3-ph IM

Induction Motor
 An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which

the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained
by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding.
 An induction motor can therefore be made without electrical connections to the
rotor.
Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

Induction Motor
 An electrical motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical energy

into mechanical energy.
 In the case of three phase AC (Alternating Current) operation, the most widely used
motor is a 3 phase induction motor, as this type of motor does not require an
additional starting device.
 These types of motors are known as self-starting induction motors.

Induction Motor
 Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used as industrial

drives because they are self-starting, reliable and economical.
 Single-phase induction motors are used extensively for smaller loads, such as
household appliances like fans.
 Although traditionally used in fixed-speed service, induction motors are
increasingly being used with variable-frequency drives (VFD) in variable-
speed service. VFDs offer especially important energy savings opportunities
for existing and prospective induction motors in variable-
torque centrifugal fan, pump and compressor load applications.
 Squirrel cage induction motors are very widely used in both fixed-speed and
variable-frequency drive applications.

Construction Induction Motor
induction motor consists of two major parts:

 A stator
 A rotor
Stator
 The stator of three phase
induction motor is made up of
numbers of slots to construct a 3
phase winding circuit which can
be connected with 3-phase
source.
 The three-phase winding is
arranged in such a manner in the
slots that they produce one
rotating magnetic field when the
three-phase AC supply source is
applied. Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE
Stator

induction motor consists of two major parts:

 A stator
 A rotor
Rotor
 It consists of a cylindrical laminated
core with parallel slots that can
carry conductors.
 The conductors are heavy copper or
aluminum bars fitted in each slot
and short-circuited by the end rings.
 The slots are not exactly made
parallel to the axis of the shaft but
are slotted a little skewed because
this arrangement reduces magnetic
humming noise and can avoid
stalling of the motor.
Squirrel Cage Rotor


P, 12, 55,




Principle Induction Motor
 AC power supplied to the motor's stator creates

a magnetic field that rotates in (synchronous speed)
synchronism with the AC oscillations
 This induces an emf (current) in the induction motor's
rotor which is opposing in nature.
The rotating magnetic flux induces currents in the windings of
the rotor, in a manner similar to currents induced in
a transformer's secondary winding(s)
 An induced current circulates through the rotor circuit,
since it is short-circuited or closed through an external
impedance
 The current carrying rotor conductors, under magnetic
field develop a resultant mechanical torque (rotor
revolution) along the direction of stator rotating field
based on the motor principle.
 The rotor rotates below the synchronous speed.
Principle Induction Motor
NOTE
 The rotor accelerates until the magnitude of induced rotor current and torque balances the applied
mechanical load on the rotation of the rotor. Since rotation at synchronous speed would result in no
induced rotor current, an induction motor always operates slightly slower than synchronous speed.
 Synchronous speed (Ns): rotation rate of the stator's magnetic field
120f/P RPM = 2f/P RPS
 Slip (S): difference between synchronous speed and operating speed with respect to the
synchronous speed
𝑁𝑠 −𝑁𝑟
𝑁𝑆
× 100 %
 Slip speed: 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁𝑟 RPM

Rotating Magnetic Field Induction Motor
 3-ph Stator winding is distributed 1200 in space.

 the resultant of the magnetic fields produced by the
3- ph currents is not zero, but a constant non-zero
value rotating in space with respect to time.

 3-ph Stator winding is distributed 1200 in space.

 the resultant of the magnetic fields produced by the
3- ph currents is not zero, but a constant non-zero
value rotating in space with respect to time.
 φR, φY and φB : instantaneous flux

of corresponding Red, Yellow and
Blue phase winding
 φm : amplitude of the flux wave.
θ = 0o
At θ = 0o
Φ ΦR ΦY ΦB
θ = wt
 Resultant of these fluxes (φr) is 1.5φm
- ΦY - ΦB - ΦR

θ = 0o
At θ = 0o
Φ ΦR ΦY ΦB
θ = wt
- ΦY - ΦB - ΦR

θ = 30o
At θ = π / 6 or 30o.
Φ ΦR ΦY ΦB
θ = wt
The resultant of these fluxes at that instant (φr) is 1.5φm
- ΦY - ΦB - ΦR

At θ = π / 6 or 30o.

 is rotated 30o further clockwise without changing its value.

θ = 60o
At θ = π / 3 or 60o.
Φ ΦR ΦY ΦB
θ = wt

- ΦY - ΦB - ΦR

At θ = π / 3 or 60o.


θ = 90o
At θ = π / 2 or 90o..
Φ ΦR ΦY ΦB
θ = wt

- ΦY - ΦB - ΦR

At θ = π / 2 or 90o..


♪ Balanced three phase windings, i.e. mechanically displaced 120 degrees form
each other, fed by balanced three phase source
♪ A rotating magnetic field with constant magnitude is produced, rotating with a
speed 120 f
NS  rpm
P
NS : Synchronous speed
f : supply frequency
P: is no. of poles

•Synchronous Speed


•Sine wave current in each of the

three stationary coils produces
three sine varying magnetic
fields perpendicular to the
rotation axis. •Rotating 3-phase magnetic field, as indicated
•The three magnetic fields add as by the rotating black arrow
vectors to produce a single
rotating magnetic field.
1. Determine the synchronous speed of an induction motor with 4-pole, 400 V, 50 Hz.
120 f P=4
NS  rpm f = 50
P
= 120 x 50 / 4 = 1500 RPM

For a 480 V, 3-phase, 4-pole, 50 Hz induction motor, determine the speed of the stator field in RPS.
120 f P=4
NS  rpm f = 50
P
= 120 x 50 / 4 = 1500 RPM

= 1500 / 60 = 25 RPS

A 220 V, three-phase, two pole, 50 Hz induction motor is running at a slip of 5 %. Find
a) Speed of the magnetic field
b) Speed of rotor in RPM
c) Slip speed
𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁𝑟
P=2 𝑠= × 100 %
𝑁𝑆
f = 50
Slip = s = 5 % = 0.05 3000 −𝑁𝑟
5= 3000
× 100 %
120 f 3000 −𝑁𝑟
NS  rpm 0.05= =
P 3000
= 120 x 50 / 2 = 3000 RPM Nr = (1-s) Ns = (1-0.05) x 3000 = 2850 RPM
Slip speed = 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁𝑟 = 3000 – 2850 = 150 RPM

Torque ~ Slip Characteristics Induction Motor

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Induction Motor

 An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 An electrical motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical energy

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used as industrial

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

induction motor consists of two major parts:

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

induction motor consists of two major parts:

Squirrel Cage Rotor

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 AC power supplied to the motor's stator creates

 Slip speed: 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁𝑟 RPM

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 3-ph Stator winding is distributed 1200 in space.

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 3-ph Stator winding is distributed 1200 in space.

 φR, φY and φB : instantaneous flux

 Resultant of these fluxes (φr) is 1.5φm

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 Resultant of these fluxes (φr) is 1.5φm

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

The resultant of these fluxes at that instant (φr) is 1.5φm

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 Resultant of these fluxes (φr) is 1.5φm

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 Resultant of these fluxes (φr) is 1.5φm

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 Resultant of these fluxes (φr) is 1.5φm

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 Resultant of these fluxes (φr) is 1.5φm

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

 Resultant of these fluxes (φr) is 1.5φm

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

•Sine wave current in each of the

= 120 x 50 / 4 = 1500 RPM

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

= 120 x 50 / 4 = 1500 RPM

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

= 120 x 50 / 2 = 3000 RPM Nr = (1-s) Ns = (1-0.05) x 3000 = 2850 RPM

Slip speed = 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁𝑟 = 3000 – 2850 = 150 RPM

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

Dr. Pratap Ranjan Mohanty, Sr. Asst. Prof., EEE

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