ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

COLLAGE OF ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Course Title:- Introduction to Electrical Machine

Course Number:- EMEg2261

Contact Hours (Per Week): 3

Laboratory Title: - Operation test and Magnetic characteristics of Dc Machine

Laboratory Number- VI

Materials Required for the Lab

 Variable AC source (DL10100TABE)

 Variable Dc source
 Connectors
 Two Digital Multi meters
 Dc Machine (MOD.8160-4D)

Objectives

 To understand how Dc machine operates

 To show magnetic characteristics curve of dc generator

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Pre-laboratory preparation
 Read the information section of the lab manual and lab instruments description. Be ready
to answer questions related to Dc machine theory and practical measurements.
 All measurement should be done by selecting your digital Multi meter to AC or DC
voltage and current with maximum range when you measure voltage and current
respectively.
 Don’t turn the power on before your circuit has been checked by your instructor, when
the layout has been completed, have your instructor to check you circuit connections get
his/her permission

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The DC shunt machine, when supplied by a constant voltage, runs practically at constant speed.
This machine is used when a constant speed is required; typical application is in machine tools,
pumps and for rolling mills

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THEORY

When a motor is operating, the armature winding take place an induced .e.m.f. This force
direction is opposite to the applied voltage direction; its value present a small difference which is
the same of the voltage fall RxI.(windings-brushes-armature) Practically the motor is working is
different, in comparison with the dynamo working, for the direction of the current flowing away
into the armature only. Therefore the rotor couple is a motor couple and the result E1 is the part
of absorbed current, which is transformed in mechanical power. It is useful to know the
magnetization characteristic, as we can realize the saturation conditions with whom the magnetic
circuit works. The magnetization characteristic of a dc generator(o.c.c) is a graph representing
the output flow of the inductor poles acting as the excitation magneto-motor force.
The graph has the same technical name: Vo =f(i) it has the same course and is easier to drawn.
The perfect correspondence between the two graphs is clear as: a) the voltage Vo of the unload,

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exactly corresponds to the induced .e.m.f. Furthermore it is directly proportional to the induction
flow when the speed is constant. b) The excitation current and the .e.m.f are different only for a
coefficient, which represents the winding poles turn number. The magnetization characteristic is
very important to fix the magnetic working point of the machine and also to evaluate the effect
of the magnetizing ampere-spires created by the windings of the armature and of the excitation.

PROCEDURE
For this test the motor will be considered as a dynamo, to make the study easy, and it should be
put in rotation connecting it with a motor, but it has to rotate in an anti- clockwise direction.

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REMARKS
The waves we will have with the obtained values present small differences and are called
ascending and descending magnetization characteristic. The second one is higher for the effect of
the remaining magnetism of the magnetic circuit. The middle-wave is the characteristic, which
has to be considered for the machine work. The magnetization characteristic has to point out at
the nominal speed of the machine. If it isn’t possible, the obtained values have to be reported
according to the following formula: