Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

7
SCIENCE
Quarter 3 – Module 4
WAVES AROUND YOU

Name of Learner:
Grade & Section:
Name of School:
Science – Grade 7
Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE)
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Waves Around You
First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Alfonso D. Suganob, Rosilend Romanillos
Reviewers: Jose Rey A. Adriatico, Jeovanny A. Marticion
Layout Artist: Ron O. Dela Rosa
Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr. - Schools Division Superintendent
Lourma I. Poculan - Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Amelinda D. Montero - Chief Education Supervisor, CID
Nur N. Hussien - Chief Education Supervisor, SGOD
Ronillo S. Yarag - Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
Zyhrine P. Mayormita - Education Program Supervisor, Science
Leo Martinno O. Alejo - Project Development Officer II, LRMS
Janette A. Zamoras - Public Schools Division Superintendent
Adrian G. Refugio - School Principal, Zamboanga del Norte NHS

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Department of Education – Region IX – Dipolog City Schools Division

Office Address: Purok Farmers, Olingan, Dipolog City

Zamboanga del Norte, 7100
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E-mail Address: dipolog.city@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know
When you were in the elementary grades, you demonstrated a conceptual
understanding of the properties or characteristics of light, heat, and sound as forms
of energy. In Grade 5, you learned how different objects interact with sound; the
effects of sound on people and objects. This module deals with waves as carriers of
energy. Part of the lessons also focuses on the characteristics of sound.
Have you ever wondered why tsunamis occur? Or why you hear echoes once
you shout inside the cave? What do tsunamis and echoes have in common?
Tsunamis and echoes are just a few of the examples of our daily encounters with
waves. The human eyes cannot see it, but waves are everywhere, and we experience
different types of waves in our daily activities. The important applications of waves
include wireless communications, detection of over-speeding vehicles, the music of
guitars, lasers used in medical treatment, and a seemingly ordinary event like water
waves.

Content Standards
 Waves as carriers of energy
 Characteristics of sound

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)

 Infer that waves carry energy ( S7LT –III c-4)
 Describe the characteristics of a sound using the concepts of wavelength,
velocity and amplitude (S7LT – III d – 7)

Specific Objectives:
a. Define waves and their type
b. Infer that waves carry energy
c. Define sound and its characteristics
d. Describe the characteristics of sounds using the concepts of wavelength,
velocity, and amplitude.

What’s In
Lesson 1: Properties of Waves and Types of Waves
Waves are everywhere. But what is a wave? A wave is a disturbance that carries
energy from one location to another location. It is the transport of energy without
transporting physical matter. Some waves do not need matter (called a “medium”) to be
able to move, for example, through space. These are called electromagnetic waves. Some
waves require a medium in order to move. In the process, the waves show visible
disturbance or oscillation in the medium in which they occur. Such type of waves is called
mechanical waves. What else do you know about waves and wave properties?

1
ACTIVITY 1. COMPLETE ME!
Direction: Complete the concept map below

Wave Types

Mechanical waves are categorized by their type of motion and fall into any of
two categories: transverse or longitudinal. Note that both transverse and
longitudinal waves can be periodic.

1. A transverse wave propagates so that the disturbance is perpendicular to the

direction of propagation. The medium moves at right angles to the direction of
the wave.

2. Longitudinal Waves are waves in which the medium moves back and forth in
the same direction as the waves. In a longitudinal wave, the disturbance is
parallel to the direction of propagation.

2
 What’s New
ACTIVITY 2: Types of Wave
Direction: Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
A.

B.

Source: https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/13-1-types-of-waves

____________1. What type of wave is shown in diagram A?

____________2. Give an example of a wave shown in diagram A.
____________3. What type of wave is shown in diagram B?
____________4. Give an example of a wave shown in diagram B.
____________5. What are the highest points of the waves shown in diagram A?
____________6. What are the lowest points of the waves shown in diagram A?
____________7. In what region of the wave are the particles close together?
____________8. In what region are the particles spread farther apart?
____________9. What is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs?
____________10.What is the maximum distance moved by a point on a vibrating body
from its position of rest.

What Is It
In the previous activity, you interpret the given diagrams by identifying the
types of waves and their parts.

Characteristics or Properties of Waves

1. Wavelength (λ) is the distance between consecutive corresponding points

of waves. It is measured in length. The highest point of the wave is called
the crest, and the lowest point of the wave is called the trough.
2. Amplitude (A) is the distance from the middle of the wave to the top of a crest
or the bottom of a trough. The energy of a mechanical wave is directly
proportional to its amplitude.
3. Frequency (f) is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
Typically, frequency is measured in units of cycles per second or waves per
second. One wave per second is also called a Hertz (Hz)
The number of complete wavelengths produced per second is defined as:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠
f=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

3
Example Problem 1: Frank is making waves on a rope by moving his arm up and down,
which he does 20 times in 10 seconds. What is the frequency of the wave that Frank’s
creating?
Given: Number of wavelength = 20 times
Time = 10 seconds
f= ?
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠
Equation: f = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
20 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
Solution: f = 10 𝑠
20 𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
f= 10𝑠
f = 2 oscillation/sec
f = 2 hertz

4. Period (T) is the interval of time between successive occurrences of a cyclic

phenomenon; the time for one complete wavelength to be produced. The unit
used to express period is second.
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
T= 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡

Example Problem 2: Jenny is floating on an inner tube in the ocean and notice that
she bobs up and down 6 times every minute. What is the period of the ocean waves
on which Jenny is floating?
60 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
T= 6
T = 10s
Frequency and period are reciprocals of each other.
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
f= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
T= 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡

The characteristic of a wave that is measured in meters is the wavelength.

The characteristic of a wave that is measured in seconds is the period.
5. Speed of waves (V) is the distance traveled per unit of time. It describes
how fast an object is moving. The speed of a wave can be computed using the
formula:
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
V= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠
Then , V=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

Since period and frequency are reciprocal,

V= frequency x wavelength
Example Problem 3: What is the speed of a water wave that has a wavelength
of 8 meters and a period of 4 seconds?
𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠
V= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
8𝑚
V= 4 𝑠𝑒𝑐

V = 2m/s
(Source: CBSE-IX-PHYSICS-Sound-Characteristics of Sound)

4
The Anatomy of Waves (Wave Parts)
Figure A in Activity No. 2 shows an example of a transverse wave when the woman
moves a toy spring (slinky) up and down, generating waves that propagate away from
herself in the horizontal direction while disturbing the toy spring in the vertical direction.

Transverse waves have many characteristics: crest, trough, amplitude, wavelength,

frequency, and period. Crest and trough refer to the most extreme points on the waves.
The crest is the maximum or highest point, and a trough is the minimum or lowest point.
In the same activity, figure B shows an example of a longitudinal wave when the
woman creates a disturbance in the horizontal direction—which is the same direction as
the wave propagation—by pushing forward (compressing) and then pulling back (stretching)
and then the toy spring (slinky). Characteristics of longitudinal waves include compression,
rarefaction, amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and period.
Compression refers to the region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are the
closest together. In contrast, rarefaction refers to the region in the wave where the particles
are farthest apart. In longitudinal waves, the amplitude is measured by the maximum
displacement (compression or rarefaction) from equilibrium (or resting point). Wavelength
refers to the distance between two corresponding points (for instance, from the beginning
of one compression to the beginning of the next).

Visualizing the Relationship Between Waves and Energy

Consider two people holding a slinky between them. The people holding the slinky
provide the energy to make waves.

To make pattern 1, they have to shake the slinky back and forth at a certain speed.
For pattern 2, the slinky has to be moved back and forth faster (higher frequency). To make
pattern 3, the people need to move the slinky back and forth much faster and even fastest
to make pattern 4. It is much easier to make pattern 1 than pattern 4 because it takes less
energy. This illustrates the relationship between frequency and energy – the higher the
frequency, the higherSource:
the energy.
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2681-waves-and-energy-energy-transfer

What’s More
ACTIVITY 3: SOLVE ME!
Directions: Solve the problem. Write your solutions and answers in the space
provided after the question. You may also use a separate sheet of paper.

1. Vibration with a frequency of 5 Hz sends a wave of wavelength 0.8 m down

a rope. What is the speed of the wave?
2. A wave of wavelength 1.5 m travels down a rope at a speed of 6m/s.
What is the frequency of the wave?

5
 What I Have Learned
ACTIVITY 4: IDENTIFY ME!
Direction: Below is an illustration of a wave. Identify the parts of the wave asked in the
given item.

Source: https://otrasteel.blogspot.com/2019/11/34-label-wave-diagram.html

Source: (Longitudinal wave-Definition byjus.com)

What I Can Do
ACTIVITY No. 5: Complete Me!
Direction: Complete the concept given concept map.

6
 What’ In
Lesson 2: Characteristics of Sound
ACTIVITY 1: FIND US!
Directions: Search for the word or term related to sound waves and their characteristics
in the grid. The word may be written diagonally, horizontally, vertically, and reversed.

A Z X C L V B N M N B G H J V K E L

A S D F O G H J K L R T Y U E O L T

W E R T N S O U N D U I O P L S E T

X C C T G D F G R T Y D C M O T C R

A M P L I T U D E W S R T E C M T Z

V A E V T R E E R T U I O C I E R X

I C S D U E R T H J K P O H T S O A

B C V E D N U O S I S T E A Y R M R

R E V T I T U O U W R O P N P Y A R

A S W E N D F G H R Y T O I C V G D

T R T Y A U P E W C X B M C Z R N R

I T Y U L U I O N P W D B A C A E K

O R R T W E D E S W E R T L F C T E

N E A T A C U S D R T T R W T A I R

R E A R V Q E S R E V S N A R T C O

O W A V E L E N G T H S T V T H W S

R E R R O Y T F K G B M B E E D A S

E W F S W E R A A E R H K S L I V O

A W E R T W A V E S C O L O T S E R

D I F F R A C T I O N F O R C E S E

SOUND LONGITUDINAL WAVE MECHANICAL WAVES WAVELENGTH

VELOCITY AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY TRANSVERSE
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES DIFFRACTION VIBRATION

ACTIVITY 2: Propagation of Sound

Place your ear against one end of a tabletop. Ask your brother/sister to gently tap the
other end of the table with a pencil or a ruler. What happens? Then ask them again to
gently tap the other end of the table but this time make sure that your ear is above the
other end of the table. What happens? In which situation did you encounter louder and
more pronounced sound? In which situation did you encounter the earlier?

Slight tapping on the table can produce a sound that can be heard clearly on the
other end of the table. This shows that sound waves can also travel through wood or

7
solid. Sound is more pronounced in solids than in air. This means that sound is heard
louder when it propagates in solid than in air.

What Is It
Read this….
Liquids are better conductors of sound than gases. If two bodies are
struck together underwater, the sound heard by a person who is underwater
is louder than when heard with air as the medium. As you see, sound is
transmitted differently in different media. Liquid particles are close to each
other than particles in the gases, so sound waves are transmitted easier in
liquids. Between liquids and solids, the particles of solids are even closer
together than the liquid molecules; therefore, sound travels even faster in solids
than in liquids. Since different media transmit sound differently, sound travels
at different speeds in different materials. Thus, solid is the best transmitter of
sound. Sound travels fastest in solids and slowest in gases.
Sounds cannot travel in a vacuum. Remember that sound is a
mechanical wave which needs a medium in order to propagate. If there is no
matter, there is no sound. In the outer space, sound would not be transmitted.

(Source: Grade 7 Science Module)

What’s More
ACTIVITY 3: STUDY ME!
Characteristics of Sound

Wavelength Speed

Loudness
Amplitude

CHARACTERISTICS
Frequency OF SOUND Pitch

Time Period
Quality or Timbre

8
 Direction: Fill in the blank the characteristic of sound that is defined. Use the illustration
above as a guide.
__________1.The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.
__________2. The number of oscillations per second. Its unit is Hertz (Hz)
__________3. The time taken by the vibrating body to complete one oscillation.
__________4. The maximum distance a vibrating body or oscillating body moves from
its position of rest
__________5. The distance travelled by the time taken.
__________6. The quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as “higher” and “lower” in
the sense associated with musical melodies.
__________7. The measure of sound energy reaching the ear per second.
__________8. The characteristics of a sound that enables us to differentiate between
sounds of different musical instruments having the same pitch and loudness.
__________9. A region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are closest together.
__________10. A region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are farthest apart.

READ THIS…
Did you know that lightning and thunder occur at the same time?
However, we often see lightning much earlier than the corresponding thunder.
This is because the speed of light (c = 3 x10 8 m/s) is much faster than the
speed of sound.
The speed of sound in dry air at 0 0C is about 331.5 m/s. However, the
speed of sound in air is not constant. It is basically affected by three different
factors, which are the atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and atmospheric
temperature. At higher atmospheric pressure, sound waves travel faster. This
means that in Baguio where the atmospheric pressure is relatively lower than
at sea level, sound is transmitted slowly as compared to how it is transmitted
at sea level where the atmospheric pressure is relatively higher. Relatively
humidity also affects the speed of sound in air. The higher the relative
humidity, the faster the sound is transmitted. This is due to the fact that at a
higher relative humidity there is more water vapor in the atmosphere which
makes the particles in the atmosphere a little closer than at low relative
humidity. Thus, transmission of sound is better in humid air than in dry air.
The table below shows the speed of sound in different materials.
Table 1: Speed of sound in different materials
Materials Speed of Sound
V(m/s)
Air ( 0 C)
0 331
He ( 00C) 1005
H (200C) 1300
Water 1440
Seawater 1560
Iron and Steel 5000
Aluminum 5100
Hard wood 4000
Source: Science 7 Learner’s Module

9
 What I Have Learned
ACTIVITY 4: KNOW ME!

A.

B.

Source A Source B

QUESTIONS:

Consider illustration set A.

1. Which has a high pitch? ___________Low pitch? _____________
2. Which has a higher frequency? ______________Lower frequency?__________________
Consider illustration set B
3. Which waves show higher amplitude? ___________ Lower amplitude? ____________
4. Which waves have longer wavelength? ___________Shorter wavelength? __________
5. Which waves represent louder sound? ___________Softer sound? _________________

10
 What I Can Do
ACTIVITY 5: CRITICAL READING ABOUT SOUND
Direction: Read the passage and from the text and answer the questions that follow.

Sound Waves

All sounds begin with vibrating matter. For example, a guitar string vibrates
when it is plucked. The vibrating string repeatedly pushes against the air particles next
to it. The pressure of the vibrating string causes these air particles to vibrate. The air
particles alternately push together and spread apart. This starts waves of vibrations
that travel through the air in all directions away from the strings. The vibrations pass
through the air as longitudinal waves, with individual air particles vibrating back and
forth in the same direction that the sound waves travel.

Sound waves are mechanical waves, so they can travel only though matter and
not through empty space. This was demonstrated in the 1600s by a scientist named
Robert Boyle. Boyle placed a ticking clock in a sealed glass jar. The clock could be heard
ticking through the air and glass of the jar. Then Boyle pumped the air out of the jar.
The clock was still running, but the ticking could no longer be heard. That’s because
the sound couldn’t travel away from the clock without particles of matter to pass the
sound energy along.

Sound waves can travel through many different kinds of matter. Most of the sounds
we hear travel through air, but sounds can also travel through liquids such as water
and solids such as glass and metal. If you swim underwater—or even submerge your
ears in bathwater—any sounds you hear have traveled to your ears through water. You
can tell that sounds travel through glass and other solids because you can hear loud
outdoor sounds such as sirens through closed windows and doors.

1. How do sound waves begin and how do they travel?

2. How did Robert Boyle demonstrate that sound waves cannot travel through
empty space?
3. Most sounds we hear travel through air. From your own experience, what
evidence do you have that sounds can also travel through liquids and
solids? (Source: https://www.ck12.org/workbook/ck-12-physical-science-for-middle-school-
workbook/section/20.1/

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of the best
answer in the space provided.
____1. Which of the following terms is not related to the others?
A. Crest B. Compression C. trough D. Transverse
____2. Which of the following terms is the measure of the distance between two
neighboring crest or trough?
A. Wavelength B. Amplitude C. Hertz D. Frequency
____3. What wave can travel in space?
A. Mechanical B. Transverse C. Longitudinal D. Electromagnetic
____4. What is being transferred by a wave?
A. Energy B. Matter C. Particles D. Light
____5. What is the speed of a wave with a frequency of 25 Hz and a wavelength of 35 m?
A. 645m/s B. 576m/s C. 875m/s D. 975 m/s

11
____6. Which of the following can give a high frequency of sound?
A. Low Pitch B. High Pitch C. Low energy D. A & C
____7. Which of the following is most likely to transmit sound best?
A. Steel cabinet B. Ocean water C. Air in classroom D. Wood plank
____8. When is sound transmitted fastest?
A. In winter B. In summer C. When it rains D. When it’s dark
____9. Which wave-type are sound waves?
A. Longitudinal wave B. Transverse wave C. Standing wave D. Shock wave
___10. A rhythmic gymnast wants to create a transverse wave using a horizontal ribbon.
Which direction should the gymnast move her hand?
A. Up and down B. Right and left C. Up and right D. Up and left

Additional Activity

ACTIVITY 6: KNOW ME MORE!

Directions: Study the electromagnetic spectrum below. Draw waves to represent each
electromagnetic wave. Your illustration must represent the wavelength of a wave relative
to the others. For instance, gamma rays have very small wavelengths compared to the
other waves in the spectrum.

(Source: Electromagnetic spectrum-Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org.)

1. Gamma Rays =
2. X-rays =
3. Ultraviolet =
4. Visible light =
5. Infrared =
6. Microwaves =
7. Radio waves =

12
Answer Key Gr7Q3 Module 4
Lesson 1
Activity 4
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3. TM = crest
1. Mechanical Waves 1. transverse 1.v = 5Hz(0.8 m) EU = trough
2. Longitudinal waves 2. water wave V = 4.0 m/s NK = amplitude
3. Frequency 3. longitudinal 2. f = 6m/s/1.5m FV = wavelength
4. Wavelength 4. sound wave F = 4 Hz
5. Speed 5. crest 1&3=
6. Amplitude, Period 6. trough compression
7. Hertz 7. compression 2 = rarefaction
8. meter/second 8. rarefaction 4 = wavelength
9. trough 9. wavelength
10. crest 10. amplitude

Activity 5
1. Transverse 6. Amplitude
2. Longitudinal 7. Period
3. Waves of a rope, water wave 8. Speed/Velocity
4. Amplitude
5. Wavelength

Lesson 2
Activity 1
A Z X C L V B N M N B G H J V K E L
Activity 2
A S D F O G H J K L R T Y U E O L T
Slight tapping on the table can produce
sound and will be heard at the other end
W E R T N S O U N D U I O P L S E T
of the tabletop. Sound can be transmitted
X C C T G D F G R T Y D C M O T C R
by solids. Sound is encountered earlier,
A M P L I T U D E W S R T E C M T Z louder and more pronounced when the
V A E V T R E E R T U I O C I E R X
ear is placed against the tabletop.
I C S D U E R T H J K P O H T S O A

B C V E D N U O S I S T E A Y R M R
Activity 3.
R E V T I T U O U W R O P N P Y A R 1. wavelength 6. pitch
A S W E N D F G H R Y T O I C V G D
2. frequency 7. loudness
3. time period 8. quality of sound
4. amplitude 9. compression
T R T Y A U P E W C X B M C Z R N R

I T Y U L U I O N P W D B A C A E K
5. speed of sound 10. rarefaction
O R R T W E D E S W E R T L F C T E

Activity 4.
N E A T A C U S D R T T R W T A I R

R E A R V Q E S R E V S N A R T C O
1. Man/Boy - Bird
O W A V E L E N G T H S T V T H W S 2. Man/Boy - Bird
R E R R O Y T F K G B M B E E D A S
3. Source A – Source B
E W F S W E R A A E R H K S L I V O
4. Source A – Source B
5. Source A – Source B
A W E R T W A V E S C O L O T S E R

D I F F R A C T I O N F O R C E S E

ASSESSMENT:
Activity 5. 1.D 6.B
1.energy 6. frequency 2.A 7. A
2. wave 7. amplitude 3. D 8. B
3.longitudinal wave 8. Wavelength 4. A 9. A
4.compression 9. Hertz 5. C 10. A
5. rarefaction 10.length
 Additional Activity

References
Adams, W.K. (n.d.). Explore Sounds. Anatomy of a wave for high school students. Accessed on January
20, 2021. https://exploresound.org/2017/09/anatomy-wave-high-school-students/

The Physics Classroom. (n.d.) What is a wave. Accessed January 20, 2021.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-1/What-is-a-Wave

Rice University. (n.d.) Open Stax. Physics types of waves. Accessed January 22, 2021.
https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/13-1-types-of-waves

Science Learning hub. (n.d.). Waves as energy transfer. Accessed January 20, 2021.
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/120-waves-as-energy-transfer

Johnson, K. (2001). Physics for You. United Kingdom: Stanley Thornes Ltd.

Department of Education (2017). Science 7 Learner’s Material. First Edition. DepEd BLR.

Types of waves. Jpg. Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-physics-1/ap-

mechanical-waves-and-sound/introduction-to-transverse-and-longitudinal-waves-ap/a/transverse-and-
longitudinal-waves-ap1