POLITEKNIK MERLIMAU MELAKA

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT

DJM 40103: POWER

ELECTRONICS PRACTICAL TASK
4

TITLE: Speed Control of DC motor by Armature Resistance

Control

GROUP A
PROGRAMME/CLASS/S S3-DEM4B
EC
TEAM MEMBERS NAME ID MEMBERS
KOSIGAR A/L CHELLADORAI 14DEM19F1002
LECTURER’S NAME PUAN AINUL AZNIZA BINTI AHMAD ZAINI
Introduction of the Speed Control of DC motor by ArmatureResistance Control

We know that the speed of shunt motor is given by:

N = (V-IaRa)/kФ
Where, Va is the voltage applied across the armature and φ is the flux per pole and is
proportional to
the field current If.. As explained earlier, armature current Ia is decided by themechanical
load present
on the shaft. Therefore, by varying Va and If we can vary n. For fixed supply voltage
and the motor
connected as shunt we can vary Va by controlling an external resistance
connected in series with the
armature. If of course can be varied by controlling external field resistance Rfconnected
with the field
circuit.
Thus for shunt motor we have essentially two methods for controlling speed, namely by:
1. Varying armature resistance.
2. Varying field resistance.
Speed control by varying armature resistance

In this method a variable series resistor Rext is put in the armature circuit. In this case
the field is directly connected across the supply andtherefore the flux ɸ is not affected by
variation of Rext. in this case thecurrent and hence the flux are affected by the variation
of the armaturecircuit resistance. The voltage drop in Rext reduces the voltage applied to
the armature and therefore the speed is reducing.

The slope of the n vs. Iaor n vs. Te characteristic can be modified by deliberately
connecting external resistance rext in the armature circuit. One can get a family of speed
vs. armature curves for various values of rext. From these characteristics it can be
explained how speed control isachieved. Let us assume that the load torque TL is
constant and field current is also kept constant.

Therefore, since steady state operation demands Te = TL, Te = kφ too will remain
constant; which means Ia will not change. Suppose rext = 0, then at rated load torque,
operating point will be at C and motor speed will be n. If additional resistance rext1 is
introduced in the armature circuit, new steady state operating speed will be n1
corresponding to theoperating point D. In this way one can get a speed of n2
corresponding to the operating point E, when rext2 is introduced in the armature circuit.
This same load torque is supplied at various speed. Variation of the speed is smooth and
speed will decrease smoothly if rext is increased.
Obviously, this method is suitable for controlling speed below the base speed and for
supplying constant rated load torque which ensures ratedarmature current always.
Although, this method provides smooth wide range speed control (from base speed down
to zero speed), has a serious
OBJECTIVE
To study the speed control of D.C. Shunt motor by armature control method. Draw the
graph between armature voltage and motor speed by varring the armature voltage.

EQUIPMENT

Virtual labs
Ammeter
Armature Resistance
Motor
Rotor
Speedometer
METHOD

a) first of all connect the + (positive) terminal of MCB to the (-)negative terminal of
Voltmeter(V) and to the motor's A2 and F2 Port respectively .
b) Connect - (negative) terminal of MCB to the L port of the Starter.
c) Connect The F port of the starter to the positive (+) terminal of the
Ammeter(A).
d) Connect the A port of starter to the positive (+) terminal of the Armature Resistance
.
e) Connect the positive(+) terminal of the voltmeter(V) to the negative(-) terminal of the
Armature Resistance and to the motor's A1 Port respectively.
f) Connect Ammeter's negative(-) terminal to the positive(+) terminal of the Field
Resistance. 3g) Connect Negative (-) Terminal of the Field Resistance tothe Port F1 of
the Motor.
h) Connect Port A1 of the Motor to the Negative (-) terminal of the ArmatureResistance
PROCEDURE

1. Make the proper Connections as per the Instructions.

2. Tap on the MCB to turn on the circuit.
3. Move slider second to get variations over the voltmeter readings.
4. Then tap on Add to Table Button to values to table.
5. Repeat steps 3 & 4 to add more values in table
6. After getting 6 or more rows on table then click on sketch Graph button tomake a
respective
graph regarding the values in above table.
7. In order to organizes and print the page click on Print button
RESULT

The dc motor converts mechanical power into dc electrical power. One of the most
important features of the dc motor is that their speed can easily be control according to
the requirement by using simple methods. Such type of control is impossible in an AC
motor.

The concept of speed regulation is different from the speed control. In speed regulation,
the speed of the motor changes naturally whereas in dc motor the speed of the motor
changes manually by the operator or bysome automatic control device. The speed of the
DC motor in the result there.
CONCLUSION

Based on experiments conducted, this study found that by varying the field, armature
resistance and terminal voltage, the speed of DC series motor can be controlled. The
armature resistance control method is themost common method employed to control the
speed of DC series motor. The voltage control method is rarely used because it involves
high cost.

References

1. J.L. Kirtley, Electric Power Principles: Sources, Conversion,Distribution,

and Use, Wiley, 2010.
2. A. Veltman, D.W.J. Pulle, and R.W. DeDoncker, Fundamentals ofElectrical
Drives, Springer, 2007.
3. I. Boldea and S.A Nasar, Electric Drives, CRC Press, 2nd ed. 2006.
4. J. Chiasson, Modeling and High Performance Control of ElectricMachines,
Wiley-IEEE, 2005.
5. P.C. Krause, O. Wasynczuk, and S.D. Sudhoff, Analysis of ElectricMachinery and
Drive Systems,IEEE Press, 2nd ed. 2002.
6. B. Amin, Induction Motors: Analysis and Torque Control, Springer,2002.