Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the

Built Environment

SUBMISSION OF COURSEWORK
COVER SHEET

Name/s Yiu Chun Hei , Lau Ka Chiu, Chan Shing Cheong

Student No. 21192792 / 21192794

Programme Construction Management
Year of study 2022
Module code BNV6204
Module title Sustainable Building Design and Construction
Tutor (HK) Mr. Jimmy Chan
Submission date 28 December 2022
Coursework No. Low-carbon refurbishment proposal. Stage 2

DECLARATION
I have read and understood the University’s guidance on plagiarism and cheating. By submitting this work, I
confirm that this assignment is my own work (or, in the case of a group submission, that it is the result of joint
work undertaken by members of the group that I represent) and that it contains no unreferenced material from
another source. I also confirm that I have kept an electronic copy this assignment and will give this copy to the
university if required. I will also retain my copy of this form and I understand that I and/or members of my
group may be subject to disciplinary action if an allegation of academic misconduct is upheld in relation to this
assessment.
Signature/s of student/s HEI (YIU CHUN HEI) Date: 27 December 2022
Signature/s of student/s CHIU (LAU KA CHIU) Date: 27 December 2022
Signature/s of student/s CHEONG (CHAN SHING CHEONG) Date: 26 December 2022
Tutor’s Comments

(A) Achievement of learning outcomes:

(B) How this work might be improved:

Tutor’s Signature: Date:

Provisional Mark Awarded:

Note: marks may be moderated either up or down

by the examination board
 Table of Contents (P.1)
Chapter Page
Contents…………………………………………………………………........ P.1
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………. P.2
2. Detailed proposal of sustainable design……………………………. P.2
2.1 Detailed proposal of HVAC system…………………………………. P.2 – P.3
2.2 Detailed proposal of Fire safety strategies…………………………. P.3 – P.4
2.3 Detailed proposal of Waste and water management……………... P.4
2.4 Critical analysis …………………………………………………………. P.5
3.1 Life Cycle Analysis ……………...………………………………………. P.5
3.2 Cost estimation and maintenance ……………...……………………. P.5 – P.6
3.3 Healthy indoor environments ……………...………………………...... P.6 – P.7
4. Reference……………...………………………......……………................ P.8

1. Introduction
Zero gas emissions was the big challenge in new building development, so propose
effectiveness and sustainable design for the "Commune Modern" building, accord to 2050
greenhouse gas emissions. In a new building of zero carbon design, the most important is
building services system design such as heating ventilation and air conditioning system,
wastewater recycle system and rainwater recycle system. This proposal proposed the
design of the those systems, lifespan, cost estimation and future maintenance for the new
building design in Luen Wo Hui , an acquired island for the development of Net–zero
carbon building. This will hence involve proposals of sustainable designs, heritage
conservation and implementation of smart and renewable energy technologies that will
promote the three sustainability pillars while achieving the goal of reducing greenhouse gas
emissions and promote climate change.

2. Detailed proposal of sustainable design

World’s population and energy consumption keep increasing, however conventional energy
sources, such as fossil fuels, are limited and contribute to the carbon emission and release
of greenhouse gases. Therefore, in recent years considerable efforts have been devoted to
the development of alternative energy sources, with emphasis on renewable energy and
high efficiency system. So, design alternative energy systems and zero carbon emission for
the development is important.

2.1 Detailed proposal of Heating ventilation and air conditional system

Hong Kong is a tropical and humid weather are common, so a building use air conditioning
is important that occupants are comfortable. Heating Ventilation and Air conditional system
was the most energy consumption for building in Hong Kong. Therefore, choose HVAC
system was important, herewith three section of the HVAC system, air quality, and
temperature and humidity control. This building was a composite building with a Grade 3
historic, market and residential building. For the airside, it was suggested hybrid ventilation
system. For example, use Primary Air Handling Units (PAUs) for the fresh air intake and
connect with Air handling Units (AHUs) and Fan Coil Units (FCUs), for the secondly air-
cooling supply to more space, for PAUs advantage it can pre-trip wet air, decreased indoor
humidity and improve indoor air quality. However, PAUs can install with CO2 sensor and
variable speed drive (VSD), when the CO2 PPM was high, the motor fan can run high
speed, in normal time the motor run part load, for the high CO2 the motor run 70-80%
loading, keep the indoor good air quality.
 Figure 1 – PAUs connect with VSD and CO2 sensor

Figure 2 –Variable speed drive energy saving

Moreover, free cooling can apply during the winter from November to March in Hong Kong.
The outdoor air can in cooling effect to balance internal heat loads from lighting, people and
equipment, it can use PAUs intake the fresh with no cooling mode to make the indoor
cooling. This system can use less carbon emission, variable speed drive to control fan
motor speed, keep the good performance and high-energy efficiency use.

2.2 Detailed proposal of Fire safety strategies

In a high-rise building, the smoke detection system of each fire compartment is essential,
because they will detect the occurrence of fire and activate various fire protection
equipment, such as fire alarm bells, visual signals, etc. In the event of a fire, the smoke
extraction system will remove smoke and deliver fresh air to provide a safe enough
environment for customers to have enough time to escape.
Fire alarm system is a manual access to act the alarm. The call point is common type of
system used in Hong Kong. It is set together with hose reel point for the whole building.
Emergency lighting systems are used for both central batteries and self-contained batteries
as emergency power supplies. We assumed the batteries were all in good condition. Then,
the emergency lights will turn on and let all people to exist routes during emergencies.
There is enough fire shutter. Every floor has installed fire shutter active measure
equipment. Therefore, it is quite safe to prevent flames from spreading away from the
building. Besides, all fire shutters shall be installed with smoke detectors and manual
control devices on both sides of the openings. Portable firefighting equipment is important
in the building, such as Co2 fire extinguisher can protect plant room and main switch room.
However, in public corridors most fire protection systems such as hose reel, automatic
sprinkler system, and smoke detectors were found, it was enough to fire protection for that
area. The extinguishers are usually installed in plant rooms, meter rooms, and Food and
Beverage shops.
The fireman's lifts must provide in a new building design, when the fire happened, firemen
can use it to firefighting and help others.
The good fire barriers structure around building, the external components are well sealed
around the walls, the Fire Resistance Rating (FRR) is important of the new building design,
the high hazard place use the FRR coming high level, such as transformers room.
Fire staircases are fire rated in most respects. It has many escape staircases, and the
passages leading to them also meet the requirements of width and length. The exit sign in
the passages is obvious, self-energizing in terms of photometric, no external power supply
is required, and the material and length of the passage handrail also comply with the
regulations. According to observations, the stair pressurization system is functioning
normally, and the number of ventilation outlets is sufficient.
The fire hydrant is adequately installed as most of the building code requirements are
complied with, it installed at each floor staircase for fireman firefighting use. As for the fire
hose reel, the manual firefighting system, it provided to ensure that every part of the
building can be reached by a length of not more than 30 m of hose reel tubing.
Overall, most equipment is installed in good condition according to the COP code. We
believe that the fire protection design of this new building will effectively reduce the
probability of fire and maximize the escape of people and the intervention of firefighters in
the event of a real fire.
2.3 Detailed proposal of Waste and water management

In new development building designed, recycled water is the most successful reduce
wasting water and good performance of wastewater management. It is considered and
proposed collect rainwater of roof and sky garden connect and recycle the grey water such
as clothes washing machines, kitchen sinks, dishwashers and air-conditioning condense
water. Treated Grey Water / Harvested Rainwater recycled the wastewater for flushing
water use.
Treated Grey Water / Harvested Rainwater are similar system, grey water has more one
component, treatment shall consist of the following components pre-treatment, biological
treatment, filtration and disinfection however harvested rainwater system do not have
biological treatment because rainwater is clear than grey water and rainwater can’t ferment.
However, rainwater harvesting system has another significant effect on the reduction of
potable water used for irrigation, it can collect the rainwater to irrigation, recycle air
conditioning condensate for flushing use is other choice for recycled water system.
In short, the rainwater or sewage collection system is collected in the water tank and then
recycled through different treatment for different water use places such as toilet water or
irrigation
3. Critical analysis

First, in this proposal, we hope to promote a new building project with zero carbon
emissions, but we still need to consider other factors such as construction costs, facility life
cycle, maintenance costs and the feasibility of sustainable development.

3.1 Life Cycle Analysis

Recommended Initial cost Maintenanc Maintenanc Lifespan Recommended

system e e Needs operation
Period
Grey and $3M (Whole Every month Water tank 20 Stand-by and
rainwater building) / Every year cleaning/ Y- years duty pump
Harvested strainer checking /
System valve water
cleaning / treatment
water system / WR2
treatment 5 years check
system
checking
Fire Services $15M Every year Breakdown 20 With reference
System (say $500k per or fault years FSD
floor) signal requirements,
happened RFSC must
year check and
issue FS251
Air side $200k /1 unit Every month Filter 10 Measurement
(PAUs) / Every year cleaning / years of COP for
COP check equipment
Air side $20k / 1 unit Every month Filter 10 &
(FCUs) / Every year cleaning / years Recommended
COP check by Code of
Air side $10k / 1unit Every month Filter 10 Practice for
(FAF&EAF) / Every year cleaning / years building
COP check efficiency
Water side $20k / 1 Ton Every month COP / 10 For Cooling
(water cooled / Every year performance years Tower EMSD
chiller) CT3 Form
every year
VRV A/C $100k / 30btu Every month COP / 10 Measurement
/ Every year performance years of COP for
Variable speed $30k / 1 unit Every month Performanc 10 equipment
drive / Every year e years &
A/C insulation $1500/ Every month Performanc 3 years Recommended
m(100mm) / Every year e /water by Code of
leakage Practice for
building
efficiency

3.2 Cost estimation and maintenance

Identify the happened maintenance works were planned or unplanned , the equipment was
repair or replacement works ,after that check the lifespan of equipment and invite the
manufacturer ,recommend by the manufacturer maintenance contractor, measurement of
function drop performance (such as chillers COP )for equipment ,recommended by Code of
Practice for building efficiency , minimum requirements or Manufacturer Figures
,malfunction of equipment (Refer to consultant / original manufacturer reports),check parts /
Materials already phase out ,study installation cost and payback period ,upgrading existing
equipment instead of replacement work
, checking operating log sheet from maintenance contractor or site staff, further study the
regulations/guideline, environmental, safety and Health

3.3 Healthy indoor environments

The indoor environment has a strong impact on health and well-being, so it is important to
understand what makes an indoor environment healthy and sustainable.
(a) Indoor quality effected human health.
(b) Interactions between occupants, buildings and the indoor environment.
(c) Climate change and its impact on indoor environmental quality, thermal comfort and
health.
(d) Energy saving of indoor environment.

So, a healthy indoor environments profound impact on users, we recommended the end
users join the indoor air quality certification scheme and renew the certification every year,
control the air quality. In addition, indoor lighting design and drinking water have a great
impact on IEQ, in terms of lighting, we can use daylight sensors to reduce the use of lights
through sunlight. In terms of drinking water, we suggest that owners can apply for the
Quality Water Supply Scheme for Buildings – Fresh Water of the Water Supplies
Department.
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