Muhammad Albin Abdiyar

210514619218
E2-S1 TEKNIK MESIN

1.     Diketahui suatu fungsi

Dengan menggunakan Deret Taylor orde nol, satu, dua dan tiga, perkirakan fungsi tersebut pada titik
berdasarkan nilai fungsi pada
 10000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

-10000

-20000

-30000

-40000

-50000

original orde 0 orde 1 orde 2

x f(x) x f(x) x f(x) x f(x)
0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8
1 -2 1 8 1 -12 1 0
2 0 2 8 2 -32 2 16
3 2 3 8 3 -52 3 56
4 -8 4 8 4 -72 4 120
5 -42 5 8 5 -92 5 208
6 -112 6 8 6 -112 6 320
7 -230 7 8 7 -132 7 456
8 -408 8 8 8 -152 8 616
9 -658 9 8 9 -172 9 800
10 -992 10 8 10 -192 10 1008
11 -1422 11 8 11 -212 11 1240
12 -1960 12 8 12 -232 12 1496
13 -2618 13 8 13 -252 13 1776
14 -3408 14 8 14 -272 14 2080
15 -4342 15 8 15 -292 15 2408
16 -5432 16 8 16 -312 16 2760
17 -6690 17 8 17 -332 17 3136
18 -8128 18 8 18 -352 18 3536
19 -9758 19 8 19 -372 19 3960
20 -11592 20 8 20 -392 20 4408
21 -13642
22 -15920
23 -18438
24 -21208
25 -24242
26 -27552
27 -31150
28 -35048
29 -39258
25 30 35

original
orde 0
orde 1
orde 2
orde 3

orde 3
x f(x)
0 8
1 -2
2 0
3 2
4 -8
5 -42
6 -112
7 -230
8 -408
9 -658
10 -992
11 -1422
12 -1960
13 -2618
14 -3408
15 -4342
16 -5432
17 -6690
18 -8128
19 -9758
20 -11592
x f(x) Metode Bisection
1 -7
4
1.1 -5.249
1.2 -3.392 2
1.3 -1.423
1.4 0.664 0
0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1
1.5 2.875
-2

-4

-6

-8

r a c b f(a) f(c)
0 1.000000000 1.250000000 1.500000000 -7.000000000 -2.421875000
1 1.250000000 1.375000000 1.500000000 -2.421875000 0.130859375
2 1.250000000 1.312500000 1.375000000 -2.421875000 -1.168701172
3 1.312500000 1.343750000 1.375000000 -1.168701172 -0.524810791
4 1.343750000 1.359375000 1.375000000 -0.524810791 -0.198459625
5 1.359375000 1.367187500 1.375000000 -0.198459625 -0.034172535
6 1.367187500 1.371093750 1.375000000 -0.034172535 0.048250139
7 1.367187500 1.369140625 1.371093750 -0.034172535 0.007015504
8 1.367187500 1.368164063 1.369140625 -0.034172535 -0.013584337
9 1.368164063 1.368652344 1.369140625 -0.013584337 -0.003285872
10 1.368652344 1.368896484 1.369140625 -0.003285872 0.001864452
11 1.368652344 1.368774414 1.368896484 -0.003285872 -0.000710801
12 1.368774414 1.368835449 1.368896484 -0.000710801 0.000576802
13 1.368774414 1.368804932 1.368835449 -0.000710801 -0.000067005
14 1.368804932 1.368820190 1.368835449 -0.000067005 0.000254897
15 1.368804932 1.368812561 1.368820190 -0.000067005 0.000093946
16 1.368804932 1.368808746 1.368812561 -0.000067005 0.000013470
17 1.368804932 1.368806839 1.368808746 -0.000067005 -0.000026767
18 1.368806839 1.368807793 1.368808746 -0.000026767 -0.000006649
19 1.368807793 1.368808270 1.368808746 -0.000006649 0.000003411
20 1.368807793 1.368808031 1.368808270 -0.000006649 -0.000001619
21 1.368808031 1.368808150 1.368808270 -0.000001619 0.000000896
22 1.368808031 1.368808091 1.368808150 -0.000001619 -0.000000361
23 1.368808091 1.368808120 1.368808150 -0.000000361 0.000000267
24 1.368808091 1.368808106 1.368808120 -0.000000361 -0.000000047
25 1.368808106 1.368808113 1.368808120 -0.000000047 0.000000110
26 1.368808106 1.368808109 1.368808113 -0.000000047 0.000000031
27 1.368808106 1.368808107 1.368808109 -0.000000047 -0.000000008
28 1.368808107 1.368808108 1.368808109 -0.000000008 0.000000012
29 1.368808107 1.368808108 1.368808108 -0.000000008 0.000000002
30 1.368808107 1.368808108 1.368808108 -0.000000008 -0.000000003
31 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.368808108 -0.000000003 0.000000000
32 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000001
Metode Bisection

1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

f(b) selang baru lebar e check

2.875000000 [c,b] 0.25000000 belum
2.875000000 [a,c] 0.12500000 belum
0.130859375 [c,b] 0.06250000 belum
0.130859375 [c,b] 0.03125000 belum
0.130859375 [c,b] 0.01562500 belum
0.130859375 [c,b] 0.00781250 belum
0.130859375 [a,c] 0.00390625 belum
0.048250139 [a,c] 0.00195313 belum
0.007015504 [c,b] 0.00097656 belum
0.007015504 [c,b] 0.00048828 belum
0.007015504 [a,c] 0.00024414 belum
0.001864452 [c,b] 0.00012207 belum
0.001864452 [a,c] 0.00006104 belum
0.000576802 [c,b] 0.00003052 belum
0.000576802 [a,c] 0.00001526 belum
0.000254897 [a,c] 0.00000763 belum
0.000093946 [a,c] 0.00000381 belum
0.000013470 [c,b] 0.00000191 belum
0.000013470 [c,b] 0.00000095 selesai
0.000013470 [a,c] 0.00000048 selesai
0.000003411 [c,b] 0.00000024 selesai
0.000003411 [a,c] 0.00000012 selesai
0.000000896 [c,b] 0.00000006 selesai
0.000000896 [a,c] 0.00000003 selesai
0.000000267 [c,b] 0.00000001 selesai
0.000000267 [a,c] 0.00000001 selesai
0.000000110 [a,c] 0.00000000 selesai
0.000000031 [c,b] 0.00000000 selesai
0.000000031 [a,c] 0.00000000 selesai
0.000000012 [a,c] 0.00000000 selesai
0.000000002 [c,b] 0.00000000 selesai
0.000000002 [c,b] 0.00000000 selesai
0.000000002 [a,c] 0.00000000 selesai
 x f(x)
1 -7 Metode
1.1 -5.249
4
1.2 -3.392
1.3 -1.423
2
1.4 0.664
1.5 2.875 0
0.9 1 1.1 1.2

-2

-4

-6

-8
sebelum
r a c b f(a)
0 1.000000000 1.354430380 1.500000000 -7.000000000
1 1.354430380 1.368270260 1.500000000 -0.302055213
2 1.368270260 1.368788022 1.500000000 -0.011344754
3 1.368788022 1.368807358 1.500000000 -0.000423725
4 1.368807358 1.368808080 1.500000000 -0.000015823
5 1.368808080 1.368808107 1.500000000 -0.000000591
6 1.368808107 1.368808108 1.500000000 -0.000000022
7 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 -0.000000001
8 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
9 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
10 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
11 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
12 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
13 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
14 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
15 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
16 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
17 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
18 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
19 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
20 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
21 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
22 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
23 1.368808108 1.368808108 1.500000000 0.000000000
 Metode Regula Falsi

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

f(c) f(b) selang baru lebar e check

-0.302055213 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.35443038 belum
-0.011344754 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13172974 belum
-0.000423725 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13121198 belum
-0.000015823 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119264 belum
-0.000000591 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119192 belum
-0.000000022 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
-0.000000001 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
0.000000000 2.875000000 [c,b] 0.13119189 belum
1.6

sesudah
r a c
0 1.000000000 1.354430380
1 1.354430380 1.379706992
2 1.354430380 1.368762730
3 1.368762730 1.368852827
4 1.368762730 1.368808107
5 1.368808107 1.368808108
6 1.368808107 1.368808108
7 1.368808108 1.368808108
8 1.368808108 1.368808108
9 1.368808108 1.368808108
10 1.368808108 1.368808108
11 1.368808108 1.368808108
12 1.368808108 1.368808108
13 1.368808108 1.368808108
14 1.368808108 1.368808108
15 1.368808108 1.368808108
16 1.368808108 1.368808108
17 1.368808108 1.368808108
18 1.368808108 1.368808108
19 1.368808108 1.368808108
20 1.368808108 1.368808108
21 1.368808108 1.368808108
22 1.368808108 1.368808108
23 1.368808108 1.368808108
24 1.368808108 1.368808108
b f(a) f(c) f(b) selang baru
1.500000000 -7.000000000 -0.302055213 2.875000000 [c,b]
1.500000000 -0.302055213 0.230651030 1.437500000 [a,c]
1.379706992 -0.302055213 -0.000957283 0.230651030 [c,b]
1.379706992 -0.000957283 0.000943420 0.115325515 [a,c]
1.368852827 -0.000957283 -0.000000012 0.000943420 [c,b]
1.368852827 -0.000000012 0.000000012 0.000471710 [a,c]
1.368808108 -0.000000012 0.000000000 0.000000012 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
1.368808108 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000006 [c,b]
lebar e check
0.35443038 belum
0.02527661 belum
0.01094426 belum
0.00009010 belum
0.00004472 belum
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
0.00000000 selesai
r x error r x
0 3.00000000 0 3.00000000
1 -2.50000000 -5.50000000 1 0.80000000
2 2.31250000 4.81250000 2 1.63398693
3 -0.30617676 -2.61867676 3 1.25487148
4 1.98412139 2.29029815 4 1.42000622
5 0.43155592 -1.55256547 5 1.34621843
6 1.95471458 1.52315866 6 1.37885951
7 0.48893952 -1.46577506 7 1.36435210
8 1.94049895 1.45155944 8 1.37078681
9 0.51619086 -1.42430809 9 1.36793010
10 1.93295534 1.41676448 10 1.36919783
11 0.53052347 -1.40243187 11 1.36863515
12 1.92877711 1.39825364 12 1.36888487
13 0.53842374 -1.39035337 13 1.36877404
14 1.92641106 1.38798732 14 1.36882323
15 0.54288546 -1.38352560 15 1.36880140
16 1.92505490 1.38216945 16 1.36881109
17 0.54543887 -1.37961603 17 1.36880679
18 1.92427229 1.37883341 18 1.36880869
19 0.54691111 -1.37736118 19 1.36880785
20 1.92381889 1.37690779 20 1.36880822
21 0.54776357 -1.37605532 21 1.36880806

konvergen berisolasi konvergen berisolasi

error r x error
0 3.00000000
-2.20000000 1 -1.00000000 -4.00000000
0.83398693 2 15.00000000 16.00000000
-0.37911545 3 -3.82352941 -18.82352941
0.16513474 4 -15.96774194 -12.14421252
-0.07378779 5 -6.43187067 9.53587127
0.03264108 6 -9.51276707 -3.08089640
-0.01450741 7 -7.66213498 1.85063209
0.00643471 8 -8.53223653 -0.87010155
-0.00285671 9 -8.06173849 0.47049804
0.00126773 10 -8.29938351 -0.23764502
-0.00056268 11 -8.17491386 0.12446965
0.00024973 12 -8.23891158 -0.06399772
-0.00011084 13 -8.20568736 0.03322422
0.00004919 14 -8.22285008 -0.01716272
-0.00002183 15 -8.21396141 0.00888867
0.00000969 16 -8.21855877 -0.00459736
-0.00000430 17 -8.21617930 0.00237947
0.00000191 18 -8.21741041 -0.00123111
-0.00000085 19 -8.21677333 0.00063708
0.00000038 20 -8.21710298 -0.00032965
-0.00000017 21 -8.21693240 0.00017058

konvergen berisolasi
 x f(x) f(x) f(x) y=x
0 2 2 5 0
1 1.7 1.53846153846154 1.66666667 1
2 0.4 1.11111111111111 0 2
3 -2.5 0.8 -1 3
4 -7.6 0.588235294117647 -1.6666667 4
5 -15.5 0.444444444444444 -2.1428571 5
6 -26.8 0.344827586206897 -2.5 6
7 -42.1 0.273972602739726 -2.7777778 7
8 -62 0.222222222222222 -3 8
9 -87.1 0.18348623853211 -3.1818182 9
10 -118 0.153846153846154 -3.3333333 10
11 -155.3 0.130718954248366 -3.4615385 11
12 -199.6 0.112359550561798 -3.5714286 12
13 -251.5 0.097560975609756 -3.6666667 13
14 -311.6 0.085470085470086 -3.75 14
15 -380.5 0.075471698113208 -3.8235294 15

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
-50

-100

-150
persamaan 1
persamaan 2
-200
persamaan 3
-250

-300

-350

-400
f(xi)=x3+x2-3x-3=0

r xi xi+1 f(xi) f'(xi)

0 1.0000000 0.0000000 -7.0000000 17.0000000000
1 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000000
2 0.0000000 2.0000000 -20.0000000 10.0000000000
3 2.0000000 1.4666667 16.0000000 30.0000000000
4 1.4666667 1.3715120 2.1238519 22.3200000000
5 1.3715120 1.3688102 0.0570866 21.1291836673
6 1.3688102 1.3688081 0.0000446 21.0961651673
7 1.3688081 1.3688081 0.0000000 21.0961393394
1.3688081 1.3688081 0.0000000 21.0961393394
f(xi+1)
0.0000000000
0.0000000000
16.0000000000
2.1238518519
0.0570866419
0.0000446144
0.0000000000
0.0000000000
0.0000000000
r xi-1 xi xi+1 f(xi-1) f(xi)
0 1.0000000000 1.5000000000 1.3544303797 -7.0000000000 2.8750000000
1 1.5000000000 1.3544303797 1.3682702597 2.8750000000 -0.3020552127
2 1.3544303797 1.3682702597 1.3688103504 -0.3020552127 -0.0113447536
3 1.3682702597 1.3688103504 1.3688081075 -0.0113447536 0.0000473097
4 1.3688103504 1.3688081075 1.3688081078 0.0000473097 -0.0000000074
5 1.3688081075 1.3688081078 1.3688081078 -0.0000000074 0.0000000000
6 1.3688081078 1.3688081078 #DIV/0! 0.0000000000 0.0000000000
7 1.3688081078 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.0000000000 #DIV/0!
8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Keterangan
Nilai akar ditemukan di xi+1 dengan fungsi f(x+1) dengan
f(xi+1) f'(xi)
-0.3020552127 19.7500000000
-0.0113447536 21.8249879827
0.0000473097 21.0052732432
-0.0000000074 21.0928689925
0.0000000000 21.0961530320
0.0000000000 21.0961571604
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
x f(x) NILAI ABSOLUT f(b)-f(a) devergen menjauhi nol maka akar semu, jika akar semu maka tid
1 3.18524438 Pada selang 1-1,5 grafik dari nilai fungsi divergen / singularitas menjauhi nilai nol, maka a
1.1 3.4985184 karena metode bisection pada selang ini tidak menyentuh grafik x=0 maka metode regul
1.2 3.91712366
1.3 4.47600381 Meto
1.4 5.22558154
7
1.5 6.23970021
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.9 1 1.1

r a c b f(a) f(c) f(b)

0 1 1.25
1 1.25 1.375
2 1.375 1.4375
3 1.4375 1.46875
4 1.46875 1.484375
5 1.484375 1.4921875
6 1.4921875 1.49609375
7 1.49609375 1.49804688
8 1.49804688 1.49902344
9 1.49902344 1.49951172
10 1.49951172 1.49975586
11 1.49975586 1.49987793
12 1.49987793 1.49993896
13 1.49993896 1.49996948
14 1.49996948 1.49998474
15 1.49998474 1.49999237
16 1.49999237 1.49999619
17 1.49999619 1.49999809
18 1.49999809 1.49999905
1.5 3.18524438 4.71625655 7.40758899
1.5 4.71625655 5.8656127 7.40758899
1.5 5.8656127 6.57892139 7.40758899
1.5 6.57892139 6.9775804 7.40758899
1.5 6.9775804 7.18849621 7.40758899
1.5 7.18849621 7.29699838 7.40758899
1.5 7.29699838 7.35202981 7.40758899
1.5 7.35202981 7.37974308 7.40758899
1.5 7.37974308 7.39364941 7.40758899
1.5 7.39364941 7.40061503 7.40758899
1.5 7.40061503 7.40410097 7.40758899
1.5 7.40410097 7.40584472 7.40758899
1.5 7.40584472 7.40671679 7.40758899
1.5 7.40671679 7.40715287 7.40758899
1.5 7.40715287 7.40737092 7.40758899
1.5 7.40737092 7.40747995 7.40758899
1.5 7.40747995 7.40753447 7.40758899
1.5 7.40753447 7.40756173 7.40758899
1.5 7.40756173 7.40757536 7.40758899
aka akar semu, jika akar semu maka tidak dapat menggunakan metode bagi 2 untuk persamaan 1 pada selang 1-1,5
singularitas menjauhi nilai nol, maka akar tidak bisa ditemukan diselang ini
nyentuh grafik x=0 maka metode regula falsi juga tidak ketemu hasilnya

Metode bisection f(x)

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

selang baru
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]
[c,b]