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Requirements of Shear Strength and Hoops for Performance-Based Design

of Interior Beam-Column Joints

Article  in  Aci Structural Journal · March 2019

DOI: 10.14359/51713290

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 ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL
Title No. 116-S45
Requirements of Shear Strength and Hoops for
Performance-Based Design of Interior Beam-Column Joints
by Hyeon-Jong Hwang and Hong-Gun Park
In reinforced concrete moment frames subjected to cyclic loading,
the shear strength of beam-column joints is degraded as the lateral
deformation increases. In the present study, design equations
of the joint shear strength and hoop were developed for perfor-
mance-based design of interior beam-column joints. The target
drift ratio and bar bond parameters were considered to define
the requirements of the joint shear strength and hoop strength.
For verification, the proposed design method was applied to 50
existing interior beam-column joint specimens. The proposed
method predicted the variance of the joint shear strength according
to the target drift ratio. Further, the results of a parametric study
were used to simplify the proposed method, and a modification of
the current ACI 318 method was proposed for performance-based
design.
Keywords: bond slip; deformation capacity; energy dissipation ratio;
interior beam-column joint; joint hoop bars; joint shear strength; perfor-
mance-based design.
INTRODUCTION
Experiences under past earthquakes have shown that
existing reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames are
vulnerable to shear failure and bar bond-slip in the beam-
column joints.1-9 In the case of interior beam-column joints
with an insufficient column depth, the joint shear strength
decreases through early bar bond-slip, and joint shear failure
can ultimately occur.9 To mitigate the shear strength degra-
dation and bar bond-slip in the interior beam-column joints,
current earthquake design codes specify three minimum
requirements: column depth-to-bar diameter ratio hc/db
(where hc is column depth and db is diameter of beam flex-
ural bars); cross-sectional area Ah of joint hoops; and joint
shear strength Vjn.10-13 However, the performance level of the
frames (such as deformation capacity) corresponding to the
requirements has not yet been clearly defined.
To conduct performance-based design of moment frames,
the overall deformation capacity of the frames needs to be
clearly defined from the design parameters of beam-column
joints. In FEMA 356,14 the overall frame deformation is
defined with the yield deformation and plastic deformation
of the beam and joint. In general, the plastic deformation of
a joint is affected by the compression ratio, hoop spacing,
and shear strength. Fujii and Morita15 evaluated the effects
of the compression ratio, hoops, and shear strain on the
joint shear strength. Park et al.16 considered the effect of
the compression ratio on the joint shear strength. Hwang
and Lee17 applied the effect of joint shear deformation to
a strut-tie mechanism to develop a joint shear strength
model. Murakami et al.18 investigated the effects of joint
ACI Structural Journal/March 2019
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TECHNICAL PAPER
shear demand, joint hoop ratio, and yield strength of beam
flexural bars on the joint deformation capacity. Lee et al.6
considered the effect of cyclic loading on the strain increase
of the beam flexural bars, which was applied to predict the
joint shear strength degradation and deformation capacity.
Lee and Lin7 studied the effects of bar bond strength and
joint hoop ratio on joint shear strength degradation. Hong et
al.8 estimated the joint shear strength degradation by using
a strain-based bond model and strut-tie mechanism. Park et
al.19 applied arch and truss actions to predict the joint defor-
mation capacity of beam-column joints with shear failure.
Shiohara20,21 used a model with four triangular joint concrete
segments separated by diagonal cracking to evaluate the
joint shear strength. As such, existing studies have focused
on the relationship between the joint strength and joint shear
deformation. However, to conduct a performance-based
design of the moment frames, the joint shear strength degra-
dation needs to be defined using the overall frame deforma-
tion rather than the joint shear deformation.
Hwang et al.9 developed a joint shear strength degradation
model for interior moment-resisting sub-frames by consid-
ering the flexural yielding of the beam end, bar bond-slip,
bar elongation, and diagonal cracking and concrete crushing
in the joint panel. In the model, unlike other existing models,
the joint shear strength was defined as a function of the
overall lateral drift ratio of the sub-frame. Thus, for a given
target lateral drift, the joint shear strength can be defined.
However, such a method requires complicated calculations
due to the complexity in the interactions of the bar slip, bar
elongation, and diagonal cracking and shear deformation in
the joint panel.
In the present study, the existing joint shear strength
degradation model proposed by Hwang et al.9 was modi-
fied to derive a simplified design equation for the perfor-
mance-based design of the joint shear strength and hoop
strength. From a parametric analysis, the effect of the
primary design parameters on the joint shear strength and
hoop requirements was investigated. To verify the validity
of the proposed design equation, the proposed method was
compared to existing test results.
ACI Structural Journal, V. 116, No. 2, March 2019.
MS No. S-2018-122.R1, doi: 10.14359/51713290, was received April 17, 2018, and
reviewed under Institute publication policies. Copyright © 2019, American Concrete
Institute. All rights reserved, including the making of copies unless permission is
obtained from the copyright proprietors. Pertinent discussion including author’s
closure, if any, will be published ten months from this journal’s date if the discussion
is received within four months of the paper’s print publication.
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