A Case Study on The Underlying Causes of Teenage Pregnancy

in Barangay Sabang Bao

A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
ACLC COLLEGE OF ORMOC
Ormoc City, Philippines

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Practical Research 1

By

ALAYON, CARMELA G.
CABARON, RUZZANE
CASUNGGAY, NASH T.
DELOS REYES, MARK KENNETH G.
TABORADA, HANZEL C.

JULY 2022
 Acknowledgement

To Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior, for giving wisdom, strength, support and
knowledge in exploring things, for guidance in helping surpass all the trials that we encountered
and for giving determination to pursue our study, and to make this study possible.

The researchers would like to extend their deepest sincerest gratitude to all people who
helped there in any manner, who have shared the effort and knowledge in order to make this
research a reality.

Whatever has been accomplished and whatever has been the product of every and
endeavor, there is a great source of all effort, striving, guidance and gracious blessings without
who this task would have been impossible.

The researchers would like to express our sincere gratitude to our research adviser, Ms.
Rochelle L. Solis, for the continuous support to our study and research, for her patience,
enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helps us all the time with researching and
writing this research. We could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for our
study.

To the researcher’s loving parents, for their moral encouragement, financial assistance as
well as their spiritual support in every path the researcher's take.

Thank you!

-RESEARCHER
Dedication

This humble piece of work is lovingly dedicated to researcher's parents who serve as their

inspiration, to our friends, and all our classmates who always make us happy and inspired all

throughout this research. To ALMIGHTY GOD who serves as guidance and the source of

strength and knowledge for without his guidance everything is futile.

 Table of Contents Page

Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................5

Statement of the Problem .................................................................................6

Variables ..........................................................................................................6

Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................7

Significance of the Study .................................................................................8

Scope and Delimitations ..................................................................................9

Definition of Terms .........................................................................................9

Chapter 2: Research Methodology .................................................................................10

Research Design .............................................................................................10

Sampling..........................................................................................................11

Research Respondents.....................................................................................11

Research Environment.....................................................................................11

Research Interview..........................................................................................12

Appendices......................................................................................................12
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

This research will be conducting about Teenage Pregnancy. The Philippines has one of

the highest teenage pregnancy rates among the ASEAN member states. More than 500

adolescents are becoming pregnant and giving birth every day. The teenage pregnancy rate in the

Philippines was 10% in 2008, down to 9% in 2017. Live births by teenage mothers (aged 10-19)

in 2016 totaled 203,085, which slightly decreased to 196,478 in 2017 and 183,000 in 2018. Still,

the Philippines has one of the highest adolescent birth rates among the ASEAN Member States.

Teenage pregnancy affects 5.99 percent of Filipino girls which is the second highest rate in

Southeast Asia based on Save the Children’s Global Childhood Report (2019). In 2019, the

Philippines National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) declared the number of

teenage pregnancies a "national social emergency". Rodrigo Duterte, the President of the

Philippines, realized the urgency as the Commission on Population and Development in 2019

recorded that almost seven girls, aged ten to fourteen, gave birth everyday- 2,411 girls that year.

An estimated 538 babies are born to Filipino teenage mothers every single day, according to

Philippine Statistical Authority (2017 Early teenage pregnancy can cause severe health problems

for both the mother and child it can carries also a social stigma that leads to a high risk of

poverty, illiteracy, or lower education levels. Early childbearing may result in poor health

outcomes and may be a threat to the country's economic growth. Pregnant adolescents are less

likely to complete higher education and have lesser ability to earn more income over the course

of a lifetime, causing economic losses to the country. Teenagers will benefit from this study, to

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know what are the consequences that they will encounter of being early motherhood in Barangay

Sabang Bao.

Statement of the Problem

This study will focus on the causes of teenage pregnancy in Barangay Sabang Bao.

Specifically, this will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What are the causes of teenage pregnancy?

2. What are the consequence of being teenage parents?

3. What are the coping mechanisms of teenage parents?

Variables (Independent and Dependent)

In this research the Independent Variable is Teenage Pregnancy because it is the main

idea and subject of this research. The dependent variable is the Causes and of Teenage

Pregnancy in Barangay Sabang Bao it is the item that the researcher is measuring for this study.

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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the Data gathering The result of the study

respondents according
 Questionnaire  How teenage
To:
 Survey girls faced their
 Age
 Data gathering pregnancy
 Gender
procedures  The factors of
 Year level
teenage
 Location pregnancy

The researcher adopted the Input Process Output (IPO) model. it includes all of the

materials and the information that are required in the process, the specific details of the process

itself. The concept model, as shown. It shows what is the process of determining the causes of

teenage pregnancy.

For input, it consists of the respondent's profile as well as aspects related to the

educational research's dependent and independent variables. Usually, all the details specified in

the statement of the problems are stipulated here.

For process, it includes the questionnaires that were utilized, the observations that were

made, the data collection method.

For output this includes the action taken after interpreting the results of the study.

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Significance of the Study

This study will be greatly important to the following:

Teenagers. As of now many teenage girls under age of 20 got pregnant for the reason of

that is less of care, love of the family some of it is poverty, gender inequalities, gender-based

violence, substance use, poor access to contraceptives and issues with termination of pregnancy.

Teenagers will benefit from this study is to know what are the consequences that they will

encounter of being early motherhood.

Parents. To some parents, the news that you're having a baby will feel like a terrible

crisis. Depending on their beliefs, cultural values, or personalities, parents might feel shame,

guilt, or embarrassment. They might feel angry and assign blame. Sometimes parents scream,

yell, and use putdowns. This will help them to educate their offspring whether if pregnant or not,

that being an early motherhood is very controversial in human life. This will lead them to guide

themselves financially for aspect of their daughter.

To Future Researchers, this study would help the student researchers to be aware and

knowledgeable of teenage pregnancy. It would help them to be a better analyst and it can be a

help as a future reference for more studies in the future.

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Scope and Delimitations

The study focused on the extent of the causes of teenage pregnancy in Barangay Sabang

Bao which are family, peers, community, and the educational development of students. The

perception of the teenager to the effects of causes of teenage pregnancy were limited to

educational development only. The goal of this research is to know the consequences of teenage

parents. Data were gathered using open-ended responses, questionnaires, participant

observations, and reflections was used to test for significant relationship between variables. This

study is limited to Barangay Sabang Bao only and won’t affect or compromise other Barangays.

Definition of Terms

Teenage Pregnancy

o is defined as occurring between thirteen and nineteen years of age. There are, however, girls

as young as ten who are sexually active and occasionally become pregnant and give birth.

The vast majority of teenage births in the United States occurs among girls between thirteen

and nineteen years of age.

Teenager

o person ages from 13-19 yrs. Male and Female.

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 Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

This contains the method used in the study particularly the discussion of the research

design, research respondents, research timeline, ethical issues, research interview, and research

environment.

Research Design

The study used a Phenomenological and Action Research design which is focused on

describing the causes of teenage pregnancy in Barangay Sabang Bao. The method used in this

study is qualitative research. It involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to

understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. This research made use of descriptive employing

correlational and developmental methods of research. Best (1990) cited that descriptive research

is a method that involves describing, analyzing, and interpreting conditions that exist. It involves

an element of interpretation of the meaning of significance of what is described, combined with

comparison and contrast involving measurements, classification, interpretation, and evaluation

(Fistinger, 2004). This method of research is known to be the most applicable for this study for

the purpose of presenting the data gathered in the survey questionnaire conducted that are

concerned to the extent of teenage pregnancy: causes in Barangay Sabang. The perception of the

teenager to the effects of causes of teenage pregnancy were limited to educational development

only.

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Sampling

The method that was used in choosing the respondents was purposive sampling, picking

all the cases that meet the criterion. The researcher will choose purposive sampling, considering

that the population of respondents is small and there are lots to consider on securing the

respondents’ participation. Furthermore, the victims might be ashamed to disclose their

experiences, some don’t want to refresh their sad past chapter of their lives, others have

transferred to other place and there are still others that were not be reached for comments.

Research Respondents

The respondents of the study are random person on social media, the study requires 50+

respondents. The researchers carried out the questionnaire on social media and look for 50

respondents to sight the statistics for the study. We have a total of 53 respondents, who have

knowledge about teenage pregnancy.

Research Environment

The researchers conducted this research through social media to follow the health

protocols due to covid-19 pandemic. The researchers personally gave the questionnaire to the

subjects/ respondents through social media due to pandemic. The people in social media were

approached to participate and cooperate in the research. They were assured that their

participation or non-participation to the study would not affect their care.

7
Research Interview

The researcher’s utilized a laptop to accumulate up and collect data of our research. We

find sources from Google Scholar, the researcher’s used Google form to make a survey for our

questionnaire for us to amass information’s and to ken the perspective of our respondents in

regards to teenage pregnancy.

Appendix A

Letter

Dear Respondents,

Greetings!

We, Carmela, Ruzzane, Nash, Ken, Hanzel are Grade 11 students of ACLC College of Ormoc,

under HUMSS strand. We are humbly asking for your permission to be tagged as one of our

possible respondents for our research since the conduct of our study will be held on the 4th

quarter this semester. Your cooperation with this matter is highly appreciated. Rest assured that

the info will be bound within our school and will remain confidential. Thank you and God speed!

Very truly yours,

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Researchers.

Appendix B

Location Map

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Appendix C

Questionnaire

What is your age?

o 13

o 14

o 15

o 16

o 17

o 18

o 19

What are the consequence do you encounter as teenage parent?

Ans:

What are your techniques to surpass or face teenage pregnancy?

Ans:

In your opinion, what are the causes of teenage pregnancies?

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Ans:

Appendix D

Research Timeline

Target Date Task and “To do list” Date Completed

Choosing the topic/title

May 02, 2022 “Teenage Pregnancy” May 04, 2022

Gathering 50 respondents
May 05, 2022 May 08, 2022

Organizing Ideas about the

May 09, 2022 research topic and finding May 15, 2022
data
Encoding the research data
May 16, 2022 May 27, 2022

Revising/Re-encoding the
June 17, 2022 research paper June 18, 2022

Submitting the research

June 20, 2022 proposal June 20, 2022

Appendix E

Ethical Issues

The ethical issues surrounding the topic may include further questions about the

perspectives of other members of the general population and may lead to further discussion

surrounding topics not covered in this study. The survey is limited to the data and purposes

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collected. It is continuously monitored, calibrated, and revised to increase the credibility and

reliability of the study.

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