participants that their participation was reservedly optional and that they were

under no pressure or obligation to answer any questions that were posed to

them, which meant that they were free to withdraw from the study at any

moment. Respondents will be informed that the researchers will keep their

information confidential, that their participation is fully voluntary, and that they

will be aware of the researchers' goals. It is to assure the information of having

a consent towards all below 50 responders from North Poblacion.

The participants conceded to participate in the interview and agreed to

answer all of the questions presented to them if they could. Before the

interview, the participants were given advance notice of the questions that will

be asked by the researchers. The participants were informed of the length of

time parallel with the interview, and enough time was provided before and

after the interview for the participant to ask questions on the study issue.
 Since all participants are teenage mothers, researchers prevent selecting

difficult topics beyond the scope of a teenage mother’s expertise. Furthermore,

researchers address linguistic issues for those who are not fluent in English,

allowing them to respond to the interview in their mother tongue. It is crucial

to highlight that different people have diverse experiences with their

education; consequently, the researcher must be aware of how to deal with

different teenage mothers from different lives.