Rectangular Singly Reinforced beam Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Beam Design of Doubly Reinforced Beam

I. Analysis: 1. 𝐴𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠 ′ 1. Find 𝜌 required for Mu (as for singly supported

𝐴𝑠1 ×𝑓𝑦
1. 𝑎 =
𝐴𝑠 ×𝑓𝑦 2. 𝑎 = ′
beam design)
0.85 ×𝑓𝑐′ ×𝑏 0.85 ×𝑓𝑐 ×𝑏
𝑎 2. Find 𝜌 max
𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎. 3. 𝑐=
2. 𝑑 = ℎ − [𝑐. 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + 𝑠𝑡𝑟. 𝑑𝑖𝑎. + ] 𝛽1 3. Check If needs compression reinforcement:
2 𝑐−𝑑 ′
𝑎 ∈′𝑠 = 0.003 ( ) If 𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑞. ≤ 𝜌𝑀𝑎𝑥 , Design as singly reinforced beam
3. 𝑍 = 𝑑 − 4.
𝑐
2 𝑓𝑦 If 𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑞. > 𝜌𝑀𝑎𝑥 , Design as doubly reinforced beam
4. 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ∅ Condition I, ∈′𝑠 ≥∈𝑦 ∈𝑦 =
𝐸𝑠
𝑎 4. Assume ∈𝑡 = 0.005 to ensure:
5. Check 𝜖𝑡 ≥ 𝜖𝑦 𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴𝑠1 × 𝑓𝑦 × (𝑑 − )
5. 𝐷𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒
2 [ ]
6. ∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅ 𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦 × 𝑍 6. 𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴𝑠′ × 𝑓𝑦 × (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) ∅ = 0.9
′
2.55×𝛽1 ×𝑑𝑡 ×𝑓𝑐 ×𝑏
II. Design: 7. ∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅ 𝑀𝑛1 + ∅𝑀𝑛2 5. 𝐴𝑠1 =
1. 𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 𝐷𝑙 + 1.6𝐿𝐿 Condition II, ∈′𝑠 <∈𝑦 8 𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑠1×𝑓𝑦
6. 𝑀𝑢1 = ∅𝐴𝑠1 × 𝑓𝑦 [𝑑 − ]
𝑊𝑢 × 𝑙2 5. (0.85 × 𝑓𝑐′ × 𝛽1 × 𝑏)𝑐 2 + (600𝐴𝑠 ′ − 𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦)𝑐 − 1.7𝑓𝑐′×𝑏
2. 𝑀𝑢 = (for simply span & uniform Wu)
8 600 𝑑 ′ × 𝐴𝑠 ′ = 0 7. 𝑀𝑢2 = 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑀𝑢1
0.85 ×𝑓𝑐′ 2×𝑀𝑢 Find c From the above equation 𝑐−𝑑 ′ 𝐴𝑠∗𝑓𝑦
3. 𝜌 = [1 − √1 − ] 10. 𝑓𝑠 ′ = ( ) 600 ≤ 𝑓𝑦 ,𝑐 =
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐′×∅×𝑏×𝑑 2 𝑐−𝑑 ′ 𝑐 1.445∗𝑓𝑐′∗𝑏
6. 𝑓𝑠 ′ = ( ) 600 𝑀𝑢2
4. 𝐴𝑠 =𝜌×𝑏×𝑑 𝑐 8. 𝐴𝑠 ′ =
∅𝑓𝑠 ′ ×(𝑑−𝑑 ′)
𝑎 = 𝛽1 × 𝑐
7.
5. Find the number of bars 𝑎 9. 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2
𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴𝑠1 × 𝑓𝑦 × (𝑑 − )
8.
Check 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 and 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 , Check bar spacing, 2 Check bar spacing
9. 𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ × 𝑓𝑦 × (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
Check ∅ =? ∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅ 𝑀𝑛1 + ∅𝑀𝑛2
Analysis of Irregular Shape Beam Design of Irregular shape beam Design for Shear Reinforcement
𝑊𝑢 × 𝑙2
𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦 4. 𝑀𝑢 = (for simply supported and uniformly) 𝑊𝑢 × 𝑙
8 1. 𝑉𝑢 = (for simply supported and uniformly)
𝐶𝑓 = 0.85 × 𝑓𝐶′ × 𝑏𝑓 × ℎ𝑓 5. 𝑑 = ℎ − 75 𝑚𝑚 (𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒) 2

Condition I: 𝑇 < 𝐶𝑓, Rectangular beam 6. ∅𝑀𝑛𝑓 = ∅ 0.85 × 𝑓𝐶′ × 𝑏𝑓 × ℎ𝑓 (𝑑 − )

ℎ𝑓 2. 𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝑤𝑢 × 𝑑
2 ∅
1. 𝑎 = 0.85 ×𝑓′ ×𝑏𝑓
𝐴𝑠 ×𝑓𝑦
Condition I: 𝑀𝑛𝑓 ≥ 𝑀𝑢, Rectangular beam 3. ∅𝑉𝑐 = 6 √𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑
𝑐
2. ∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅ 𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦 × 𝑍 7. 𝜌=
0.85 ×𝑓𝑐′
[1 − √1 −
2×𝑀𝑢
] 4. ∅𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑢𝑑 − ∅𝑉𝑐
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝐶′×∅×𝑏𝑓×𝑑 2
Condition II: 𝑇 > 𝐶𝑓, irregular- beam 5. 𝐴𝑣 = 2 𝐴𝑠
8. 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌 × 𝑏 × 𝑑 ∅𝐴𝑣 ×𝑓𝑦 ×𝑑
1. 𝑎 =
𝑇−𝐶𝑓
+ ℎ𝑓 9. Find the number of bars 6. 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
0.85 ×𝑓𝑐′ ×𝑏𝑤 ∅𝑉𝑠
10. Check 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 and 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 , Check bar spacing, Check value of 7. Check maximum Spacing(choose
2. ∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅ 𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦 × 𝑍 ∅
∑ 𝐴𝑌 ′ minimum of a, b and c)
3. 𝑌 ′ = Condition II: ∅𝑀𝑛𝑓 < 𝑀𝑢, Irregular- beam
∑𝐴 a. If 𝑉𝑠 ≤ 2𝑉𝑐
4. 𝑍 = 𝑑 − 𝑌 ′ 𝑑
5. ∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅ 𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦 × 𝑍
ℎ𝑓 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 or 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 600 𝑚𝑚
11. 𝑍𝑓 = 𝑑 − , 𝑑 = ℎ − 75 𝑚𝑚 (𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒)
Check value of ∅ and check 𝜖𝑡 ≥ 𝜖𝑦 2
∅𝑀𝑛𝑓 If 𝑉𝑠 > 2𝑉𝑐
12. 𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 𝑑
∅𝑓𝑦 ×𝑍𝑓 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4 or 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 300 𝑚𝑚
13. 𝑀𝑢𝑤 = 𝑀𝑢 − ∅𝑀𝑛𝑓
16𝐴𝑣 ×𝑓𝑦
14. 𝜌=
0.85 ×𝑓𝑐′
[1 − √1 −
2×𝑀𝑢𝑤
] b. 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝐶′×∅×𝑏𝑤 ×𝑑 2 √𝑓𝑐′ ×𝑏𝑤
15. 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 𝜌𝑤 × 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑
3𝐴𝑣 × 𝑓𝑦
16. 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 + 𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
Check 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 and 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 , Check bar spacing, Check value of ∅ 𝑏𝑤
Development length 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑐 One-way slab
∈𝑡 = 0.003
𝑐
𝑓𝑦 Ψt Ψ𝑒 Ψ𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝐿𝑑 = (0.9 ′
× 𝑐 +𝑘 ) 𝑑𝑏 ∈𝑦 =
ƛ√𝑓𝑐 ( 𝑏 𝑡𝑟) 𝐸𝑠
𝑑𝑏
0.25√𝑓𝑐′ 1.4
Ψt =reinforcement location factor 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑 ≥ 𝑏 ×𝑑
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦 𝑤
Ψt = Top bars ≥300 1.3
Bottom bar 1.0
0.5√𝑓𝑐′ For irregular shape
Ψ𝑒 Coating factor 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑏𝑤 × 𝑑 beams
Ψ𝑒 = epoxy coated bars or wires with 𝑓𝑦
When the Flange is in
cover less than 3db or clear spacing less 0.25√𝑓𝑐′ TENSION
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑏𝑓 × 𝑑 Choose smaller
than 6db 1.5 𝑓𝑦
Ψ𝑒 = All other epoxy-coated bars or wires
1.2 0.003 +∈𝑦 𝑓𝑐′ 600
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = [0.85 𝛽1 ( )]
Ψ𝑒 = Uncoated or zinc coated galvanized 0.007 𝑓𝑦 600 + 𝑓𝑦
bar 1.0 𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
check Ψt ×Ψ𝑒 ≤ 1.7 f'c Mpa 𝜷𝟏 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.002𝑏ℎ (𝑓𝑦 = 280 𝑀𝑝𝑎, 𝑓𝑦
17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 0.85 = 350 𝑀𝑝𝑎)
Ψ𝑠 Reinforcement size factor
Ψ𝑠 = 1.0 for 22mm and larger bars 28 < f'c < 55 0.05(𝑓 ′ 𝑐 − 28) 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018𝑏ℎ (𝑓𝑦 = 420𝑀𝑝𝑎)
0.85 −
7
Ψ𝑠 = 0.8 for 20mm and smaller bars
f'c ≥ 55 0.65 Rebar Spacing:

λ =1.0 Normal weight concrete

𝐴𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟
λ =0.7 Normal weight concrete 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
𝐴𝑠
40𝐴𝑡𝑟 Check maximum spacing is the smallest of the
𝐾𝑡𝑟 = following:
𝑆.𝑛
Cb
450 mm
Cheak spacing: the smallest of:
Clear spacing between bar/2 3xh
Distance from center of bar to nearest 280 2
𝑆 = 380 ( ) − 2.5 𝐶𝑐 , 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
cover 𝑓𝑠 3
Check:
𝑐𝑏 + 𝑘𝑡𝑟 280
( ) ≤ 2.5 𝑆 ≤ 300 ( )
𝑑𝑏 𝑓𝑠