Ideal gas law exercises

Exercise 1:

A gas occupies a volume of 2.5 L at a pressure of 1.2 atm and a temperature of 25 °C. What will be the volume of the
gas if the pressure is increased to 1.8 atm and the temperature is kept constant?

Solution:

Using the ideal gas law formula: PV = nRT

n = number of moles of gas (constant)

R = gas constant (constant)

Rearranging the formula, we get: V1/P1 = V2/P2

V1 = initial volume = 2.5 L

P1 = initial pressure = 1.2 atm

P2 = final pressure = 1.8 atm

V2 = final volume (unknown)

Substituting the values in the formula, we get:

V2 = (V1 x P2) / P1

V2 = (2.5 L x 1.8 atm) / 1.2 atm

V2 = 3.75 L

Therefore, the final volume of the gas is 3.75 L.

Exercise 2:

A gas occupies a volume of 4.5 L at a temperature of 27 °C and a pressure of 1.5 atm. What will be the pressure of
the gas if the volume is reduced to 2.5 L and the temperature is kept constant?

Solution:

Using the ideal gas law formula: PV = nRT

n = number of moles of gas (constant)

R = gas constant (constant)

Rearranging the formula, we get: P1V1 = P2V2

P1 = initial pressure = 1.5 atm

V1 = initial volume = 4.5 L

V2 = final volume = 2.5 L

P2 = final pressure (unknown)

Substituting the values in the formula, we get:

P2 = (P1 x V1) / V2

P2 = (1.5 atm x 4.5 L) / 2.5 L

P2 = 2.7 atm

Therefore, the final pressure of the gas is 2.7 atm.

Exercise 3:

A gas occupies a volume of 2.5 L at a temperature of 25 °C and a pressure of 1.2 atm. What will be the temperature
of the gas if the volume is increased to 3.5 L and the pressure is kept constant?

Solution:

Using the ideal gas law formula: PV = nRT

n = number of moles of gas (constant)

R = gas constant (constant)

Rearranging the formula, we get: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

P1 = initial pressure = 1.2 atm

V1 = initial volume = 2.5 L

V2 = final volume = 3.5 L

P2 = final pressure = 1.2 atm

T1 = initial temperature = 25 °C = 298 K

T2 = final temperature (unknown)

Substituting the values in the formula, we get:

T2 = (P2 x V2 x T1) / (P1 x V1)

T2 = (1.2 atm x 3.5 L x 298 K) / (1.2 atm x 2.5 L)

T2 = 418 K

Therefore, the final temperature of the gas is 418 K or 145 °C.

Exercise 4:

A gas occupies a volume of 10 L at a pressure of 3 atm and a temperature of 27 °C. What will be the number of moles
of gas present in the container?

Solution:

Using the ideal gas law formula: PV = nRT

P = pressure = 3 atm

V = volume = 10 L

T = temperature = 27 °C = 300 K

R = gas constant = 0.0821 L atm/mol K

Rearranging the formula to solve for n, we get:

n = (PV) / (RT)

n = (3 atm x 10 L) / (0.0821 L atm/mol K x 300 K)

n = 1.22 mol

Therefore, there are 1.22 moles of gas present in the container.

Exercise 5:

A gas occupies a volume of 1.5 L at a pressure of 2.0 atm and a temperature of 300 K. What will be the pressure of
the gas if the temperature is increased to 400 K and the volume is kept constant?

Solution:

Using the ideal gas law formula: PV = nRT

P = initial pressure = 2.0 atm

V = volume = 1.5 L

T1 = initial temperature = 300 K

T2 = final temperature = 400 K

R = gas constant = 0.0821 L atm/mol K

n = number of moles of gas (constant)

Rearranging the formula, we get: P1/T1 = P2/T2

Substituting the values in the formula, we get:

P2 = (P1 x T2) / T1

P2 = (2.0 atm x 400 K) / 300 K

P2 = 2.67 atm

Therefore, the final pressure of the gas is 2.67 atm.